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1. Unfolding experimental distortions in beta spectrometry

Author: Gaël Craveiro, Sylvain Leblond, Xavier Mougeot, and Matthieu Vivier
Subjects: beta spectra, experimental distortions, unfolding, MLEM, Tikhonov, uncertainties, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The distortions of measured beta spectra are addressed by means of unfolding algorithms. Two different approaches, the Maximum-Likelihood Expectation-Maximization and the Tikhonov regularization, are tested on various simulated spectra, for which the initial spectrum to retrieve is known, and on a 99Tc spectrum measured with our dedicated setup. Statistical uncertainties of distorted measured spectra are propagated by determining the covariance matrices. Both algorithms provide satisfactory results but Tikhonov performs overall better for most of the studied radionuclides. Highlight is made on the necessity to employ at least two independent methods to ensure the accuracy of the unfolded spectra and to estimate the internal bias of each algorithm.
Published: 2024
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2. High precision measurement of the $^{151}$Sm beta decay by means of a metallic magnetic calorimeter

Author: Karsten Kossert, Martin Loidl, Xavier Mougeot, Michael Paulsen, Philipp Ranitzsch, Matias Rodrigues, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt [Braunschweig] (PTB), Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and European Project: Empir 20FUN04 ,PrimA-LTD
Subjects: Radiation, Decay data evaluation, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Decay data measurement, Primary activity measurement, spectrum analysis, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Metrology, radioactivity, calorimeter, beta-rays, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], ionizing radiation, beta spectrum
Abstract: International audience; The beta decay of $^{151}$Sm was measured by means of a metallic magnetic calorimeter. The measurement and subsequent analysis yielded a beta spectrum with an outstanding high-energy resolution of about 70 eV (FWHM) at 22 keV and a very low energy threshold well below 400 eV. The spectrum exhibited unexpectedly elevated beta emission probabilities at very low energy that we have not been able to reproduce in our theoretical study. The data analysis was thus scrutinized and an independent analysis of the same data set carried out. All new approaches have confirmed the previously found shape of the beta spectrum. The measured spectrum was compared to predictions from an advanced theoretical modeling that includes the atomic exchange effect, precise radiative corrections as well as the realistic nuclear structure that usually plays an important role in first forbidden non-unique transitions.The measured spectrum was then carefully analyzed to determine the maximum beta energy, which was found to be Q = 76.430(68) keV. The dominant beta decay of $^{151}$Sm populates the ground state of $^{151}$Eu, and a weak beta branch populates the first excited state of $^{151}$Eu. From our measurements, the probabilities of these two branches were determined to be 99.31(11)% and 0.69(11)%, respectively.
Published: 2022
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3. Excess electronic recoil events in XENON1T

