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Background Adolescent mental health is a global public health concern and parental migration has been identified as a risk factor. However, the effect mechanism remained unclear. Methods A total of 2,737 participants (mean = 11.93, SD = 1.23) were recruited from twelve schools in migrant-sending areas in Zhejiang and Anhui provinces. The participants responded to items in Child Depression Inventory, Parent–Adolescent Communication Scale, Olweus Bully or Victim Questionnaire and socio-demographic questions. Serial multiple mediation models were analysed using the bootstrapping method. Results Current and previous left-behind (LB) experience were significantly associated with higher risks of depression, non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal ideation (p < 0.05). Mother–adolescent communication and school bullying victimisation, in serial order, mediated the effect of current LB status on mental health (p < 0.05). In terms of previously LB adolescents, parent–adolescent communication was a standalone mediator (p < 0.01) and the serial mediation effect of parent–adolescent communication and school bullying victimisation was significant. Conclusions Lack of parent–adolescent communication and school bullying victimisation acted as risk factors for the negative effect of LB status or experience on adolescent mental health. The importance of these two interpersonal factors motivates future intervention initiatives to support the mental health of LB adolescents from an integrated perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonpharmaceutical interventions are important for addressing the psychosocial needs of children living with atopic dermatitis (AD). The current study aimed to investigate the effects of an integrative body–mind–spirit (IBMS) intervention on the subjective experiences of affected children and explore the mechanisms underlying the effects. Using a drawing-based, qualitative approach, the current study conducted two rounds of interviews with 13 children (aged 8–12 years) diagnosed with moderate or severe AD before and after they attended the IBMS intervention. Data were analyzed by using the thematic analysis method. The IBMS intervention worked by changing participants' perceptions at the cognitive level, improving their coping strategies at the behavioral level, and constructing their social support network at the environmental level. Cognitive, behavioral, and environmental factors might mediate the relationships between the IBMS intervention and participants' psychological and physical outcomes. This study highlighted the wider inclusion of child-centered qualitative research in the evaluation of the effects of psychosocial interventions designed for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strengths of drawing‐based approaches for encouraging children's participation in health research and facilitating communication with them have been increasingly acknowledged in the medical literature. However, there is a lack of methodological discussion on drawing‐based approaches suitable for researching children living with physical health problems. The present study systematically reviewed qualitative research using drawing‐based approaches on the experiences of children living with physical health problems and summarised how the approaches were used as well. We identified 54 studies from five databases. The characteristics of qualitative methods and drawing‐based approaches were analysed. To obtain an overall understanding of the illness‐related experiences of these children, qualitative data generated from the included studies were synthesised using the thematic synthesis approach. This systematic review highlights the appropriateness and accuracy of the use of drawings‐based approaches in health research with children on their illness‐related experiences, fostering inclusive participation and engagement of young generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Involving parents and children in mindfulness-based interventions may holistically benefit family well-being. This meta-analysis systematically reviews and synthesizes the effects of mindfulness-based parallel-group (MBPG) interventions, which simultaneously involve parent and child, on family functioning, and the mental health of parents and children. Methods: A total of 20 relevant studies were identified from 14 databases. The overall intervention effect size was estimated by pooled standardized mean difference. Moderator analyses were performed to explain the variability in intervention effects. Risk of bias and publication bias were also assessed. Results: MBPG interventions showed minor-to-small positive effects on family functioning (d = 0.182, 95% CI [0.045, 0.319]), parental mental health (d = 0.238, 95% CI [0.110, 0.365]), and child mental health (d = 0.325, 95% CI [0.137, 0.513]). The effects of MBPG interventions on child mental health varied significantly by child age, child gender, recruitment setting, type of parent group, other activities in child group, other activities in parent group, and study design. Conclusions: MBPG interventions show promising effects in improving mental health of both parents and children as well as in improving overall family functioning. However, significant variations exist in characteristics of participants, interventions, and study designs. Given the limited evidence currently available, more studies are needed to assess the determinants of effectiveness in MBPG interventions. Protocol Registration: PROSPERO #CRD42020164927 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has been shown to predict the coupling of depression and inflammation in adulthood. Trust within intimate relationships, a core element in marital relations, has been shown to predict positive physical and mental health outcomes, but the mediating role of trust in partners in the association between CSA and inflammation in adulthood requires further study. The present study aimed to examine the impact of CSA on inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6 and IL-1β) in adults with depression and the mediating role of trust. A cross-sectional survey data set of adults presenting with mood and sleep disturbance was used in the analysis. CSA demonstrated a significant negative correlation with IL-6 level (r = -0.28, p<0. 