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Policing the legality and normalcy of service members’ sexual lives was a contentious process for military courts throughout the 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s that resulted in the inconsistent enforcement of the homosexual exclusion policy. Military personnel of all ranks and occupations harbored a variety of attitudes and beliefs about homosexuality that challenged the legitimacy and uniformity of the military's legal assault on sexual deviance. Over half of the active duty personnel originally accused of homosexual tendencies received either sentence reductions or sentence reversals as a result of this highly contested process by which official military policy was translated into practice via courts-martial. Paradoxically, the very policies that discriminated against alleged homosexual service members generated legal avenues through which gays and lesbians exercised their rights to due process, and, ultimately, their rights as American citizens embodied in the repeal of the Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy. Rather than being an ideologically homophobic monolith, the Cold War American military rocked with contestation over an exclusion policy that attempted—unsuccessfully—to eliminate all gay and lesbian service members. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses the politics of gender and the social conditions among the wives of enlisted U.S. soldiers on domestic U.S. military bases in the 19th century. The article examines enlisted wives who worked as laundresses in order to supplement the income of their husbands. It discusses the the gender roles of military wives and their sometimes violent responses against men and one another to their roles. The article also discusses the use of alcohol, the use of profanity, and sexual behavior of the enlisted wives on military bases such as Fort Keogh in Miles City, Montana, Camp McDermit in Nevada, and Fort C.F. Smith in Montana.