Author: A. Manfredini, L. Scotto Lavina, A. D. Ferella, Hongwei Wang, L. Levinson, Ch. Weinheimer, D. Masson, J. Pienaar, Qing Lin, Auke-Pieter Colijn, Laura Baudis, E. Angelino, João Cardoso, T. Zhu, J. R. Angevaare, F. Gao, Jelle Aalbers, P. Gaemers, F. Toschi, A. Di Giovanni, R. Di Stefano, W. Fulgione, Gabriella Sartorelli, M. Clark, Kentaro Miuchi, C. Therreau, Yuehuan Wei, F. D. Amaro, H. Landsman, A. Depoian, Guillaume Plante, J. Ye, M. Selvi, Joern Mahlstedt, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Ethan Brown, D. Wenz, J. Qin, M. Alfonsi, R. Peres, D. Schulte, J. Long, J. P. Zopounidis, S. Moriyama, Boris Bauermeister, G. Eurin, R. Gaior, C. Hasterok, Ran Budnik, J.M.F. dos Santos, A. Kopec, Xavier Mougeot, Yoshitaka Itow, Michelle Galloway, C. Macolino, F. Agostini, N. Kato, J. Palacio, E. Shockley, A. Mancuso, M. Weiss, S. Reichard, Yanxi Zhang, L. Grandi, J. Schreiner, Sebastian Lindemann, M. P. Decowski, Shingo Kazama, Laura Manenti, G. Koltman, Marc Schumann, Manfred Lindner, R. F. Lang, E. López Fune, N. Rupp, P. Di Gangi, Guido Zavattini, F. Lombardi, Jan Conrad, S. Mastroianni, Uwe Oberlack, C. Hils, Masanori Kobayashi, F. Marignetti, S. Bruenner, Kaixuan Ni, K. Mizukoshi, F. Semeria, D. Ramírez García, V. Pizzella, N. Šarčević, Giacomo Bruno, T. Berger, Sara Diglio, A. Takeda, Masaki Yamashita, Y. Mosbacher, J. Howlett, Gian Carlo Trinchero, H. Qiu, A. Elykov, Lorenzo Bellagamba, F. Arneodo, Katsuki Hiraide, J. Naganoma, A. Rocchetti, D. Barge, B. Cimmino, G. Volta, M. Murra, V. C. Antochi, C. Capelli, P. Shagin, L. Hoetzsch, K. Morå, Julien Masbou, H. Simgen, Dominique Thers, C. Wittweg, K. Odgers, D. Coderre, Manuel Gameiro da Silva, A. Molinario, M. Scheibelhut, April S. Brown, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, Z. Xu, D. Cichon, Bart Pelssers, K. Martens, M. Messina, Elena Aprile, F. Joerg, C. Tunnell, M. Vargas, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, J. A. M. Lopes, M. Iacovacci, L. Althueser, Columbia University [New York], Oskar Klein Centre [Stockholm], Stockholm University, University of Bologna, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Arneodo, F., Barge, D., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Grandi, L., Hasterok, C., Hils, C., Hiraide, K., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Joerg, F., Kato, N., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., López Fune, E., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Marrodán Undagoitia, T., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Palacio, J., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qin, J., Qiu, H., Ramírez García, D., Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., dos Santos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Šarčević, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Scotto Lavina, L., Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Vargas, M., Volta, G., Wang, H., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Ye, J., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Zopounidis, J. P., Mougeot, X., Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, XENON, University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna (INFN, Sezione di Bologna), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino (INFN, Sezione di Torino), National Institute for Subatomic Physics [Amsterdam] (NIKHEF), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli (INFN, Sezione di Napoli), Purdue University [West Lafayette], Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), University of L'Aquila [Italy] (UNIVAQ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics [Chicago] (KICP), University of Chicago, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Nagoya University, Konan University [Kobe, Japan], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), Rice University [Houston], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), XENON collaboration, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), University of California, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), IoP (FNWI), and XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI)
Subjects: xenon: target, axions, solar axion, magnetic moment, dimension: 3, neutrino: solar, Physics beyond the Standard Model, Solar neutrino, dark matter: direct detection, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Dark matter, direct detection, axion, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), neutrino, XENON, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), background: low, Recoil, electron: recoil, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], beta-rays, Particle Physics Experiments, coupling: (axion 2electron), multi-purpose particle detector, nuclear instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, instrumentation, Physics, xenon: liquid, boson: dark matter, axion 2nucleon, tritium, new physics: search for, semileptonic decay, boson: vector, tension, neutrino: magnetic moment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, axion 2photon, low background, boson, Neutrino, ionizing radiation, Nucleon, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), dark matter detector, electronic recoil, Electron capture, XENON1T detector, Dark matter, low-energy electronic recoil data, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], dark matter, NO, Nuclear physics, PE2_2, PE2_1, tritium: semileptonic decay, 0103 physical sciences, solar axion model, surface, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], axion: coupling, PE2_4, 010306 general physics, pseudoscalar, Axion, dark matter: vector, dark matter, XENON1T detector, electronic recoil, solar neutrino, detector, Dark Matter, Axions, Beta Decay, Liquid Xenon, TPC, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, axion 2electron, coupling: (axion 2nucleon), dark matter: detector, model: axion, Gran Sasso, metrology, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], axion, stellar constraints, coupling: (axion 2photon), High Energy Physics::Experiment, particle dark matter, direct detection, beta decay, axion: solar, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], experimental results
Abstract: We report results from searches for new physics with low-energy electronic recoil data recorded with the XENON1T detector. With an exposure of 0.65 t-y and an unprecedentedly low background rate of $76\pm2$ events/(t y keV) between 1 and 30 keV, the data enables sensitive searches for solar axions, an enhanced neutrino magnetic moment, and bosonic dark matter. An excess over known backgrounds is observed at low energies and most prominent between 2 and 3 keV. The solar axion model has a 3.4$\sigma$ significance, and a 3D 90% confidence surface is reported for axion couplings to electrons, photons, and nucleons. This surface is inscribed in the cuboid defined by $g_{ae}, Comment: 26 pages, 15 figures. v2 added Ar37 background discussion and best-fit mass of bosonic dark matter, v3 updated Ar37 discussion, tritium estimation, and solar axion energy spectrum. Data in Fig. 2, 4, and 15, including unbinned energy points in Fig. 4, are available in 10.5281/zenodo.4088778
Published: 2020
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4. Experimental study of 𝛽 spectra using Si detectors

Author: Benoit Sabot, Abhilasha Singh, Abdel-Mjid Nourreddine, Xavier Mougeot, D. Lacour, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nuclear Energy Agency of the OCDE, and International Atomic Energy Agency
Subjects: Spectral shape analysis, Decay data evaluation, QC1-999, Monte Carlo method, Electron, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Spectral line, Modelling, Ionizing radiation, Nuclear physics, spectrometry, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, beta-rays, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Monte Carlo, nuclear instrumentation, Physics, instrumentation, Spectrometer, Decay data measurement, Particle transport, Metrology, Radioactivity, metrology, ionizing radiation, [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], Radioactive decay, Simulation
Abstract: Several scientific users from different communities, such as nuclear medicine, ionizing radiation metrology, nuclear energy industries, and fundamental physics are seeking for a precise knowledge of beta spectra. Consequently, it is of great interest to investigate the spectral shape of beta decaying nuclei with best possible precision. In this work, we aim to investigate precisely β~ decays. For this purpose, we have developed a quasi 4π beta spectrometer based on Silicon detectors (PIPS®). The measurement system is characterized by conversion electron peaks of 109Cd and 207Bi and has been compared with Monte Carlo simulations using nuclear decay data. The preliminary measurements of 14C (allowed transition) and 36Cl (second forbidden non-unique transition) decays have been performed and compared with simulations using the PENELOPE Monte Carlo code.
Published: 2020
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5. Simulation of the response of an ionization chamber to 214Bi emission. Application to the measurement of 222Rn

