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1. Immunomodulators for immunocompromised patients hospitalized for COVID-19: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsResearch in context

Author

Ilias I. Siempos, Andre C. Kalil, Drifa Belhadi, Viviane Cordeiro Veiga, Alexandre Biasi Cavalcanti, Westyn Branch-Elliman, Eleni Papoutsi, Konstantinos Gkirgkiris, Nikoleta A. Xixi, Anastasia Kotanidou, Olivier Hermine, Raphaël Porcher, Xavier Mariette, Philippe Ravaud, Serge Bureau, Maxime Dougados, Matthieu Resche-Rigon, Pierre-Louis Tharaux, Annick Tibi, Elie Azoulay, Jacques Cadranel, Joseph Emmerich, Muriel Fartoukh, Bertrand Guidet, Marc Humbert, Karine Lacombe, Matthieu Mahevas, Frédéric Pene, Valerie Pourchet-Martinez, Frédéric Schlemmer, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Gabriel Baron, Elodie Perrodeau, Damien Vanhoye, Cécile Kedzia, Lauren Demerville, Anne Gysembergh-Houal, Alexandre Bourgoin, Nabil Raked, Lakhdar Mameri, Claire Montlahuc, Lucie Biard, St.phanie Alary, Samir Hamiria, Thinhinane Bariz, Hala Semri, Dhiaa Meriem Hai, Moustafa Benafla, Mohamed Belloul, Pernelle Vauboin, Saskia Flamand, Claire Pacheco, Anouk Walter-Petrich, Emilia Stan, Souad Benarab, Corine Nyanou, Robin Charreteur, Céline Dupre, Kévin Cardet, Blandine Lehmann, Kamyl Baghli, Claire Madelaine, Eric D'Ortenzio, Oriane Puéchal, Caroline Semaille, Laurent Savale, Anatole Harrois, Samy Figueiredo, Jacques Duranteau, Nadia Anguel, Arthur Pavot, Xavier Monnet, Christian Richard, Jean-Louis Teboul, Philippe Durand, Pierre Tissieres, Mitja Jevnikar, David Montani, Stephan Pavy, Gaétane Nocturne, Samuel Bitoun, Nicolas Noel, Olivier Lambotte, Lelia Escaut, Stephane Jauréguiberry, Elodie Baudry, Christiane Verny, Edouard Lefevre, Mohamad Zaidan, Domitille Molinari, Gaël Leprun, Alain Fourreau, Laurent Cylly, Lamiae Grimaldi, Myriam Virlouvet, Ramdane Meftali, Soléne Fabre, Marion Licois, Asmaa Mamoune, Yacine Boudali, Clotilde Le Tiec, Céline Verstuyft, Anne-Marie Roques, Sophie Georgin-Lavialle, Patricia Senet, Gilles Pialoux, Angele Soria, Antoine Parrot, Helene François, Nathalie Rozensztajn, Emmanuelle Blin, Pascaline Choinier, Juliette Camuset, Jean-Simon Rech, Antony Canellas, Camille Rolland-Debord, Nadege Lemarié, Nicolas Belaube, Marine Nadal, Martin Siguier, Camille Petit-Hoang, Julie Chas, Elodie Drouet, Matthieu Lemoine, Audrey Phibel, Lucie Aunay, Eliane Bertrand, Sylviane Ravato, Marie Vayssettes, Anne Adda, Celine Wilpotte, Pélagie Thibaut, Julie Fillon, Isabelle Debrix, Soraya Fellahi, Jean-Philippe Bastard, Guillaume Lefévre, Jacques-Eric Gottenberg, Yves Hansmann, Frédéric Blanc, Sophie Ohlmann-Caillard, Vincent Castelain, Emmanuel Chatelus, Eva Chatron, Olivier Collange, François Danion, Frédéric De Blay, Pierre Diemunsch, Sophie Diemunsch, Renaud Felten, Bernard Goichot, Valentin Greigert, Aurelien Guffroy, Bob Heger, Charlotte Kaeuffer, Loic Kassegne, Anne Sophie Korganow, Pierrick Le Borgne, Nicolas Lefebvre, Paul-Michel Mertes, Eric Noll, Mathieu Oberlin, Vincent Poindron, Julien Pottecher, Yvon Ruch, François Weill, Nicolas Meyer, Emmanuel Andres, Eric Demonsant, Hakim Tayebi, Gabriel Nisand, Stéphane Brin, Cédric Sublon, Guillaume Becker, Anne Hutt, Tristan Martin, Sophie Bayer, Catherine Metzger, Arsene Mekinian, Noémie Abisror, Amir Adedjouma, Diane Bollens, Marion Bonneton, Nathalie