01) in adults with clinically significant depression, while trust showed a significant positive correlation with IL-6 level (r = 0.36, p <.01). Sobel test and bootstrapping revealed a significant mediating role for trust between CSA and IL-6 level. CSA and trust in partners were revealed to have significant associations with IL-6 level in adulthood. Counterintuitively, the directions of association were not those expected. Trust played a mediating role between CSA and adulthood levels of IL-6. Plausible explanations for these counterintuitive findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atopic dermatitis (AD) imposes significant physical and psychosocial burdens on affected children. However, little has been done to learn from the subjective experiences, perspectives and emotions of children living with AD. Their voices are not heard in healthcare settings. This study aims to share these children's voices and provide a deep understanding of the subjective experiences of children living with AD. We conducted qualitative research by conducting semi‐structured interviews and analysing the drawings of 17 children in Hong Kong aged between 8 and 12 years who were diagnosed with AD. Using a phenomenological approach, we transcribed, coded and described the interviews. We found that for the children in this study, living with AD meant contending with an accumulation of challenges and crises. At the individual level, the essential experience of living with AD manifested a vicious cycle of skin and mental issues. At the family level, conflicts between children and parents concerning AD management coexisted with parental support. The children commonly experienced bullying and isolation in school and discrimination and stigmatisation in their neighbourhood, thereby making living with AD a traumatic experience. The synergy between individual and environmental factors contributed to shaping an incapable and wounded "self" living with AD. Based on our findings, we propose a child‐centred biopsychosocial framework for understanding the living experiences of children with AD. This study suggests different practice strategies for healthcare professionals working with the individual challenges experienced by children living with AD and the challenges these children experience in their family, school, and neighbourhood. The needs of these children should be addressed through an integrated, holistic approach for improving their long‐term health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessing the psychological effects on children and adolescents of suffering atopic dermatitis (AD) is essential, when planning successful management. This study aimed to systematically review the literature regarding risk of mental disorders in children and adolescents with, or without, AD; and to explore confounders. We identified potentially relevant studies from EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ERIC, the British Nursing Index, the Family and Society Studies Worldwide, the Social Work Abstracts, and the Sociological Abstracts from inception to Sep 30, 2018. Investigators independently screened titles and abstracts, and then full-texts. Investigators independently extracted data from included studies. Meta-analyses using random-effects models were performed, reporting odds ratios (ORs; 95% CIs). Thirty-seven studies (n = 2,068,911 children/ adolescents) were included. Meta-analysis of 35 studies found that children and adolescents with AD had significantly higher risk of total mental disorders than those without AD (OR = 1.652; 95% CI, 1.463–1.864). There was no significant difference in risks for ADHD (OR = 1.563; 95% CI, 1.382–1.769); sleep disorders (OR = 2.100; 95% CI, 1.322–3.336); anxiety (OR = 1.339; 95% CI, 1.062–1.687); depression (OR = 1.402 95% CI, 1.256–1.565); conduct disorder (OR = 1.494 95% CI, 1.230–1.815); or ASD (OR = 2.574; 95% CI, 1.469–4.510; Q b = 8.344, p = 0.138). Race/ethnicity of child, target of comparison, type of studies, representativeness of the sample, measures of AD and mental disorders were significant moderators for total mental disorders. Integrated, holistic, multidisciplinary management of pediatric AD is significantly important, which emphasizes the well-being of the whole person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the quality of life of Chinese migrant children and to explore whether social capital mediates the relationship between a child's migration status and quality of life. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a district of Shanghai, China. Based on a sample consists of 1,577 Chinese children in fourth to sixth grade, we used multivariable linear regression to examine the associations and mechanisms among migration, social capital and quality of life. Migrant children reported lower scores for quality of life than their urban counterparts. However, we identified higher levels of neighbourhood social cohesion, trust in their school and neighbourhood, and higher level of maternal autonomy support can mediate the damaging effects of migration status on quality of life. The results indicate that hukou restrictions put migrant children at a disadvantageous position and negatively affect their quality of life. While their migration status is unlikely to change soon, we found that higher levels of certain social capital can alleviate the negative effects of migration status on children's quality of life, and thus can be utilised for welfare programme design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify lifestyle patterns in emerging adults and examine the association of lifestyle patterns with overweight and depression. Methods: Data was from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2011 and 2018. A latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted with 2,268 US emerging adults based on sedentary behavior, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, diet, sleep, alcohol drinking, and cigarette smoking. The associations of lifestyle groups with overweight and depression were examined by logistic regression and were further stratified by employment status. Results: The LCA results favored a four-class solution: "unhealthy but non-substance use" (59%), "healthy but sleepless and drinking" (12%), "unhealthy lifestyle" (15%), and "healthy but sedentary" group (14%). Compared to the "unhealthy lifestyle" group, participants in the "unhealthy but non-substance use" (coef. = -1.44, SE = 0.27; OR = 0.40, 95% CI [0.26, 0.61]), "healthy but sleepless and drinking" (coef. = -1.49, SE = 0.35; OR = 0.38, 95% CI [0.20, 0.72]), and "healthy but sedentary" (coef. = -1.97, SE = 0.34; OR = 0.29, 95% CI [0.14, 0.57]) groups had lower depression severity and reported fewer depressive symptoms. Moreover, lifestyle groups and health outcomes showed different relationships among employed and unemployed participants. Conclusion: This study found that the combinations of lifestyle behaviors had synergistic effects on mental health, and such effects differed by employment status., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Xie, Fan, Luo and Chen.)

Objectives: Parents are often torn between their parenting roles in the family and working roles at the workplace. This study focused on the associations of parental employment with children's screen time (ST) on weekdays, weekends, and during the entire week. Methods: Unbalanced panel data including 2,977 children (aged 0-17 years) from five waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey data from 2004 to 2015 were utilized. Two-way fixed effects models were fitted to examine the associations of parental employment status, working hours, and overwork with children's ST. Results: Compared to unemployment status, maternal formal employment positively predicted children's ST on both weekdays and weekends, while maternal informal employment was associated with increased children's ST on weekends. The more hours they worked, the more time their children spent using screens. Neither employment status nor the overwork of fathers was significant. Conclusion: Parental employment, especially maternal employment, was linked with the ST of children. More childcare-friendly labor policies are needed to promote healthy lifestyles among the next generation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Xie, Luo, Chen and Zhou.)

Context: Parent-child book reading (PCBR) is effective at improving young children's language, literacy, brain, and cognitive development. The psychosocial effects of PCBR interventions are unclear., Objective: To systematically review and synthesize the effects of PCBR interventions on psychosocial functioning of children and parents., Data Sources: We searched ERIC, PsycINFO, Medline, Embase, PubMed, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, Social Services Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts, Family and Society Studies Worldwide, and Social Work Abstracts. We hand searched references of previous literature reviews., Study Selection: Randomized controlled trials., Data Extraction: By using a standardized coding scheme, data were extracted regarding sample, intervention, and study characteristics., Results: We included 19 interventions (3264 families). PCBR interventions improved the psychosocial functioning of children and parents compared with controls (standardized mean difference: 0.185; 95% confidence interval: 0.077 to 0.293). The assumption of homogeneity was rejected ( Q = 40.010; P < .01). Two moderator variables contributed to between-group variance: method of data collection (observation less than interview; Q b = 7.497; P < .01) and rater (reported by others less than self-reported; Q b = 21.368; P < .01). There was no significant difference between effects of PCBR interventions on psychosocial outcomes of parents or children ( Q b = 0.376; P = .540)., Limitations: The ratio of moderating variables to the included studies limited interpretation of the findings., Conclusions: PCBR interventions are positively and significantly beneficial to the psychosocial functioning of both children and parents., Competing Interests: POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors have indicated they have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2018 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.)