Author: Xavier Mougeot, C. Thiam, Philippe Cassette, Sylvie Pierre, Abhilasha Singh, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratorio de Radiaciones Ionizantes - Datación Universidad de Salamanca, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Monte Carlo method, Monte Carlo, simulation, chemistry.chemical_element, Context (language use), Radon, PENELOPE, Radionuclide metrology, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 01 natural sciences, beta spectrum, beta-rays, spectrum analysis, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Monte Carlo simulations, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Radionuclide, metrology, radioactivity, ionizing radiation, Monte Carlo simulation, Physics, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], Radiation, secondary measurement, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, 0104 chemical sciences, Metrology, Radon 2, metrology, chemistry, Ionization chamber, Current (fluid), Atomic physics, beta spectrum, [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: International audience; Well-type re-entrant ionization chambers (IC) are used in radionuclide metrology for secondary measurements of radioactive sources. Generally this technique is used for solutions of gamma-emitting radionuclides, but was also extended to high-energy beta-emitting radionuclides like 90Y. In this case, the energy transfer to the gas is made through Bremsstrahlung photons. The measurement of gaseous 222Rn sources with an IC was also undertaken in the framework of the Système International de Référence (SIR) of the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). In this case, we observed an important influence of the thickness of the walls of the glass container of the source. We analysed this effect as the consequence of the direct interaction of high-energy electrons from 214Bi (maximum beta energy of 3.27 MeV) with the counting gas. As the efficiency of the direct ionization of a gas by electrons is several orders of magnitude more important than ionization by Bremsstrahlung, and as energy absorption in the walls of the ampoule is much more sensitive to the thickness of the walls than absorption of the Bremsstrahlung, this could explain the observed phenomenon. It is worth noticing that direct interaction of electrons with the IC gas is never expected when measuring solutions, and this phenomenon was to our knowledge, never addressed in the past. In order to analytically study this phenomenon, we undertook a Monte Carlo simulation of a Vinten 671 IC, with a radon source in a glass vial, where the solid daughters in secular equilibrium with the radon are adsorbed on the internal walls of the gas ampoule. The influence of the glass wall thickness on the response of the IC was studied vs. the wall thickness using the PENELOPE 2016 package and allowed us to determine the acceptable variability of the thickness of the ampoules. Similar simulations were also undertaken with metal gas containers, showing that they could solve measurement problems of 222Rn in the SIR system.
Published: 2019
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6. Nuclide++: A C++ module to include DDEP recommended radioactive decay Data in Geant4

Author: Xavier Mougeot, C. Thiam, Christophe Dulieu, Christophe Bobin, M.A. Kellett, Adithya Nair, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, International Committee for Radionuclide Metrology (ICRM), University of Salamanca, Mody University of Science and Technology, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Decay data evaluation, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Nuclear engineering, Monte Carlo method, decay scheme, C++ module, PENELOPE, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Radioactive decay, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Monte Carlo simulations, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph], modelling, 03 medical and health sciences, nuclide data, 0302 clinical medicine, RDM, Decay Data Evaluation Project, Nuclide, radionuclide, Monte Carlo, GEANT4, Physics, Radionuclide, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], Radiation, Decay scheme, DDEP data, radionuclide metrology, NUCLEIDE database, Geant4 simulation 2, Particle transport, simulation, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, 0104 chemical sciences, Radioactivity, metrology, Radionuclide metrology, beta spectrum, ionizing radiation, [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME]
Abstract: International audience; The NUCLEIDE database provides comprehensive and accurate data recommended by the Decay Data Evaluation Project (DDEP). The module NUCLEIDE++, written in C++, and designed to work in conjunction with the GEANT4 Monte Carlo toolkit has been developed to simulate the complete decay scheme for a given radionuclide by randomly selecting the decay pathways, using data from NUCLEIDE. The nuclear de-excitation of the potential daughters can also be treated in the same run. The initial energies of the electron and positron in the case of beta-emitting radionuclides are sampled from spectra calculated with the BetaShape program developed at LNE-LNHB. The aim of this work is to propose to GEANT4 users the possibility to run with the recommended NUCLEIDE data and a more detailed model. The reliability of NUCLEIDE++ is shown by comparing the coincident particles cascades to the ones obtained with PENNUC and GEANT4.
Published: 2019
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7. High precision analytical description of the allowed $\beta$ spectrum shape

Author: L. Hayen, Kazimierz Bodek, Nathal Severijns, D. Rozpedzik, Xavier Mougeot, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies ( LIST ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics (MSIP), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: magnetic moment, Nuclear Theory, nucleus: wave function, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Chemical effect, neutrino mass, meson exchange, correction: finite size, 23.40.-s, Recoil, nucleus: polarization, meson: exchange, Radiative transfer, radiative correction, beta-rays, effect: chemical, neutrino: mass, 24.80.+y, Nuclear Experiment, [ PHYS.NUCL ] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Physics, form factor, Electroweak interaction, Form factor (quantum field theory), Nuclear structure, nucleus semileptonic decay, 14.60.Cd, interaction: pseudoscalar, Pseudoscalar, electroweak interaction: model, isospin invariance, radioactivity, ionizing radiation, decay data evaluation, electroweak interaction model, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Feynman graph, isospin: invariance, current right-handed, spectrum analysis, current: right-handed, 31.15.-p, Theoretical physics, Mass effect, 0103 physical sciences, Interaction pseudoscalar, structure, 010306 general physics, numerical calculations, Gamow-Teller transition, nucleus wave function, correction finite size, nucleus: semileptonic decay, isospin: effect, Isospin effect, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 13.40.Ks, nucleus polarization, beta decay, Order of magnitude, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, mass: effect
Abstract: A fully analytical description of the allowed $\beta$ spectrum shape is given in view of ongoing and planned measurements. Its study forms an invaluable tool in the search for physics beyond the standard electroweak model and the weak magnetism recoil term. Contributions stemming from finite size corrections, mass effects, and radiative corrections are reviewed. A particular focus is placed on atomic and chemical effects, where the existing description is extended and analytically provided. The effects of QCD-induced recoil terms are discussed, and cross-checks were performed for different theoretical formalisms. Special attention was given to a comparison of the treatment of nuclear structure effects in different formalisms. Corrections were derived for both Fermi and Gamow-Teller transitions, and methods of analytical evaluation thoroughly discussed. In its integrated form, calculated $f$ values were in agreement with the most precise numerical results within the aimed for precision. We stress the need for an accurate evaluation of weak magnetism contributions, and note the possible significance of the oft-neglected induced pseudoscalar interaction. Together with improved atomic corrections, we then present an analytical description of the allowed $\beta$ spectrum shape accurate to a few parts in $10^{-4}$ down to 1\,keV for low to medium $Z$ nuclei, thereby extending the work by previous authors by nearly an order of magnitude., Comment: Accepted for Reviews of Modern Physics
Published: 2018
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8. BetaShape: A new code for improved analytical calculations of beta spectra