Bourcicaux, Anne Bourrier, Maria Chauchard Thibault Chiarabiani, Doroth.e Chopin, Jonathan Cohen, Ines Devred, Bruno Donadille, Olivier Fain, Geoffrey Hariri, Vincent Jachiet, Patrick Ingliz, Marc Garnier, Marc Gatfosse, Etienne Ghrenassia, Delphine Gobert, Jessica Krause le Garrec, Cecilia Landman, Jean Remy Lavillegrand, Benedicte Lefebvre, Thibault Mahevas, Sandie Mazerand, Jean Luc Meynard, Marjolaine Morgand, Zineb Ouaz.ne, Jerome Pacanowski, S.bastien Riviere, Philippe Seksik, Harry Sokol, Heithem Soliman, Nadia Valin, Thomas Urbina, Chloé McAvoy, Maria Pereira Miranda, Gladys Aratus, Laurence Berard, Tabassome Simon, Anne Daguenel Nguyen, Elise Girault, Cl.mentine Mayala-Kanda, Marie Antignac, Céline Leplay, Jean-Benoit Arlet, Jean-Luc Diehl, Florence Bellenfant, Anne Blanchard, Alexandre Buffet, Bernard Cholley, Antoine Fayol, Edouard Flamarion, Anne Godier, Thomas Gorget, Sophie-Rym Hamada, Caroline Hauw-Berlemont, Jean-Sébastien Hulot, David Lebeaux, Marine Livrozet, Adrien Michon, Arthur Neuschwander, Marie-Aude Pennet, Benjamin Planquette, Brigitte Ranque, Olivier Sanchez, Geoffroy Volle, Sandrine Briois, Mathias Cornic, Virginie Elisee, Jesuthasan Denis, Juliette Djadi-Prat, Pauline Jouany, Ramon Junquera, Mickael Henriques, Amina Kebir, Isabelle Lehir, Jeanne Meunier, Florence Patin, Val.rie Paquet, Anne Tréhan, Véronique Vigna, Brigitte Sabatier, Damien Bergerot, Charléne Jouve, Camille Knosp, Olivia Lenoir, Nassim Mahtal, Léa Resmini, Xavier Lescure, Jade Ghosn, Antoine Bachelard, Anne Rachline, Valentina Isernia, Bao-chau, Phung, Dorothée Vallois, Aurelie Sautereau, Catherine Neukrich, Antoine Dossier, Raphaël Borie, Bruno Crestani, Gregory Ducrocq, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Philippe Dieude, Thomas Papo, Estelle Marcault, Marhaba Chaudhry, Charléne Da Silveira, Annabelle Metois, Ismahan Mahenni, Meriam Meziani, Cyndie Nilusmas, Sylvie Le Gac, Awa Ndiaye, Fran.oise Louni, Malikhone Chansombat, Zelie Julia, Solaya Chalal, Lynda Chalal, Laura Kramer, Jeniffer Le Grand, Kafif Ouifiya, Valentine Piquard, Sarah Tubiana, Yann Nguyen, Vasco Honsel, Emmanuel Weiss, Anais Codorniu, Virginie Zarrouk, Victoire de Lastours, Matthieu Uzzan, Naura Gamany, Agathe Claveirole, Alexandre Navid, Tiffanie Fouque, Yonathan Cohen, Maya Lupo, Constance Gilles, Roza Rahli, Zeina Louis, David Boutboul, Lionel Galicier, Yaël Amara, Gabrielle Archer, Amira Benattia, Anne Bergeron, Louise Bondeelle, Nathalie de Castro, Melissa Clément, Michaël Darmon, Blandine Denis, Clairelyne Dupin, Elsa Feredj, Delphine Feyeux, Adrien Joseph, Etienne Lenglin, Pierre Le Guen, Geoffroy Liégeon, Gwenaël Lorillon, Asma Mabrouki, Eric Mariotte, Grégoire Martin de Frémont, Adrien Mirouse, Jean-Michel Molina, Régis Peffault de Latour, Eric Oksenhendler, Julien Saussereau, Abdellatif Tazi, Jean-Jacques Tudesq, Lara Zafrani, Isabelle Brindele, Emmanuelle Bugnet, Karine Celli Lebras, Julien Chabert, Lamia Djaghout, Catherine Fauvaux, Anne Lise Jegu, Ewa Kozakiewicz, Martine Meunier, Marie-Thérèse Tremorin, Claire Davoine, Isabelle Madelaine, Sophie Caillat-Zucman, Constance Delaugerre, Florence Morin, Damien Sène, Ruxandra Burlacu, Benjamin Chousterman, Bruno Mégarbanne, Pascal Richette, Jean-Pierre Riveline, Aline Frazier, Eric Vicaut, Laure Berton, Tassadit Hadjam, Miguel Alejandro Vazquez-Ibarra, Clément Jourdaine, Olivia