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Abstract Background Behavioral or mental health disorders are common in children, adolescents, and young adults. Medication use is increasingly common, with few data describing drug-drug combinations in ambulatory settings. The objectives of this study were to describe the pharmaco-epidemiology of behavioral and mental health (BMH) medications among children, adolescents, and young adults in New York Medicaid and assess the prevalence of contraindicated drug pairs within this population. Methods This observational cross-sectional study evaluated New York State Medicaid managed care and fee-for-service enrollees under 21 years of age dispensed BMH medications in 2014. Main outcomes included number of members with prescriptions filled; number filling > 1 medication prescription concurrently for ≥ 30 days (polypharmacy), and number and nature of potentially contraindicated drug pairs. Results Of 2,430,434 children, adolescents, and young adults, 422,486 (17.4%) had a visit associated with a BMH diagnosis and 141,363 (5.8%) received one or more BMH medications. With 84 distinct medications evaluated, polypharmacy was common, experienced by 53,388 individuals (37.8% of those with a prescription filled), generating 11,115 distinct drug combinations. 392 individuals filled prescriptions for a contraindicated pair of ≥ 2 BMH medications for 30 days or longer. With ≥ 1 day overlap, 651 were exposed to contraindicated medications. The most common contraindicated pairs increased potential risk for prolonged QT interval and serotonin syndrome (n = 378 and n = 250 patients, respectively). Most combinations involved ziprasidone (3247.1 per 10,000 ziprasidone prescriptions filled). Conclusions With nearly 6% of members dispensed a BMH medication, contraindicated drug pairs were uncommon. However, any of those combinations represent a potential risk. Clinicians should attend to the balance of potential risks and benefits before contraindicated pairs are dispensed. The methodology described could serve as a basis for monitoring such rare instances and might reduce harm.

Abstract Background A psychometric study of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale (FACES III) has been conducted in Spanish-speaking countries from the perspective of the classical test theory. However, this approach has limitations that affect the psychometric understanding of this scale. Objective Accordingly, this study used the item response theory to investigate the psychometric performance of the items. Furthermore, it evaluated the differential performance of the items for Colombia and Chile. Method For this purpose, 518 health science students from both countries participated. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used. Results The study results revealed that the cohesion and adaptability items presented adequate discrimination and difficulty indices. In addition, items 5, 8, 13, 17, and 19 of cohesion indicated differential functioning between students from both countries, with Chilean students exhibiting a greater discriminatory power. Further, the Colombian group exhibited a greater discriminatory power for item 18 of adaptability. Conclusions The study concluded that the items of FACES III indicated adequate psychometric performance in terms of their discriminative capacity and difficulty in Chile and Colombia.

Objective: Despite the availability of various treatment options, a large proportion of patients with asthma have uncontrolled asthma in the United States. Consequently, the economic burden of suboptimal asthma control is anticipated to substantially grow in the next 20 years, adversely impacting patients' quality of life. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective treatments to achieve and maintain asthma control. The Global Initiative for Asthma recommends tiotropium as a controller medication for patients with asthma aged ≥6 years, based on evidence from several randomized controlled trials. However, more real-world data on the effectiveness of tiotropium are required to establish a broad picture of its use in everyday clinical practice.Methods: Herein, we present 3 case reports of patients diagnosed with uncontrolled or fixed obstructive asthma not responding to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) or ICS + long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs) and/or leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs).Results: All 3 patients were prescribed tiotropium, irrespective of their age. Tiotropium improved lung function and quality of life, as indicated by the forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio and the Asthma Control Test score. Furthermore, the addition of tiotropium reduced the use of rescue medication. Conclusions: Hence, the results from these case reports highlight that tiotropium could be an effective and safe add-on treatment option for patients across a range of age groups with uncontrolled or fixed obstructive asthma receiving prior ICS or ICS + LABA and/or LTRA therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of wastewater remains a challenge, particularly in developing countries. The potential use of constructed wetlands to treat wastewater is promising but their contaminant removal efficiencies, particularly in a tropical country such as Zimbabwe, are not fully understood. A pilot-scale study was undertaken in Zimbabwe to evaluate the efficiency of vertical-flow constructed wetlands planted with Typha latifolia in the treatment of domestic wastewater. Four pilot subsurface vertical-flow constructed wetland units (measuring 1 m × 1 m × 1.1 m) were built from concrete. The units were filled with waste rock from a nickel mine. Three units were planted with Typha latifolia while the fourth one was left unplanted, acting as the control. Each unit was loaded with wastewater at a rate of 220 dm3/day. Physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters were analyzed during the winter season. Physico-chemical and bacterial contaminant concentrations were significantly lower in the effluent than in the influent, and the system achieved maximum removals for BOD5, COD, TDS, TSS, nitrates, phosphates, phosphate pentoxide, phosphorus, and E. coli of 56.01%, 82.87%, 30.61%, 90.40% 17.26%, 35.80%, 36.19%, 40.64%, and 90.28%, respectively. The study shows that constructed wetland systems can be successfully established for the removal of physical, chemical, and microbial contaminants from domestic wastewater.