Author: Xavier Mougeot, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information ( DM2I ), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies ( LIST ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Ionizing radiation, single transition, relativistic electron wave function, Decay data evaluation, QC1-999, Electron, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, experimental shape factor, Spectral line, mean energies, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph], Neutrino spectrum, 0103 physical sciences, Code (cryptography), beta-rays, Beta (velocity), 010306 general physics, Shape factor, Wave function, radionuclide, Physics, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear data, analytical model, nuclear data, Computational physics, nuclear, ENSDF database, metrology, multiple transition, radioactivity, ionizing radiations, beta decay, Neutrino, beta spectrum, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an]
Abstract: Conference of 2016 International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, ND 2016 ; Conference Date: 11 September 2016 Through 16 September 2016; Conference Code:130583; International audience; The new code BetaShape has been developed in order to improve the nuclear data related to beta decays. An analytical model was considered, except for the relativistic electron wave functions, for ensuring fast calculations. Output quantities are mean energies, log ft values and beta and neutrino spectra for single and multiple transitions. The uncertainties from the input parameters, read from an ENSDF file, are propagated. A database of experimental shape factors is included. A comparison over the entire ENSDF database with the standard code currently used in nuclear data evaluations shows consistent results for the vast majority of the transitions and highlights the improvements that can be expected with the use of BetaShape.
Published: 2016
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9. Systematic comparison of beta spectra calculations using improved analytical screening correction with experimental shape factors

Author: Xavier Mougeot, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Physics, Work (thermodynamics), Radiation, Shape factors, [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], Decay data, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Beta spectrometry, Beta spectrum calculation, Electron, Radionuclide metrology, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, metrology, 0103 physical sciences, Statistics, Beta (velocity), ionizing radiations, Statistical physics, 010306 general physics, Shape factor, Wave function, Beta mean energy
Abstract: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and its Applications (ICRM), 8-11 June 2015, Vienna, Austria. Organizer TU Wien. Editors Franz-Josef Maringer, Dirk Arnold, Uwe Wätjen.; International audience; From a review of the available literature, a database of experimental shape factors from measured beta spectra was created in previous work. Classical assumptions applied in beta spectra calculations which avoid the determination of the electron and nuclear wave functions were tested by comparison with each measured spectrum present in the database. From this systematic comparison, it was demonstrated that the typical assumption lambda(k)=1 is inappropriate for all forbidden unique transitions. Moreover, the equally common xi-approximation was also proved to be incorrect for about half of the listed first forbidden non unique transitions and for all second non-unique ones. In present work, this study has been performed once again using an improved analytical screening correction. General results from previous study still remain the same. Except for allowed transitions, the mean energies in current nuclear databases are expected to be erroneous. Some selected beta spectra are also given to illustrate these results.
Published: 2016
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10. Investigation of the response variability of ionization chambers for the standard transfer of SIR-Spheres

Author: Christophe Bobin, V. Chisté, C. Thiam, M.-N. Amiot, Xavier Mougeot, D. Lacour, L. Ferreux, F. Rigoulay, V. Lourenço, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, European Project: 912/2009/EC,MetroMRT, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), TU – Vienna University of Technology, BOKU – University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienn, BEV – Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying, Robbe, Marie-France, and Metrology for Molecular Radiotherapy - MetroMRT - 912/2009/EC - INCOMING
Subjects: Nuclear engineering, Monte Carlo method, Radionuclide metrology, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, MICROSPHERES, Ionization, Ionization chamber calibration, Monte Carlo, nuclear instrumentation, instrumentation, Physics, NUCLEAR-MEDICINE, Radiation, Selective internal radiation therapy, $^{90}$Y, SIR-Spheres standardization, [SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, simulation, Metrology, [SDV.SP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, radioactivity, SIR-Spheres® standardization, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-MED-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Medical Physics [physics.med-ph], [INFO.INFO-MO] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, ionizing radiation, $^{90}$Y-labelled resin microspheres, 90Y-labeled resin microspheres, [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], [SDV.IB.MN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Nuclear medicine, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], NUCLEAR MEDICINE, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, Particle detector, [SDV.IB.MN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Nuclear medicine, Nuclear physics, 03 medical and health sciences, Calibration, RADIONUCLIDE CALIBRATOR, Monte Carlo simulation, Common emitter, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-MED-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Medical Physics [physics.med-ph], SIMULATION METHOD, calibration, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, 0104 chemical sciences, Y-90, metrology, Measuring instrument, Ionization chamber, ionizing radiations, Calibration of ionization chambers
Abstract: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and its Applications (ICRM), 8-11 June 2015, Vienna, Austria. Organizer TU Wien. Editors Franz-Josef Maringer, Dirk Arnold, Uwe Wätjen.; International audience; The present paper addresses the calibration of well-type ionization chambers (ICs) used at LNE-LNHB as standard transfer instruments to calibrate hospitals in the case of SIR-Spheres $^{90}$Y resin microspheres (Sirtex, Australia). Developed for interventional oncology, this radiopharmaceutical is directly injected in the liver for cancer treatment via a selective internal radiation therapy. The present work was carried out in the framework of the European project “Metrology for molecular radiotherapy” (MetroMRT). As commonly performed in radionuclide metrology for radiopharmaceuticals, the objective is to ensure the metrological traceability of SIR-Spheres to hospitals. Preceding studies were focused on primary measurements of SIR-Spheres based on the TDCR (Triple to Double Coincidence Ratio) method, applied after the dissolution of the $^{90}$Y-labeled resin microspheres. As $^{90}$Y is a high-energy β$^-$-emitter, the IC response strongly depends on the transport of electrons in the radioactive solution and surroundings (vial, chamber liners and materials). The variability of the IC-response due to the geometry dependence is investigated by means of measurements and Monte Carlo simulations in the case of a Vinten IC. The aim of the present study was also to propose a reliable uncertainty for ICs calibrations for the standard transfer of SIR-Spheres to hospitals.
Published: 2016
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11. Reprint of experiments and theory of 138La radioactive decay