Tran, Véronique Jouis, Aude Jacob, Julie Smati, Stéphane Renaud, Claire Pernin, Lydia Suarez, Luca Semerano, Sébastien Abad, Ruben B. nainous, Nicolas Bonnet, Celine Comparon, Yves Cohen, Hugues Cordel, Robin Dhote, Nathalie Dournon, Boris Duchemann, Nathan Ebstein, Thomas Gille, Benedicte Giroux-Leprieur, Jeanne Goupil de Bouille, Hilario Nunes, Johanna Oziel, Dominique Roulot, Lucile Sese, ClaireTantet, Yurdagul Uzunhan, Coralie Bloch-Queyrat, Vincent Levy, Fadhila Messani, Mohammed Rahaoui, Myléne Petit, Sabrina Brahmi, Vanessa Rathoin, Marthe Rigal, Nathalie Costedoat-Chalumeau, Liem Binh Luong, Zakaria Ait Hamou, Sarah Benghanem, Philippe Blanche, Nicolas Carlier, Benjamin Chaigne, Remy Gauzit, Hassan Joumaa, Mathieu Jozwiak, Marie Lachétre, Hélène Lafoeste, Odie Launay, Paul Legendre, Jonathan Marey, Caroline Morbieu, Lola-Jade Palmieri, Tali-Anne Szwebel, Hendy Abdoul, Alexandra Bruneau, Audrey Beclin-Clabaux, Charly Larrieu, Pierre Montanari, Eric Dufour, Ada Clarke, Catherine Le Bourlout, Nathalie Marin, Nathalie Menage, Samira Saleh-Mghir, Mamadou Salif Cisse, Kahina Cheref, Corinne Guerin, Jérémie Zerbit, Marc Michel, Sébastien Gallien, Etienne Crickx, Benjamin Le Vavasseur, Emmanuelle Kempf, Karim Jaffal, William Vindrios, Julie Oniszczuk, Constance Guillaud, Pascal Lim, Elena Fois, Giovanna Melica, Marie Matignon, Maud Jalabert, Jean-Daniel Lelièvre, David Schmitz, Marion Bourhis, Sylia Belazouz, Laetitia Languille, Caroline Boucle, Nelly Cita, Agnés Didier, Fahem Froura, Katia Ledudal, Thiziri Sadaoui, Alaki Thiemele, Delphine Le Febvre De Bailly, Muriel Carvhalo Verlinde, Julien Mayaux, Patrice Cacoub, David Saadoun, Mathieu Vautier, Héléne Bugaut, Olivier Benveniste, Yves Allenbach, Gaëlle Leroux, Aude Rigolet, Perrine Guillaume-Jugnot, Fanny Domont, Anne Claire Desbois, Chloé Comarmond, Nicolas Champtiaux, Segolene Toquet, Amine Ghembaza, Matheus Vieira, Georgina Maalouf, Goncalo Boleto, Yasmina Ferfar, Jean-Christophe Corvol, C.line Louapre, Sara Sambin, Louise-Laure Mariani, Carine Karachi, Florence Tubach, Candice Estellat, Linda Gimeno, Karine Martin, Aicha Bah, Vixra Keo, Sabrine Ouamri, Yasmine Messaoudi, Nessima Yelles, Pierre Faye, Sebastien Cavelot, Cecile Larcheveque, Laurence Annonay, Jaouad Benhida, Aida Zahrate-Ghoul, Soumeya Hammal, Ridha Belilita, Fanny Charbonnier, Claire Aguilar, Fanny Alby-Laurent, Carole Burger, Clara Campos-Vega, Nathalie Chavarot, Benjamin Fournier, Claire Rouzaud, Damien Vimpére, Caroline Elie, Prissile Bakouboula, Laure Choupeaux, Sophie Granville, Elodie Issorat, Christine Broissand, Marie-Alexandra Alyanakian, Guillaume Geri, Nawal Derridj, Naima Sguiouar, Hakim Meddah, Mourad Djadel, Héléne Chambrin-Lauvray, Jean-Charles Duclos-vallée, Faouzi Saliba, Sophie-Caroline Sacleux, Ilias Kounis, Sonia Tamazirt, Eric Rudant, Jean-Marie Michot, Annabelle Stoclin, Emeline Colomba, Fanny Pommeret, Christophe Willekens, Rosa Da Silva, Valérie Dejean, Yasmina Mekid, Ines Ben-Mabrouk, Florence Netzer, Caroline Pradon, Laurence Drouard, Valérie Camara-Clayette, Alexandre Morel, Gilles Garcia, Abolfazl Mohebbi, Férial Berbour, Mélanie Dehais, Anne-Lise Pouliquen, Alison Klasen, Loren Soyez-Herkert, Jonathan London, Younes Keroumi, Emmanuelle Guillot, Guillaume Grailles, Younes El amine, Fanny Defrancq, Hanane Fodil, Chaouki Bouras, Dominique Dautel, Nicolas Gambier, Thierno