Summary: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted mental health disorders, affecting both individuals with pre-existing conditions and those with no prior history. However, there is limited evidence regarding the pandemic's impact on mental health visits to primary care physicians. The International Consortium of Primary Care Big Data Researchers (INTRePID) explored primary care visit trends related to mental health conditions in Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, Norway, Peru, Singapore, Sweden, and the USA. Methods: We conducted an interrupted time series analysis in nine countries to examine changes in rates of monthly mental health visits to primary care settings from January 1st, 2018, to December 31st, 2021. Sub-group analysis considered service type (in-person/virtual) and six categories of mental health conditions (anxiety/depression, bipolar/schizophrenia/other psychotic disorders, sleep disorders, dementia, ADHD/eating disorders, and substance use disorder). Findings: Mental health visit rates increased after the onset of the pandemic in most countries. In Argentina, Canada, China, Norway, Peru, and Singapore, this increase was immediate ranged from an incidence rate ratio of 1·118 [95% CI 1.053–1.187] to 2.240 [95% CI 2.057–2.439] when comparing the first month of pandemic with the pre-pandemic trend. Increases in the following months varied across countries. Anxiety/depression was the leading reason for mental health visits in most countries. Virtual visits were reported in Australia, Canada, Norway, Peru, Sweden, and the USA, accounting for up to 40% of the total mental health visits. Interpretation: Findings suggest an overall increase in mental health visits, driven largely by anxiety/depression. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many of the studied countries adopted virtual care in particular for mental health visits. Primary care plays a crucial role in addressing mental ill-health in times of crisis. Funding: Canadian Institutes of Health Research grant #173094 and the Rathlyn Foundation Primary Care EMR Research and Discovery Fund.

This article presents an in-depth analysis of three advanced strategies to tune fractional PID (FOPID) controllers for a nonlinear system of interconnected tanks, simulated using MATLAB. The study focuses on evaluating the performance characteristics of system responses controlled by FOPID controllers tuned through three heuristic algorithms: Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), and Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA). Each algorithm aims to minimize its respective cost function using various performance metrics. The nonlinear model was linearized around an equilibrium point using Taylor Series expansion and Laplace transforms to facilitate control. The FPA algorithm performed better with the lowest Integral Square Error (ISE) criterion value (297.83) and faster convergence in constant values and fractional orders. This comprehensive evaluation underscores the importance of selecting the appropriate tuning strategy and performance index, demonstrating that the FPA provides the most efficient and robust tuning for FOPID controllers in nonlinear systems. The results highlight the efficacy of meta-heuristic algorithms in optimizing complex control systems, providing valuable insights for future research and practical applications, thereby contributing to the advancement of control systems engineering.

This study is dedicated to advancing practical and experimental knowledge within sustainable construction and enhancing community productivity, focusing on cattail schoenoplectus californicus, Cyperaceae fibers in Imbabura, Ecuador. The research aims to meticulously analyze and understand cattail fibers’ physical and mechanical properties, characteristics, and potential applications through extensive laboratory testing. The study strives to contribute significantly to the ongoing discussions surrounding sustainable building materials by offering a rich repository of scientific data and insights from our in-depth investigations. Furthermore, we delve into biotechnology and biomimicry, seeking inspiration from the natural world to innovate our construction methodologies. Our exploration also encompasses the technical dimensions of a building, artisanal craftsmanship, eco-conscious design principles, and the evaluation of seismic strength within architectural, structural, and acoustical design frameworks. Through this comprehensive approach, we aspire to illuminate new pathways for employing cattail in sustainable construction practices.