Author: P. Dorenbos, F.G.A. Quarati, Xavier Mougeot, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Interfaculty Reactor Institute, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Exchange effect, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Electron capture, Q value, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, RAY, Scintillator, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, SCINTILLATOR, La-138, 0103 physical sciences, beta-rays, β spectrum, 010306 general physics, NUCLEUS, Radiation, Energy distribution, detector, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Chemistry, Detector, Decay data measurement, ORBITAL ELECTRON-CAPTURE, Primary activity measurement, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, metrology, radioactivity, Electron capture probability ratios, Particle, ionizing radiations, Atomic physics, ionizing radiation, beta spectrum, Energy (signal processing), Radioactive decay
Abstract: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and its Applications (ICRM), 8-11 June 2015, Vienna, Austria. Organizer TU Wien. Editors Franz-Josef Maringer, Dirk Arnold, Uwe Wätjen.; International audience; We measured with unprecedented accuracy key features of the La-138 radioactive decays as beta particle energy distribution from 0.5 keV to the end-point and ratios of electron capture probabilities P-L/P-K, P-M/P-K and P-M/P-L. This was achieved by making use of LaBr3:Ce and CeBr3 scintillator detectors. The advantage of the presented technique relies on the double role of LaBr3:Ce as source of La-138 and detector medium resulting in a relatively efficient counting statistics and unaltered beta energy detection. The experimental results are compared to advanced computational techniques and significant deviation is found below 20 keV with the computational spectrum showing a 5% excess of beta particle relative to the experimental spectrum at 10 keV.
Published: 2016
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12. Experiments and theory of 138 La radioactive decay

Author: F.G.A. Quarati, P. Dorenbos, Xavier Mougeot, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Interfaculty Reactor Institute, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Exchange effect, Q value, Electron capture, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, RAY, Scintillator, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, Nuclear physics, SCINTILLATOR, La-138, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), NUCLEUS, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, Physics, Radiation, Energy distribution, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, ORBITAL ELECTRON-CAPTURE, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Metrology, metrology, Electron capture probability ratios, Particle, ionizing radiations, Atomic physics, beta spectrum, Radioactive decay
Abstract: International audience; We measured with unprecedented accuracy key features of the La-138 radioactive decays as beta particle energy distribution from 0.5 keV to the end-point and ratios of electron capture probabilities P-L/P-K, P-M/P-K and P-M/P-L. This was achieved by making use of LaBr3:Ce and CeBr3 scintillator detectors. The advantage of the presented technique relies on the double role of LaBr3:Ce as source of La-138 and detector medium resulting in a relatively efficient counting statistics and unaltered beta energy detection. The experimental results are compared to advanced computational techniques and significant deviation is found below 20 keV with the computational spectrum showing a 5% excess of beta particle relative to the experimental spectrum at 10 keV.
Published: 2016
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13. Determination of the 151Sm half-life

Author: Rainer Dersch, Stefaan Pommé, Philippe Cassette, Karsten Kossert, Timotheos Altzitzoglou, Anthony Nonell, Jarmila Ometáková, G. Stadelmann, Xavier Mougeot, Tomasz Dziel, Jana Sochorová, Ole Nähle, Pavel Auerbach, V. Lourenço, Matej Krivošík, Marie-Martine Bé, Hélène Isnard, Frédéric Chartier, Andrej Rožkov, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de développement Analytique Nucléaire Isotopique et Elémentaire (LANIE), Service d'études analytiques et de réactivité des surfaces (SEARS), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, JRC Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements [Geel] (IRMM), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Geel] (JRC), Czech Metrology Institute, Narodowe Centrum Badań Jądrowych (NCBJ), Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt [Braunschweig] (PTB), Slovenský Metrologický Ústav, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST)
Subjects: Chromatography, half-life, Chemistry, 151Sm, Half-life, standardisation, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 0104 chemical sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, mass spectrometry
Abstract: New measurements have been undertaken to determine the half-life of 151Sm. A pure 151Sm solution was obtained after chemical separation from a samarium solution resulting from the dissolution of an irradiated samarium sample. The concentration of 151Sm in the solution was measured by mass spectrometry, combined with the isotope dilution technique. The activity of the solution was measured by liquid scintillation counting by six European laboratories as part of an international comparison. These combined results lead to a half-life of T 1/2 = 94.6(6) a.
Published: 2015
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14. Calculation of beta spectral shapes

