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In this article, Ni–B composite electrodeposition was prepared by nanodiamond and Y2O3 nanoparticles. Due to the synergistic strengthening effect of the two reinforcing phase particles on the Ni–B composite coating, the wear and corrosion resistance of the Ni–B/diamond-Y2O3 composite coating is significantly better than that of the single reinforcing material composite coating. In addition, the effect of electrodeposition pulse frequency on Ni–B/diamond-Y2O3 composite coating was studied in detail, and its characterization and performance tests were carried out. The results show that the Ni–B/diamond-Y2O3 nanocomposite coatings prepared with a pulse frequency of 100 Hz have finer grains and no agglomeration. The Ni–B/diamond-Y2O3 nanocomposite coating has the highest impedance under the pulse frequency of 100 Hz, the corrosion inhibition rate is 98.70%, and it has good corrosion resistance. At the same time, in the mechanical property test, the average microhardness is as high as 661.90 HV, the average friction coefficient is only 0.206, and the wear resistance is excellent. In conclusion, the Ni–B/diamond-Y2O3 nanocomposite coatings prepared under 100 Hz pulse have excellent wear and corrosion resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory diseases have become increasingly prevalent throughout the world. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), which has recently become pandemic, also exhibits hyperinflammation and cytokine release syndrome. To address inflammation‐related diseases, numerous molecular targets have been explored in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Among them, the protease‐activated receptors (PARs) that belong to G protein‐coupled receptors are one of the most popular classes of drug targets, participating in inflammatory signalling and diseases. PARs activation can trigger downstream intracellular signalling to modulate a variety of inflammatory responses in multiple systems, including nervous, respiratory, digestive, circulatory, urinary and immune systems. Importantly, there are the Yin‐Yang effects, comprising anti‐ and pro‐inflammatory roles, of PARs activation in different types of inflammations, and these are context‐dependent. Alternatively, it was recently revealed that PARs not only modulate inflammatory‐related tumour progression, but also participate in inflammatory cytokine release related to COVID‐19 via direct interaction with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 protein, suggesting that PARs also participate in other diseases via inflammatory responses. In this review, we renew and discuss the findings of PARs as molecular targets for treating inflammatory diseases, highlighting the novel roles of PARs and facilitating a better understanding of their designated values in the specific inflammatory environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of wounds remains a significant healthcare challenge, highlighting the need for effective wound healing strategies. To address this, it is crucial to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying tissue repair as well as explore potential therapeutic approaches. Trypsin, as a serine protease, has been clinically utilized for wound healing for decades; however, it still lacks systemic investigation on its role and related mechanism. This study aimed to investigate the effects of low-dose trypsin on wound healing both in vitro and in vivo . While trypsin is an endogenous stimulus for protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), we discovered that both low-dose trypsin and synthesized PAR2 agonists significantly enhanced the migration, adhesion, and proliferation of fibroblasts and macrophages, similar to the natural repair mechanism mediated by mast cell tryptase. Moreover, such cell functions induced by trypsin were largely inhibited by PAR2 blockade, indicating the participation of trypsin via PAR2 activation. Additionally, low-dose trypsin notably expedited healing and regeneration while enhancing collagen deposition in skin wounds in vivo. Importantly, upon stimulation of trypsin or PAR2 agonists, there were significant upregulations of genes including claudin-7 (Cldn7), occludin (Ocln), and interleukin-17A (IL-17A) associated with proliferation and migration, extracellular matrix (ECM), tight junction, and focal adhesion, which contributed to wound healing. In summary, our study suggested that a low-dose trypsin could be a promising strategy for wound healing, and its function was highly dependent on PAR2 activation., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 American Chemical Society.)