Cellulolytic bacteria have gained worldwide interest due to their ability to secrete thermostable enzymes with multiple uses. In this study, cellulolytic bacteria were isolated from local hot springs on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) agar and screened using0.1% Congo red. Strains LB-4, LB-6 and LB-8 were found to have high cellulolytic indices of 1.8, 2.0 and 1.5, respectively. These strains were preliminarily identified based on morphology, gram’s reaction, and biochemical characteristics. They were rod-shaped, stained blue and possibly belong to a genus of motile Bacillus. The isolates were further subjected to homology analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. BLAST search showed strains LB-4, LB-6 and LB-8 to be 99.13%, 98.26% and 98.91% identical to Bacillus subtilis, Bacillussp., and Bacillus licheniformis in the NCBI GenBank, respectively. The cellulolytic activity of each strain was evaluated using submerged fermentation that was terminated by the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. The optimum cellulase activity of the bacteria strains were observed after 24 hr at pH 7 and 40ºC while utilizing 1% CMC as a carbon source and 1% yeast extract as a nitrogen source. It can be concluded that cellulolytic bacteria were screened and identified from Lubimbi hot springs and the cellulase activity of each strain was optimized for different fermentation conditions. These strains have potential use in the pre-treatment of crop residues for biogas production.

El paper presenta una novedosa estrategia de control de Micro-redes aisladas, basado en el control jerárquico y control droop modificado. Esta estrategia robusta permite mejorar la estabilidad de voltaje y su comportamiento transitorio. Se implementa una Micro-red de referencia con dos fuentes fotovoltaicas con valores nominales. Lo que permite verificar el desempeño de la estrategia propuesta comparando con un controlador PI convencional. El constante avance de la tecnología requiere una gran cantidad de energía, por ello se ha propuesto la inclusión de fuentes de energía renovable (RES) cerca de los centros de carga. Estas RES son implementadas también en sectores donde el sistema eléctrico convencional no es capaz de llegar, de esta manera se garantiza el abastecimiento de energía eléctrica a toda la población. Sin embargo, la implementación de estos nuevos sistemas implica retos de control para que su funcionamiento sea correcto, indiferente que la Micro-red funcione de forma conectada o aislada a la red convencional.

Collaborative research causes problems for research assessments because of the difficulty in fairly crediting its authors. Whilst splitting the rewards for an article amongst its authors has the greatest surface-level fairness, many important evaluations assign full credit to each author, irrespective of team size. The underlying rationales for this are labour reduction and the need to incentivise collaborative work because it is necessary to solve many important societal problems. This article assesses whether full counting changes results compared to fractional counting in the case of the UK's Research Excellence Framework (REF) 2021. For this assessment, fractional counting reduces the number of journal articles to as little as 10% of the full counting value, depending on the Unit of Assessment (UoA). Despite this large difference, allocating an overall grade point average (GPA) based on full counting or fractional counting gives results with a median Pearson correlation within UoAs of 0.98. The largest changes are for Archaeology (r=0.84) and Physics (r=0.88). There is a weak tendency for higher scoring institutions to lose from fractional counting, with the loss being statistically significant in 5 of the 34 UoAs. Thus, whilst the apparent over-weighting of contributions to collaboratively authored outputs does not seem too problematic from a fairness perspective overall, it may be worth examining in the few UoAs in which it makes the most difference.