Author: Marie-Martine Bé, Xavier Mougeot, Charlène Bisch, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel ( LNHB ), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information ( DM2I ), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies ( LIST ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies ( LIST ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Spectral shape analysis, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, shape factor, Electron, Spectral line, $^{99}$Tc, spectral shape, symbols.namesake, Beta particles, $^{58}$Co, Quantum mechanics, Beta particle, Beta (velocity), $^{129}$I, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Shape factor, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, Range (particle radiation), [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, transition, atomic exchange, metrology, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Dirac equation, symbols, ionizing radiations, beta spectrum
Abstract: International audience; Classical beta spectra calculations are briefly described, highlighting the usual assumptions and limitations. To go beyond these usual assumptions, the numerical resolution of the Dirac equation for the atomic and beta electrons is necessary. This allowed us to determine the parameters $\lambda_i$ involved in the theoretical shape factors exactly. A systematic comparison between theoretical and experimental shape factors led us to disqualify the usual $\lambda_i$ = 1 assumption for all forbidden transitions. The usual $\xi$-approximation was proved to be incorrect for numerous first forbidden non-unique transitions, and for all higherorder non-unique transitions. A more accurate screening correction was defined and the atomic exchange effect was taken into account, an effect which is always neglected in usual calculations. The beta spectra of $^{63}$Ni and $^{241}$Pu, recently measured down to very low energies, are well reproduced in our calculations. The exchange effect was demonstrated to have a great influence on the spectral shape within this energy range.
Published: 2014
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15. Development of a System for Measuring the Shape of beta Spectra Using a Semiconductor Si Detector

Author: Marie-Martine Bé, Xavier Mougeot, Charlène Bisch, Abdel-Mjid Nourreddine, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 217257,EC:FP7:GA,FP7-2007-ERANET-4.2.2.2,IMERA-PLUS(2007), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Instrumentation, chemistry.chemical_element, silicon semi-conductor detector, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, beta-rays, Si electron spectrometer, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Monte-Carlo, 010306 general physics, nuclear instrumentation, Physics, instrumentation, detector, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Monte-Carlo simulations, Liquid nitrogen, simulation, calibration, Semiconductor detector, Semiconductor, metrology, chemistry, radioactivity, Measuring instrument, ionizing radiations, business, ionizing radiation, beta spectrum
Abstract: International audience; A system for the measurement of beta energy spectra has been developed. It is based on a silicon semi-conductor detector operating at liquid nitrogen temperatures, under ultra high-vacuum. Monte-Carlo simulations were made to optimize the detection chamber and the source holder. Descriptions of the electronic and mechanical systems are included, as well as the first measured spectra
Published: 2014
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16. Corrections for exchange and screening effects in low-energy beta decays

Author: Martin Loidl, Xavier Mougeot, Charlène Bisch, Marie-Martine Bé, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, $^{241}$Pu, 63Ni, spectrum analysis, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Spectral line, Nuclear physics, Beta particle, Plutonium-241, beta-rays, Beta (velocity), nuclear instrumentation, Physics, instrumentation, Calorimeter, Decay data measurement, Nuclear data, Primary activity measurement, Metallic magnetic calorimeters, 241Pu, Beta decay, metrology, radioactivity, Measuring instrument, ionizing radiations, $^{63}$Ni, Atomic physics, Beta spectrum, ionizing radiation, Radioactive decay
Abstract: International audience; The beta spectra of $^{241}$Pu and $^{63}$Ni have been recently measured using metallic magnetic calorimeters. This powerful experimental technique allows theoretical beta spectra calculations to be tested at low energy with an accuracy never before achievable. Their comparison with classical beta calculations exhibits a significant deviation below 4 keV for $^{241}$Pu and 8 keV for $^{63}$Ni. The atomic exchange effect explains the main part of this deviation in the $^{63}$Ni beta spectrum. This effect has a significant contribution, equivalent to the magnitude of the screening, in the $^{241}$Pu beta spectrum.
Published: 2014
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17. Beta spectrometry with metallic magnetic calorimeters

Author: Xavier Mougeot, C. Le-Bret, Matias Rodrigues, Martin Loidl, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union on the basis of decision N912/2009/EC, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: spectrum measurement, Analytical chemistry, ionizing radiation metrology, shape factor, beta source, 63Ni, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, Ionizing radiations, Spectral line, Metal, detection efficiency, cryogenic detector, cryogenic detectors, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Electroplating, Shape factor, beta radionuclide, Physics, Radiation, Metallic magnetic calorimeter, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, NiCl2 solution, electroplated source, Beta spectrometry, Detector, metallic magnetic calorimeters, Nuclear data, nuclear data, atomic exchange, metrology, Beta (plasma physics), visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Atomic physics, beta spectrum
Abstract: International audience; Metallic magnetic calorimeters are a specific type of cryogenic detectors that have been shown to enable precise measurement of the shape of low energy beta spectra. The aim of their use at LNHB is the determination of the shape factors of beta spectra. The beta source is enclosed in the detector absorber, allowing for very high detection efficiency. It has turned out that the type of source is of crucial importance for the correctness of the measured spectrum. Spectra of 63Ni measured with several sources prepared by drying a NiCl2 solution differ from one another and from theory, whereas spectra measured with electroplated sources are reproducible and agree with theory. With these latter measurements we could confirm the atomic exchange effect down to very low energy (200 eV).
Published: 2014
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18. Evaluation of the beta spectral shapes

Author: Marie-Martine Bé, Charlène Bisch, Xavier Mougeot, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, J.-R Filtz, B. Larquier, P. Claudel and J.-O. Favreau, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Engineering, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Monte Carlo method, metallic magnetic calorimeter, Analytical chemistry, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Monte Carlo simulations, 03 medical and health sciences, beta energy spectrum, 0302 clinical medicine, Low energy, 0103 physical sciences, calorimeter, beta-rays, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Monte Carlo, nuclear instrumentation, silicon detector, source holder, instrumentation, detector, business.industry, metallic magnetic calorimeters, Liquid nitrogen, simulation, Metrology, Computational physics, detection chamber, metrology, Beta (plasma physics), radioactivity, Silicon detector, ionizing radiations, business, ionizing radiation, beta spectrum, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: International audience; Following an increased demand from users for a precise knowledge of beta spectra coupled with well-established uncertainties, LNHB is leading a study of beta spectral shapes at the metrological level. The evaluation of these beta spectra, especially to reach metrological uncertainties, requires new measurements and new calculations with high precision. The first part of this contribution will describe a new experimental setup for the measurement of beta energy spectra based on a silicon detector with a very thin entrance window and operating at liquid nitrogen temperatures under high-vacuum. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to optimize the detection chamber and source holder. Some preliminary results are included. The second part summarizes the calculations already implemented. These complex calculations are compared to some measurements of beta spectra obtained by using metallic magnetic calorimeters, and highlight the major contribution of the atomic screening and exchange effects at low energy.
Published: 2013
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19. Structure of unbound neutron-rich $^{9}$He studied using single-neutron transfer