Dieye, Boris Bienvenu, Victor Lancon, Laurence Lecomte, Kristina Beziriganyan, Belkacem Asselate, Laure Allanic, Elena Kiouris, Marie-Héléne Legros, Christine Lemagner, Pascal Martel, Vincent Provitolo, Félix Ackermann, Mathilde Le Marchand, Aurélie Chan Hew Wai, Dimitri Fremont, Elisabeth Coupez, Mireille Adda, Frédéric Duée, Lise Bernard, Antoine Gros, Estelle Henry, Claire Courtin, Anne Pattyn, Pierre-Grégoire Guinot, Marc Bardou, Agnes Maurer, Julie Jambon, Amélie Cransac, Corinne Pernot, Bruno Mourvillier, Eric Marquis, Philippe Benoit, Damien Roux, Coralie Gernez, Cécile Yelnik, Julien Poissy, Mandy Nizard, Fanette Denies, Helene Gros, Jean-Jacques Mourad, Emmanuelle Sacco, Sophie Renet, F. Ader, Y. Yazdanpanah, F. Mentre, N. Peiffer-Smadja, F.X. Lescure, J. Poissy, L. Bouadma, J.F. Timsit, B. Lina, F. Morfin-Sherpa, M. Bouscambert, A. Gaymard, G. Peytavin, L. Abel, J. Guedj, C. Andrejak, C. Burdet, C. Laouenan, D. Belhadi, A. Dupont, T. Alfaiate, B. Basli, A. Chair, S. Laribi, J. Level, M. Schneider, M.C. Tellier, A. Dechanet, D. Costagliola, B. Terrier, M. Ohana, S. Couffin-Cadiergues, H. Esperou, C. Delmas, J. Saillard, C. Fougerou, L. Moinot, L. Wittkop, C. Cagnot, S. Le Mestre, D. Lebrasseur-Longuet, V. Petrov-Sanchez, A. Diallo, N. Mercier, V. Icard, B. Leveau, S. Tubiana, B. Hamze, A. Gelley, M. Noret, E. D’Ortenzio, O. Puechal, C. Semaille, T. Welte, J.A. Paiva, M. Halanova, M.P. Kieny, E. Balssa, C. Birkle, S. Gibowski, E. Landry, A. Le Goff, L. Moachon, C. Moins, L. Wadouachi, C. Paul, A. Levier, D. Bougon, F. Djossou, L. Epelboin, J. Dellamonica, C.H. Marquette, C. Robert, S. Gibot, E. Senneville, V. Jean-Michel, Y. Zerbib, C. Chirouze, A. Boyer, C. Cazanave, D. Gruson, D. Malvy, P. Andreu, J.P. Quenot, N. Terzi, K. Faure, C. Chabartier, V. Le Moing, K. Klouche, T. Ferry, F, Valour, B. Gaborit, E. Canet, P. Le Turnier, D. Boutoille, F. Bani-Sadr, F. Benezit, M. Revest, C. Cameli, A. Caro, MJ Ngo Um Tegue, Y. Le Tulzo, B. Laviolle, F. Laine, G. Thiery, F. Meziani, Y. Hansmann, W. Oulehri, C. Tacquard, F. Vardon-Bounes, B. Riu-Poulenc, M. Murris-Espin, L. Bernard, D. Garot, O. Hinschberger, M. Martinot, C. Bruel, B. Pilmis, O. Bouchaud, P. Loubet, C. Roger, X. Monnet, S. Figueiredo, V. Godard, J.P. Mira, M. Lachatre, S. Kerneis, J. Aboab, N. Sayre, F. Crockett, D. Lebeaux, A. Buffet, J.L. Diehl, A. Fayol, J.S. Hulot, M. Livrozet, A Mekontso- Dessap, C. Ficko, F. Stefan, J. Le Pavec, J. Mayaux, H. Ait-Oufella, J.M. Molina, G. Pialoux, M. Fartoukh, J. Textoris, M. Brossard, A. Essat, E. Netzer, Y. Riault, M. Ghislain, L. Beniguel, M. Genin, L. Gouichiche, C. Betard, L. Belkhir, A. Altdorfer, V Fraipont Centro, S. Braz, JM Ferreira Ribeiro, R Roncon Alburqueque, M. Berna, M. Alexandre, B. Lamprecht, A. Egle, R. Greil, M. Joannidis, Thomas F. Patterson, Philip O. Ponce, Barbara S. Taylor, Jan E. Patterson, Jason E. Bowling, Heta Javeri, LuAnn Larson, Angela Hewlett, Aneesh K. Mehta, Nadine G. Rouphael, Youssef Saklawi, Nicholas Scanlon, Jessica J. Traenkner, Ronald P. Trible, Jr., Emmanuel B. Walter, Noel Ivey, Thomas L. Holland, Guillermo M. Ruiz-Palacios, Alfredo Ponce de León, Sandra Rajme, Lanny Hsieh, Alpesh N. Amin, Miki Watanabe, Helen S. Lee, Susan Kline, Joanne Billings, Brooke Noren, Hyun Kim, Tyler D. Bold, Victor Tapson, Jonathan Grein, Fayyaz Sutterwala, Nicole Iovine, Lars K. Beattie, Rebecca