El presente documento muestra la realidad, desafíos y perspectivas de recuperación secundaria del reservorio “U Inferior” (UI) en el campo Sacha, localizado al flanco occidental del “Play Central” (Corredor Sacha-Shushufindi) del oriente ecuatoriano. El histórico de producción inició en el año 1972 con perforación de pozos, y años después, con proyectos de recuperación secundaria, se logró el incremento de la producción petrolera. La arenisca UI es uno de los principales reservorios productores del campo, se destaca por su alto volumen de reservas 3P y la presente oportunidad de recuperarlo a mediano plazo sin ser este el único reservorio productor con recuperación secundaria. La realidad del campo muestra que las intervenciones a las zonas productoras y la aplicación de técnicas de optimización de producción como fracturamiento hidráulico, producción commingled, estimulación matricial, cambio de zonas, perforación, entre otras, se han visto limitadas por las bajas presiones en los reservorios de la formación Napo; los cuales se encuentran depletados y con presencia de gas libre. Por ello, se generan retos adicionales en diferentes escenarios evaluados de incrementos de producción, para el manejo de los fluidos y sistemas de levantamiento artificial tradicionales. El desafío es buscar el desarrollo del campo bajo estas condiciones, mediante simulación, aplicando el método de Buckley-Leveret e implementando proyectos adicionales para recuperar la presión de la arenisca UI definiendo arreglos de inyección y repotenciación de facilidades existentes (actualmente limitadas), logrando así exponer los casos ideales ajustados a la realidad y mostrar el aumento de volumen de producción acumulada del campo bajo ciertas perspectivas a favor de los intereses del país.

Summary: Background: In this study, we compare management of patients with high-risk chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the United States to national and international guidelines and quality standards, including the COllaboratioN on QUality improvement initiative for achieving Excellence in STandards of COPD care (CONQUEST). Methods: Patients were identified from the DARTNet Practice Performance Registry and categorized into three high-risk cohorts in each year from 2011 to 2019: newly diagnosed (≤12 months after diagnosis), already diagnosed, and patients with potential undiagnosed COPD. Patients were considered high-risk if they had a history of exacerbations or likely exacerbations (respiratory consult with prescribed medication). Descriptive statistics for 2019 are reported, along with annual trends. Findings: In 2019, 10% (n = 16,610/167,197) of patients met high-risk criteria. Evidence of spirometry for diagnosis was low; in 2019, 81% (n = 1228/1523) of patients newly diagnosed at high-risk had no record of spirometry/peak expiratory flow in the 12 months pre- or post-diagnosis and 43% (n = 651/1523) had no record of COPD symptom review. Among those newly and already diagnosed at high-risk, 52% (n = 4830/9350) had no evidence of COPD medication. Interpretation: Findings suggest inconsistent adherence to evidence-based guidelines, and opportunities to improve identification, documentation of services, assessment, therapeutic intervention, and follow-up of patients with COPD. Funding: This study was conducted by the Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute (OPRI) Pte Ltd and was partially funded by Optimum Patient Care Global and AstraZeneca Ltd. No funding was received by the Observational & Pragmatic Research Institute Pte Ltd (OPRI) for its contribution.

This article describes the development of an optimal and predictive energy management system (EMS) for a microgrid with a high photovoltaic (PV) power contribution. The EMS utilizes a predictive long-short-term memory (LSTM) neural network trained on real PV power and consumption data. Optimal EMS decisions focus on managing the state of charge (SoC) of the battery energy storage system (BESS) within defined limits and determining the optimal power contributions from the microgrid components. The simulation utilizes MATLAB R2023a to solve a mixed-integer optimization problem and HOMER Pro 3.14 to simulate the microgrid. The EMS solves this optimization problem for the current sampling time (t) and the immediate sampling time (t+1), which implies a prediction of one hour in advance. An upper-layer decision algorithm determines the operating state of the BESS, that is, to charge or discharge the batteries. An economic and technical impact analysis of our approach compared to two EMSs based on a pure economic optimization approach and a peak-shaving algorithm reveals superior BESS integration, achieving 59% in demand satisfaction without compromising the life of the equipment, avoiding inexpedient power delivery, and preventing significant increases in operating costs.

This paper presents a novel eight-step iterative algorithm for optimizing the layout of a neighborhood, focusing on the efficient allocation of houses to strategically placed facilities, herein referred to as ’points of interest’. The methodology integrates a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) approach with a heuristic algorithm to address a variant of the facility location problem combined with network design considerations. The algorithm begins by defining a set of geographic coordinates to represent houses within a predefined area. It then identifies key points of interest, forming the basis for subsequent connectivity and allocation analyses. The methodology’s core involves applying the Greedy algorithm to assign houses to the nearest points of interest, subject to capacity constraints. The method is followed by computing a Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) among these points to ensure efficient overall connectivity. The proposed algorithm’s iterative design is a key attribute. The most promising result of this approach is its ability to minimize the distance between houses and points of interest while optimizing the network’s total length. This dual optimization ensures a balanced distribution of houses and an efficient layout, making it particularly suitable for urban planning and infrastructure development. The paper’s findings demonstrate the algorithm’s effectiveness in creating a practical and efficient neighborhood layout, highlighting its potential application in large-scale urban planning and development projects.