Author: N. de Séréville, E. C. Pollacco, N. Keeley, N. A. Orr, S. I. Sidorchuk, W. Mittig, A. Gillibert, T. Roger, H. Iwasaki, J. Guillot, L. Gaudefroy, K. Rusek, Xavier Mougeot, B. Fernández-Domínguez, C. Force, D. Suzuki, Y. Blumenfeld, T. Al Kalanee, V. Lapoux, H. Savajols, S. A. Krupko, P. Roussel-Chomaz, L. Nalpas, Julien Gibelin, D. Beaumel, I. Strojek, Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire de Caen (LPCC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, MUST2, Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 21.10.Jx, 21.10.Pc, 21.10.Tg, 25.45.Hi, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Mass spectrum, Level structure, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Experimental methods, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Ground state, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The 8He(d,p) reaction was studied in inverse kinematics at 15.4A MeV using the MUST2 Si-CsI array in order to shed light on the level structure of 9He. The well known 16O(d,p)17O reaction, performed here in reverse kinematics, was used as a test to validate the experimental methods. The 9He missing mass spectrum was deduced from the kinetic energies and emission angles of the recoiling protons. Several structures were observed above the neutron-emission threshold and the angular distributions were used to deduce the multipolarity of the transitions. This work confirms that the ground state of 9He is located very close to the neutron threshold of 8He and supports the occurrence of parity inversion in 9He., Exp\'erience GANIL/SPIRAL1/MUST2
Published: 2013
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20. Study of the Influence of the Source Quality on the Determination of the Shape Factor of Beta Spectra

Author: C. Le-Bret, Matias Rodrigues, J. Bouchard, Xavier Mougeot, Martin Loidl, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: PACS numbers: 07.20.Mc, 29.40.Vj, 29.30 Dn,07.81.+a, 23.40.-s, 06.20.-f, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, ionizing radiation metrology, shape factor, 63Ni, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, pure beta emitter, Optics, Quality (physics), detection efficiency, 0103 physical sciences, calorimeter, detector absorber, beta-rays, General Materials Science, beta spectrometry, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Shape factor, nuclide, nuclear instrumentation, instrumentation, 010302 applied physics, Physics, detector, business.industry, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Detector, Nuclear data, Metallic magnetic calorimeters, equipment and supplies, Condensed Matter Physics, Beta decay, nuclear data, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, metrology, radioactivity, Beta (plasma physics), ionizing radiations, ionizing radiation, business, beta spectrum
Abstract: International audience; We are developing metallic magnetic calorimeters for beta spectrometry with the aim of determining the shape factors of beta spectra. The beta emitter is enclosed inside the detector absorber and the absorber size is chosen such that the detection efficiency is close to 100% for the entire spectrum.The nature of the deposit of the beta emitter is critical for precise measurement. A dependence of the shape of the spectrum on the quality of the source has been observed, supposedly due to interactions between the electrons and the deposit itself. We chose for this comparative study a nuclide with an allowed transition whose theoretical spectrum is relatively well-known, $^{63}$Ni, a pure beta emitter with an endpoint energy of 66.98 keV.Results of measurements of $^{63}$Ni deposited with different techniques are presented and compared to each other and to the theoretical spectrum.
Published: 2012
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21. First measurement of the beta spectrum of 241Pu with a cryogenic detector

Author: Benjamin Censier, Xavier Mougeot, Philippe Cassette, T. Branger, Martin Loidl, D. Lacour, Matias Rodrigues, S. Kowalski, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, shape factor, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Mass spectrometry, sensors, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, Optics, cryogenic detectors, 0103 physical sciences, detector absorber, beta spectrometry, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Shape factor, detectors, Physics, Radiation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, calorimeters, Detector, metallic magnetic calorimeters, Nuclear data, metrology, Beta (plasma physics), High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, beta spectrum, ionizing radiation, Realization (systems), Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and its Applications (ICRM 2009)7-11 September 2009 • Bratislava, Slovak Republic; International audience; The LNE-LNHB is developing metallic magnetic calorimeters, a specific type of cryogenic detectors, for beta spectrometry. The aim is the determination of the shape factors of beta spectra. Our latest detector has been designed to measure the spectrum of 241Pu, a pure beta emitter with an endpoint energy of 20.8 keV. In this paper, the detection principle of metallic magnetic calorimeters is explained and a detailed description is given of the realization of the detector enclosing a 241Pu source inside the detector absorber. A spectrum resulting from our first measurement is shown and compared with a theoretical spectrum.
Published: 2010
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22. A cryogenic target for direct reaction studies with exotic beams

Author: A. Obertelli, P. Roussel-Chomaz, H. Savajols, A. Gillibert, P. Dolégiéviez, M. Ozille, Xavier Mougeot, W. Mittig, F. de Oliveira, Ph. Robillard, Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée (DAPNIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Cryogenic system, chemistry.chemical_element, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], USable, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Experimental methods and instrumentation for elementary-particle and nuclear physics, Optics, Deuterium, chemistry, Solid hydrogen, 0103 physical sciences, Homogeneity (physics), Direct reaction, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Particle beam, business, Instrumentation, Helium
Abstract: International audience; A cryogenic system has been designed to make a thin target of solid hydrogen isotopes usable under vacuum, with a particle beam. In order to insure the homogeneity of the target, an equivalent pressure is maintained with helium on both sides of the target windows during the formation of the solid hydrogen. The system developed is described and the results obtained with 1 mm thick solid hydrogen and deuterium targets, in two different experiments using the radioactive beams from the SPIRAL facility, are presented. The flatness achieved was better than a few percent in both experiments.
Published: 2006
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23. Modélisation de spectres antineutrino de réacteur