Murray Wakeman, Matthew Shaw, Mamta K. Jain, Satish Mocherla, Jessica Meisner, Amneris Luque, Daniel A. Sweeney, Constance A. Benson, Farhana Ali, Robert L. Atmar, Hana M. El Sahly, Jennifer Whitaker, Ann R. Falsey, Angela R. Branche, Cheryl Rozario, Justino Regalado Pineda, José Arturo Martinez-Orozco, David Chien Lye, Sean WX. Ong, Po Ying Chia, Barnaby E. Young, Uriel Sandkovsky, Mezgebe Berhe, Clinton Haley, Emma Dishner, Valeria D. Cantos, Colleen F. Kelley, Paulina A. Rebolledo Esteinou, Sheetal Kandiah, Sarah B. Doernberg, Pierre-Cedric B. Crouch, Hannah Jang, Anne F. Luetkemeyer, Jay Dwyer, Stuart H. Cohen, George R. Thompson, 3rd, Hien H. Nguyen, Robert W. Finberg, Jennifer P. Wang, Juan Perez-Velazquez, Mireya Wessolossky, Patrick E.H. Jackson, Taison D. Bell, Miranda J. West, Babafemi Taiwo, Karen Krueger, Johnny Perez, Triniece Pearson, Catharine I. Paules, Kathleen G. Julian, Danish Ahmad, Alexander G. Hajduczok, Henry Arguinchona, Christa Arguinchona, Nathaniel Erdmann, Paul Goepfert, Neera Ahuja, Maria G. Frank, David Wyles, Heather Young, Myoung-don Oh, Wan Beom Park, Chang Kyung Kang, Vincent Marconi, Abeer Moanna, Sushma Cribbs, Telisha Harrison, Eu Suk Kim, Jongtak Jung, Kyoung-Ho Song, Hong Bin Kim, Seow Yen Tan, Humaira Shafi, MF Jaime Chien, Raymond KC. Fong, Daniel D. Murray, Jens Lundgren, Henrik Nielsen, Tomas Jensen, Barry S. Zingman, Robert Grossberg, Paul F. Riska, Otto O. Yang, Jenny Ahn, Rubi Arias, Rekha R. Rapaka, Naomi Hauser, James D. Campbell, William R. Short, Pablo Tebas, Jillian T. Baron, Susan L.F. McLellan, Lucas S. Blanton, Justin B. Seashore, C. Buddy Creech, Todd W. Rice, Shannon Walker, Isaac P. Thomsen, Diego Lopez de Castilla, Jason W. Van Winkle, Francis X. Riedo, Surinder Kaur Pada, Alvin DY. Wang, Li Lin, Michelle Harkins, Gregory Mertz, Nestor Sosa, Louis Yi Ann Chai, Paul Anantharajah Tambyah, Sai Meng Tham, Sophia Archuleta, Gabriel Yan, David A. Lindholm, Ana Elizabeth Markelz, Katrin Mende, Richard Mularski, Elizabeth Hohmann, Mariam Torres-Soto, Nikolaus Jilg, Ryan C. Maves, Gregory C. Utz, Sarah L. George, Daniel F. Hoft, James D. Brien, Roger Paredes, Lourdes Mateu, Cora Loste, Princy Kumar, Sarah Thornton, Sharmila Mohanraj, Noreen A. Hynes, Lauren M. Sauer, Christopher J. Colombo, Christina Schofield, Rhonda E. Colombo, Susan E. Chambers, Richard M. Novak, Andrea Wendrow, Samir K. Gupta, Tida Lee, Tahaniyat Lalani, Mark Holodniy, Aarthi Chary, Nikhil Huprikar, Anuradha Ganesan, Norio Ohmagari, Ayako Mikami, D. Ashley Price, Christopher J.A. Duncan, Kerry Dierberg, Henry J. Neumann, Stephanie N. Taylor, Alisha Lacour, Najy Masri, Edwin Swiatlo, Kyle Widmer, James D. Neaton, Mary Bessesen, David S. Stephens, Timothy H. Burgess, Timothy M. Uyeki, Robert Walker, G. Lynn Marks, Anu Osinusi, Huyen Cao, Anabela Cardoso, Stephanie de Bono, Douglas E. Schlichting, Kevin K. Chung, Jennifer L. Ferreira, Michelle Green, Mat Makowski, Michael R. Wierzbicki, Tom M. Conrad, Jill Ann El-Khorazaty, Heather Hill, Tyler Bonnett, Nikki Gettinger, Theresa Engel, Teri Lewis, Jing Wang, John H. Beigel, Kay M. Tomashek, Varduhi Ghazaryan, Tatiana Beresnev, Seema Nayak, Lori E. Dodd, Walla Dempsey, Effie Nomicos, Marina Lee, Rhonda Pikaart-Tautges, Mohamed Elsafy, Robert Jurao, Hyung Koo, Michael Proschan, Tammy Yokum, Janice Arega, Ruth Florese, Jocelyn D. Voell, Richard Davey, Ruth