This paper addresses the challenges in forecasting electrical energy in the current era of renewable energy integration. It reviews advanced adaptive forecasting methodologies while also analyzing the evolution of research in this field through bibliometric analysis. The review highlights the key contributions and limitations of current models with an emphasis on the challenges of traditional methods. The analysis reveals that Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, optimization techniques, and deep learning have the potential to model the dynamic nature of energy consumption, but they also have higher computational demands and data requirements. This review aims to offer a balanced view of current advancements and challenges in forecasting methods, guiding researchers, policymakers, and industry experts. It advocates for collaborative innovation in adaptive methodologies to enhance forecasting accuracy and support the development of resilient, sustainable energy systems.

This paper attempts to elucidate the transformative integration of computational techniques within power systems, underscoring their critical role in enhancing system modeling, control, and the efficient integration of renewable energy. It breaks down the two-sided nature of technological progress, highlighting both gains in operational efficiency and new challenges such as real-time processing, data management, and cybersecurity. Through meticulous analysis of query-based research patterns and mathematical frameworks, this study delves into the balancing act between specificity and breadth in scholarly inquiries while evaluating the impact and evolution of research trends through citation analysis. The convergence of interests and transient research trends is evident, particularly in Artificial Intelligence and optimization. This comprehensive narrative anticipates a sophisticated trajectory for power systems, advocating for continuous innovation and strategic research to foster sustainable, resilient, and intelligent energy networks.

A bounded linear operator $T$ on a complex Banach space $\mathcal{X}$ is said to be full if $\overline{T\mathcal{M}}=\mathcal{M}$ for every invariant subspace $\mathcal{M}$ of $\mathcal{X}$. It is nearly full if $\overline{T\mathcal{M}}$ has finite codimension in $\mathcal{M}$. In this paper, we focus our attention to characterize full and nearly full operators in complex Banach spaces, showing that some valid results in complex Hilbert spaces can be generalized to this context.

El presente trabajo investigativo presenta el diseño y la implementación de un filtro activo de potencia (APF) híbrido, que tiene como objetivo lograr la corrección de los niveles de voltaje cuando estos son afectados por la integración de generación fotovoltaica dentro de la red de distribución eléctrica. Para alcanzar el objetivo propuesto, se hace uso de la técnica de control de modulación por vector espacial resultando en la reducción de armónicos de corriente y voltaje. El diseño propuesto se lo prueba en el sistema de prueba de la IEEE de 13 barras, en Simulink- MATLAB. El APF con la estrategia propuesta tiene excelentes resultados, y permite la inserción de sistemas energéticos fotovoltaicos en la etapa de distribución. Dependiendo la selección del APF de alto potencial se podrá determinar cuan significativa es la corrección sobre el perfil de voltaje, también se reflejará una reducción en las perturbaciones de carga y la compensación de los armónicos se verá mejorada.

El paper presenta el análisis de rendimiento de un Inversor Multinivel en Cascada D-STATCOM para reducir la distorsión armónica total, que basa su control en la estrategia del marco de referencia síncrono. La distorsión armónica es recurrente en las redes de distribución eléctrica actuales debido a la presencia de cargas no lineal, como electrodomésticos u otros dispositivos que tengan en sus componentes electrónica de potencia. El funcionamiento del sistema es evaluado antes y después de implementar la compensación. La simulación y análisis de los resultados de esta investigación está validado en el sistema de pruebas de la IEEE de 13 barras, en MATLAB y Simulink, alcanzando excelentes resultados en reducción del contenido armónico del sistema.