Author: Périssé, Lorenzo, Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Xavier Mougeot, Matthieu Vivier, and Anthony Onillon
Subjects: Désintégration β, Modélisation, Neutrino, Modeling, Numerical computation, Particle, Reactor, Calcul numérique, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Réacteur, β decay, Particule
Abstract: Over the last decades, antineutrino experiments conducted at short and long baselines from nuclear reactors and using detection techniques based on the inverse β-decay (IBD) have revealed a systematic and significant deficit of detected antineutrinos compared to the predicted fluxes. Besides this flux discrepancy, called the reactor antineutrino anomaly, a difference in the shape of the measured spectra compared to state-of-the-art predictions has been observed. No evidence for an experimental bias has so far been detected as the origin of these discrepancies, and the interpretation of the reactor antineutrino anomaly as a neutrino oscillation with a sterile neutrino state is currently disfavored by recent very short baseline reactor experiments.The validity of the predictions is also questioned as the source of the observed discrepancies, and has motivated a revision of the modelings of reactor antineutrino spectra. In this context, a revisited prediction has been developed and is presented in this PhD dissertation. In a nuclear reactor, antineutrinos are typically emitted during the β-decays of the products originating from the fission of four actinides making up more than 99% of the thermal power released in the core (²³⁵U, ²³⁸U, ²³⁹Pu, ²⁴¹Pu). During a beta decay, an excited nucleus ejects in correlation an electron and an antineutrino.The total emission probability and the energy spectra associated to each of these two particles are characteristic of the parent and daughter nuclei, and depend on their nuclear and atomic structures. The antineutrino spectrum emitted by a reactor core then results from the superposition of thousands of β spectra. The revised prediction is based on the summation method which consists in modeling each of these β transitions. An advanced modeling of the β-decay theory has been used to include various effects due to the Coulomb interaction between the emitted electron and the daughter nucleus through a numerical treatment.The latest evaluated nuclear data are used to model the thousands β-decays contributing to a reactor antineutrino spectrum, including the most recent data from total absorption gamma spectroscopy measurements. A thorough propagation of the uncertainties associated to both the modeling and the nuclear data evaluation has also been investigated, allowing to produce a consistent and conservative uncertainty budget for the revisited spectra.The new summation modeling is finally compared with other state-of-the-art predictions, and its improvements and limitations are discussed in regards to IBD datasets from recent short and long baseline reactor experiments.; Au cours des dernières décennies, les expériences visant à mesurer des antineutrinos menées à courtes et longues distances de réacteurs nucléaires et utilisant des détecteurs basées sur la désintégration β inverse (IBD) ont révélé un déficit systématique et significatif d'antineutrinos détectés par rapport aux flux prédits. Outre cet écart de flux, appelé anomalie des antineutrinos de réacteur (RAA), une différence dans la forme des spectres mesurés par rapport aux prédictions reflétant l'état de l'art a été observée. Aucune preuve d'un biais expérimental n'a été mis en évidence comme étant à l'origine de ces divergences, et l'interprétation de la RAA comme une nouvelle oscillation de neutrino avec un état stérile est pour l’instant défavorisée par de récentes expériences placées à courtes lignes de vol d’un réacteur. La validité des prédictions est aussi remise en question comme source des divergences observées, ce qui a motivé une révision des modèles de spectres d'antineutrino de réacteur. Dans ce contexte, une nouvelle prédiction a été développée et est présentée dans cette thèse de doctorat.Les antineutrinos de réacteur sont émis lors de la désintégration β⁻ des produits issus de la fission du combustible nucléaire (²³⁵U, ²³⁸U, ²³⁹Pu, ²⁴¹Pu). Lors d’une telle transition, un noyau excité éjecte en corrélation un électron et un antineutrino.La probabilité d’émission totale et les spectres en énergie associés à chacune de ces deux particules sont caractéristiques du noyau initial et du noyau final, et dépendent de leurs structures nucléaire et atomique. Le spectre antineutrino émis par un cœur de réacteur résulte ainsi de la superposition de milliers de spectres β. La prédiction revisitée est basée sur la méthode par sommation qui consiste à modéliser chacune de ces transitions β. Une modélisation avancée de la théorie de la désintégration β a été utilisée pour inclure différents effets dus à l'interaction électromagnétique entre l'électron émis et le noyau fils par un traitement numérique. Les données nucléaires expérimentales les plus récentes sont utilisées pour modéliser les milliers de désintégrations contribuant au spectre antineutrinos d'un réacteur, incluant les mesures de spectroscopie d'absorption totale γ. Une propagation détaillée des incertitudes associées à la fois à la modélisation et à l'évaluation des données nucléaires a également été effectuée, permettant de générer un budget d'incertitude cohérent et conservatif pour les spectres ainsi modélisés. La nouvelle modélisation par sommation est finalement comparée à l'état de l'art des prédictions de spectre de réacteur, et ses améliorations et limitations sont discutées en considérant des jeux de données IBD collectées par de récentes expériences réacteurs à courtes et longues lignes de vol.
Published: 2021

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23 results on '"Xavier Mougeot"'

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19. Structure of unbound neutron-rich $^{9}$He studied using single-neutron transfer

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21. First measurement of the beta spectrum of 241Pu with a cryogenic detector

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23. Modélisation de spectres antineutrino de réacteur

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