C. Serrano, Zanthia Wiley, Varun K. Phadke, Paul A. Goepfert, Carlos A. Gomez, Theresa A. Sofarelli, Laura Certain, Hannah N. Imlay, Cameron R. Wolfe, Emily R. Ko, John J. Engemann, Nora Bautista Felix, Claire R. Wan, Sammy T. Elmor, Laurel R. Bristow, Michelle S. Harkins, Nicole M. Iovine, Marie-Carmelle Elie-Turenne, Victor F. Tapson, Pyoeng Gyun Choe, Richard A. Mularski, Kevin S. Rhie, Rezhan H. Hussein, Dilek Ince, Patricia L. Winokur, Jin Takasaki, Sho Saito, Kimberly McConnell, PharmD, David L. Wyles, Ellen Sarcone, Kevin A. Grimes, Katherine Perez, Charles Janak, Jennifer A. Whitaker, Paulina A. Rebolledo, John Gharbin, Allison A. Lambert, Diego F. Zea, Emma Bainbridge, David C. Hostler, Jordanna M. Hostler, Brian T. Shahan, Evelyn Ling, Minjoung Go, Fleesie A. Hubbard, Melony Chakrabarty, Maryrose Laguio-Vila, Edward E. Walsh, Faheem Guirgis, Vincent C. Marconi, Christian Madar, Scott A. Borgetti, Corri Levine, Joy Nock, Keith Candiotti, Julia Rozman, Fernando Dangond, Yann Hyvert, Andrea Seitzinger, Kaitlyn Cross, Stephanie Pettibone, Seema U. Nayak, and Gregory A. Deye

Subjects
Acute respiratory distress syndrome, Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, Pneumonia, Critically ill, Cancer, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Summary: Background: Although immunomodulators have established benefit against the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in general, it is uncertain whether such agents improve outcomes without increasing the risk of secondary infections in the specific subgroup of previously immunocompromised patients. We assessed the effect of immunomodulators on outcomes of immunocompromised patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Methods: The protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022335397). MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and references of relevant articles were searched up to 01-06-2022. Authors of potentially eligible randomized controlled trials were contacted to provide data on immunocompromised patients randomized to immunomodulators vs control (i.e., placebo or standard-of-care). Findings: Eleven randomized controlled trials involving 397 immunocompromised patients hospitalized for COVID-19 were included. Ten trials had low risk of bias. There was no difference between immunocompromised patients randomized to immunomodulators vs control regarding mortality [30/182 (16.5%) vs 41/215 (19.1%); RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.61–1.41; p = 0.74], secondary infections (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.64–1.58; p = 0.99) and change in World Health Organization ordinal scale from baseline to day 15 (weighed mean difference 0.27, 95% CI -0.09–0.63; p = 0.15). In subgroup analyses including only patients with hematologic malignancy, only trials with low risk of bias, only trials administering IL-6 inhibitors, or only trials administering immunosuppressants, there was no difference between comparators regarding mortality. Interpretation: Immunomodulators, compared to control, were not associated with harmful or beneficial outcomes, including mortality, secondary infections, and change in ordinal scale, when administered to immunocompromised patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Funding: Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation.