En el presente trabajo de investigación se propone un método de compensación de corrientes armónicas llamado Filtro de potencia activo unificado que tiene como fuente un arreglo de paneles solares junto con un convertidor elevador que por sus siglas en inglés es abreviado UAPF-PV, el cual está diseñado para poder funcionar en redes de distribución de baja tensión, con la finalidad de reducir la componente armónica de corriente. Este método utiliza dos tipos de filtro activos, uno de ellos es el filtro serie el cual usa transformadores, el principio es el de compensar los armónicos que están presentes en el voltaje. El siguiente tipo es el filtro de potencia paralelo, de esta manera compensa los armónicos de corriente. Se realizó el análisis en un sistema de 13 barras de la IEEE en el cual integra una carga no lineal en la 7ma barra del sistema mencionado. En este caso se analizaron las componentes de voltaje, corriente y la componente armónica total presente en la barra 7 del sistema y en la carga. Los resultados obtenidos fueron la disminución de armónicos de corriente y voltaje en la barra 7 del sistema, donde se pasó de tener un 13.5% a un 6% en el THDi IEEE 1159 y la resolución Nro. ARCERNNR -017/2020.

Abstract A successful tissue regeneration is a very complex process that requires a precise coordination of many molecular, cellular and physiological events. One of the critical steps is to convert the injury signals into regeneration signals to initiate tissue regeneration. Although many efforts have been made to investigate the mechanisms triggering tissue regeneration, the fundamental questions remain unresolved. One of the major obstacles is that the injury and the initiation of regeneration are two highly coupled processes and hard to separate from one another. In this article, we review the major events occurring at the early injury/regeneration stage in a range of species, and discuss the possible common mechanisms during initiation of tissue regeneration.

Abstract Background Chronic diseases that drive morbidity, mortality, and health care costs are largely influenced by human behavior. Behavioral health conditions such as anxiety, depression, and substance use disorders can often be effectively managed. The majority of patients in need of behavioral health care are seen in primary care, which often has difficulty responding. Some primary care practices are providing integrated behavioral health care (IBH), where primary care and behavioral health providers work together, in one location, using a team-based approach. Research suggests there may be an association between IBH and improved patient outcomes. However, it is often difficult for practices to achieve high levels of integration. The Integrating Behavioral Health and Primary Care study responds to this need by testing the effectiveness of a comprehensive practice-level intervention designed to improve outcomes in patients with multiple chronic medical and behavioral health conditions by increasing the practice’s degree of behavioral health integration. Methods Forty-five primary care practices, with existing onsite behavioral health care, will be recruited for this study. Forty-three practices will be randomized to the intervention or usual care arm, while 2 practices will be considered “Vanguard” (pilot) practices for developing the intervention. The intervention is a 24-month supported practice change process including an online curriculum, a practice redesign and implementation workbook, remote quality improvement coaching services, and an online learning community. Each practice’s degree of behavioral health integration will be measured using the Practice Integration Profile. Approximately 75 patients with both chronic medical and behavioral health conditions from each practice will be asked to complete a series of surveys to measure patient-centered outcomes. Change in practice degree of behavioral health integration and patient-centered outcomes will be compared between the two groups. Practice-level case studies will be conducted to better understand the contextual factors influencing integration. Discussion As primary care practices are encouraged to provide IBH services, evidence-based interventions to increase practice integration will be needed. This study will demonstrate the effectiveness of one such intervention in a pragmatic, real-world setting. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02868983 . Registered on August 16, 2016.

This research proposed an optimal control approach for a smart grid electrical system with photovoltaic generation, where the control variables are voltage and frequency, which aims to improve the performance through addressing the need for a balance between the minimization of error and the operational cost. The proposed control scheme incorporates the latest advancements in heuristics and hierarchical control strategies to provide an efficient and effective solution for the smart grid electrical system control. Implementing the optimal control scheme in a smart power grid is expected to bring significant benefits, such as the reduced impact of renewable energy sources, improved stability, reliability and efficiency of the power grid, and enhanced overall performance. The optimal coefficient values are found by minimizing the cost functions, which leads to a more efficient system performance. The voltage output response of the system in a steady state is over-damped, with no overshoot, but with a 5% oscillation around the target voltage level that remains consistent. Despite the complexity of nonlinear elements’ behavior and multiple system interactions, the response time is fast and the settling time is less than 0.4 s. This means that even with an increase in load, the system output still meets the power and voltage requirements of the system, ensuring efficient and effective performance of the smart grid electrical systems.