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Rapid and effective control of non‐compressible massive hemorrhage poses a great challenge in first‐aid and clinical settings. Herein, a biopolymer‐based powder is developed for the control of non‐compressible hemorrhage. The powder is designed to facilitate rapid hemostasis by its excellent hydrophilicity, great specific surface area, and adaptability to the shape of wound, enabling it to rapidly absorb fluid from the wound. Specifically, the powder can undergo sequential cross‐linking based on "click" chemistry and Schiff base reaction upon contact with the blood, leading to rapid self‐gelling. It also exhibits robust tissue adhesion through covalent/non‐covalent interactions with the tissues (adhesive strength: 89.57 ± 6.62 KPa, which is 3.75 times that of fibrin glue). Collectively, this material leverages the fortes of powder and hydrogel. Experiments with animal models for severe bleeding have shown that it can reduce the blood loss by 48.9%. Studies on the hemostatic mechanism also revealed that, apart from its physical sealing effect, the powder can enhance blood cell adhesion, capture fibrinogen, and synergistically induce the formation of fibrin networks. Taken together, this hemostatic powder has the advantages for convenient preparation, sprayable use, and reliable hemostatic effect, conferring it with a great potential for the control of non‐compressible hemorrhage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimal surgical intervention for lateral patellar instability remains a topic of controversy despite satisfactory clinical outcomes and low re‐dislocation rates reported in numerous studies following medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR) with and without tibial tubercle transfer (TTT). The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to investigate the hypothesis that combining MPFLR with TTT provides reduced complication rates and improved clinical outcomes to isolated MPFLR in patients with lateral patellar instability. We conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis of comparative trials involving MPFLR with and without TTT, sourcing data from PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science. The primary clinical outcomes analyzed included the Kujala score, the Lysholm score, complication rates, and the Caton–Deschamps index (CDI). Random or fixed effects were used for the meta‐analysis. Postoperatively, there were no significant differences observed in the Kujala and Lysholm scores between MPFLR and MPFLR + TTT (p = 0.053). At the final follow‐up, the CDI had decreased 0.015 (95% CI −0.044, 0.013; p = 0.289) points in the MPFLR group, with no statistical significance. In contrast, the MPFLR + TTT group demonstrated a significant decrease of 0.207 (95% CI −0.240, −0.174; p = 0.000) points in CDI. Notably, the complication rate was higher in the MPFLR + TTT group compared to the MPFLR‐only group (RR = 2.472; 95% CI 1.638, 3.731; p = 0.000). Both MPFLR and MPFLR + TTT procedures yield significant improvements in the Kujala and Lysholm scores. However, the MPFLR + TTT approach results in an apparent improvement in CDI and corrects patellar maltracking, particularly in cases involving high tibial tuberosity‐trochlear groove (TT‐TG) (>20 mm) or patella alta (CDI > 1.2), while MPFLR alone cannot. It is essential to consider the higher complication rate of MPFLR + TTT, which suggests that MPFLR alone may be sufficient for patients without high TT‐TG or patella alta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have shed light on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that link subchondral bone remodelling and angiogenesis in knee osteoarthritis (OA). Type H vessels are a newly identified bone blood vessel characterized by high expression of CD31 and endomucin that are coupled with osteogenesis. Factors including mechanical loading, TGF-β1, platelet-derived growth factor type BB, the osteoprotegerin–RANK ligand–RANK system, osteopontin, mechanistic target of rapamycin, VEGF, stromal cell-derived factor l and prostaglandin E2 participate in the formation of type H vessels in osteoarthritic subchondral bone. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of type H vessels in knee OA, as well as the signalling pathways involved and potential therapeutic medicines. In future, the pathogenesis of knee OA could be further clarified by connecting type H vessels and the design of new disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs. However, further experiments are needed to determine the upstream signals regulating type H vessel formation in osteoarthritic subchondral bone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen reduction electrocatalysts are highly attractive for catalytic science. However, most electrocatalysts are limited by their low faradaic efficiency, poor ammonia yield, and tedious and costly catalyst synthesis process. In this work, Fe‐based oxide composite nanoparticles with steady chemical states are prepared by a single‐step green procedure under ambient conditions. The resulting Fe−Fe3O4 demonstrates remarkable activity and selectivity for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) with the highest faradaic efficiency of 53.2±1.8 % and NH3 yield rate of 24.6±0.8 μg h−1 mgcat.−1 at −0.4 V (vs. RHE) in 0.1 m Na2SO4 electrolyte. Characterization experiments and theoretical calculation reveal that Fe−Fe3O4 exhibits significantly enhanced charge transfer capability and suppresses the competitive HER process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: It is unclear whether idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is associated with borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip (BDDH). This study aimed to compare the incidence of BDDH between patients with idiopathic ONFH and matched control subjects and determine the influence of BDDH on poor prognosis after core decompression (CD). Methods: We retrospectively examined 78 consecutive patients (111 hips) with idiopathic ONFH undergoing CD and 1:2 matched with 156 control subjects (222 hips). The anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were used to measure the acetabular anatomical parameters and divide included subjects into BDDH or non‐BDDH group. The incidence of BDDH and acetabular anatomical parameters were compared between patients with idiopathic ONFH and matched controls. Clinical outcomes, such as Harris Hip Score (HHS), progression of collapse, and conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA), were compared between patients with BDDH and without BDDH in the idiopathic ONFH group, with a mean follow‐up of 72.1 ± 36.6 months. Results: Patients with idiopathic ONFH had a significantly higher incidence of BDDH than matched controls (29.7% vs 12.2%, p < 0.001). Less acetabular coverage was also found in patients with idiopathic ONFH than in matched controls as demonstrated by lower CEA (28.5° ± 4.7° vs 33.1° ± 5.7°, p < 0.001), AHI (82.4 ± 5.0 vs 86.3 ± 5.4, p < 0.001), ADR (299.6 ± 28.4 vs 318.8 ± 31.3, p < 0.001), and a higher sharp angle (40.0° ± 3.4° vs 37.4° ± 3.7°, p < 0.001). In patients with idiopathic ONFH, the BDDH group had a significantly lower mean HHS at the last follow‐up (83.5 ± 17.4 vs 91.6 ± 9.7, p = 0.015) with a different score distribution (p = 0.004), and a lower 5‐year survival rate with both clinical failure (66.7%, 95% CI 52.4%–84.9% vs 83.7%, 95% CI 75.2%–93.1%; p = 0.028) and conversion to THA (74.6%, 95% CI 60.7%–91.6% vs 92.1%, 95% CI 85.6%–99.0%; p = 0.008) as the endpoints than the non‐BDDH group. Conclusion: The incidence of BDDH was significantly higher in patients with idiopathic ONFH than matched controls, and idiopathic ONFH patients who underwent CD with BDDH had lower mean HHS as well as 5‐year survival rate than those without BDDH. Therefore, BDDH should be considered a risk factor predicting the development of idiopathic ONFH as well as poor prognosis after CD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]