Published
2024
Full Text
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2. Effect of anakinra versus usual care in adults in hospital with COVID-19 and mild-to-moderate pneumonia (CORIMUNO-ANA-1): a randomised controlled trial

Author

Mathieu Vautier, Florence Tubach, Marion Licois, Estelle Henry, Marie-Alexandra Alyanakian, Julien Poissy, Solaya Chalal, Anne Gysembergh-Houal, Stéphanie Alary, Sophie Diemunsch, Jonathan London, Camille Petit-Hoang, Ruben Benainous, Catherine Metzger, Olivier Benveniste, Hala Semri, Charléne Jouve, Robin Dhote, johann Cailhol, Elise Morawiec, Kristina Beziriganyan, Mathieu Oberlin, Paul Legendre, Hélène François, Claire Davoine, F Louni, Myriam Virlouvet, Stéphane Renaud, Christiane Verny, Bertrand Guidet, Bob Heger, Lara Zafrani, Pierre-Louis Tharaux, Mandy Nizard, Adrien Contejean, Segolene Toquet, Ulrich Clarac, Sylviane Ravato, Gaëtan Deslée, Frédéric De Blay, Christian Richard, Raphaël Porcher, Malikhone Chansombat, Marie Lachatre, Ines Ben-Mabrouk, Matthieu Uzzan, Lauren Demerville, Amélie Servettaz, Annabelle Pourbaix, Philippe Manivet, Fanny Charbonnier, Pierre-Grégoire Guinot, Alexandre Demoule, Nicolas Champtiaux, Nicolas Belaube, Jean-Pierre Riveline, Kamil Chitour, Joseph Emmerich, Arthur Neuschwander, Mickael Henriques, Anne Hutt, Arthur Pavot, Anne Rachline, Elena Fois, Audrey Phibel, Xavier Monnet, Jean-Charles Duclos-Vallée, Félix Ackermann, Maria Pereira, Anne Sophie Korganow, Elodie Drouet, Tabassome Simon, Morgane Faure, Anne Pattyn, Aida Zahrate-Ghoul, Karine Martin, Jean-Jacques Tudesq, Gladys Aratus, Kévin Cardet, Julien Pottecher, Eric Demonsant, Arsène Mekinian, Rémy Gauzit, Julie Smati, Robin Deleris, Jean-Simon Rech, Boris Bienvenu, Nicolas Lefebvre, Elodie Baudry, Nicolas Bonnet, Alexis Régent, François Weill, Lalia Djaghout, Anne Tréhan, Isabelle Lehir, Elena Kiouris, Sophie Renet, Yasmina Mekid, Vanessa Rathouin, David Montani, Annick Tibi, Anne Blanchard, Fanette Denies, Nathalie Menage, Guillaume Becker, Valérie Camara-Clayette, Loic Kassegne, Nathalie Chavarot, Aurélie Clan Hew Wai, Jeremy Arzoine, Louise Bondeelle, Mohamad Zaidan, S Lariven, Laurent Cylly, Edouard Flamarion, Chaouki Bouras, Florence Bellenfant, Melissa Clément, Lola-Jade Palmieri, Marie hélène Pari, Lionel Galicier, Valérie Dejean, Delphine Feyeux, Naima Sguiouar, Anne Bergeron, Laurence Annonay, Anouk Walter-Petrich, Camille Knosp, Laurence Drouard, Thiziri Sadaoui, Julie Delemazure, Antoine Parrot, Carole Burger, Laurence Berard, Nicolas Gambier, Eric Marquis, Isabelle Madeleine, Gwenaël Lorillon, Matthieu Resche-Rigon, Yves Hansmann, Claire Rouzaud, Hélène Gros, Sophie Caillat-Zucman, Bernard Cholley, Celine Wilpotte, Chistophe Willekens, Lydia Suarez, Syllia Belazouz, Valérie Pourchet-Martinez, Dhiaa Meriem Hai, Olivier Collange, Paul Jaubert, Marie-Thérèse Tremorin, Nathalie Marin, Diane Le Pluart, Madona Sakkal, Juliette Djadi-Prat, Alexandre Morel, Agathe Bounhiol, Xavier Jaïs, Nicolas Meyer, Vixra Keo, Michaël Darmont, Benedicte Giroux-Leprieur, Anatole Harrois, Anne Adda, Yaël Amara, Fanny Pommeret, Antony Canellas, Matheus Vieira, Clotilde Le Tiec Le Tiec, Corinne Pernot, Bernard Goichot, Céline Louapre, Roza Rahli, Anne Jacolot, Anne Daguenel-Nguyen, Marie Dubert, Anaïs Razurel, Aurelie Sautereau, Mitja Jevnikar, Pierre Faye, Jeanne CHAUFFiER, Mathieu Jozwiak, Laurent Savale, Florence Patin, Kahina Cheref, Mélanie Dehais, Paul Michel Mertes, Caroline Morbieu, Valérie Paquet, Dominique Roulot, Giovanna Melica, Pauline Jouany, Frédéric Schlemmer, Blandine Lehmann, Pascal Martel, Tomas Urbina, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Veronique Joly, Damien Bergerot, Claire Courtin, Benjamin Fournier, Guillaume Grailles, Asmaa Mamoune, Caroline Gaudefroy, Charlotte Kaeuffer, Bruno Crestani, Thinhinane Bariz, C Rioux, Karine Celli Lebras, Sophie Granville, Marion Bouhris, Hugues Cordel, Jean-Marie Michot, Mohamed Belloul, Nadège Lemarié, Philippe Dieudé, Sylvie Le Gac, Matthieu Mahévas, Pascal Richette, Anaïs Codorniu, Camille Rolland-Debord, Edouard Lefèvre, Sophie-Rym Hamada, Tristan Martin, Vincent Castelain, Aude Rigolet, Valentin Greigert, Gaelle Leroux, Simon Valayer, Eliane Bertrand, Eric Vicaut, Stéphane Brin, Jacques-Eric Gottenberg, Olivier Clovet, Marc Bardou, Muriel Fartoukh, Valentina Isernia, Ada Clarke, Bao Phung, Grégoire Martin de Frémont, Jeanne Meunier, Gonçalo Boleto, David Lebeaux, Hassan Tarhini, Asmaa Mabrouki, Pascaline Choinier, Etienne Canouï, Eric D'Ortenzio, Constance Guillaud, Corine Nyanou, Alexandre Moores, Linda Gimeno, Victoire De Lastours, F-Xavier Lescure, Claire Montlahuc, Sophie Georgin-Lavialle, A Soria, Xavier Mariette, Sophie Ismael, Prissile Bakouboula, Olivier Lambotte, Jérémie Zerbit, Aude Jacob, Z Julia, Nathalie Dournon, Marthe Rigal, Mireille Adda, Nathan Ebstein, Frédéric Duée, Helene Chambrin-Lauvray, Ramdane Meftali, Hélène Lafoeste, Coralie Bloch Queyrat, Sabrina Brahmi, Catherine Le Bourlout, Nicolas Noel, Emmanuelle Guillot, Hakim Tayebi, Sandrine Briois, Anne-Lise Pouliquen, Lakhdar Mameri, Sophie-Caroline Sacleux, Nathalie Rozensztajn, Lelia Escaut, Clément Jourdaine, Cédric Pierron, Marc Garnier, Yves Cohen, Abdellatif Tazi, Maxence Decavele, Paul Henri Grisot, Patrice Cacoub, Laure Allanic, Amira Benattia, Martin Siguier, Luca Semerano, Jean-Sébastien Hulot, Jean-Jacques Mourad, Sara Sambin, Miguel Alejandro Vasquez-Ibarra, Nabil Raked, Christine Lemagner, Martin Dres, Clara Campos-Vega, Tali-Anne Szwebel, Benjamin Chaigne, Emmanuel Andrès, Gabriel Steg, Frédéric Blanc, Isabelle Peigney, Catherine Fauvaux, Côme Bureau, Samira Saleh-Mghir, Julie Jambon, Pierre Dupland, Anne Lise Jegu, Mamadou Salif Cisse, Damien Roux, Moez Jallouli, Philippe Blanche, Sébastien Cavelot, Sophie Ohlmann-Caillard, Louise-Laure Mariani, Adrien Michon, Alain Wynckel, Saskia Flamand, Safaa Nemlaghi, Benjamin G. Chousterman, Geoffroy Volle, Cécile Kedzia, Fanny Domont, Lee S. Nguyen, Férial Berbour, Pierre Diemunsch, Celine Dupré, Etienne Lengliné, Claire Tantet, Gaël Leprun, Sara Virolle, Perrine Guillaume-Jugnot, Soumeya Hammal, B. Duchemann, Mathilde Le Marchand, Vincent Poindron, Victor Lancon, Ruxandra Burlacu, Guillaume Lefèvre, Kamyl Baghli, Emilia Stan, Yann Nguyen, Olivier Sanchez, Olivier Sitbon, Loren Soyez-Herkert, Fanny Defrancq, Véronique Vigna, Aurélien Guffroy, Martine Meunier, Pierre Mora, Léa Resmini, Liem Binh Luong Nguyen, Jean-Luc Diehl, Johanna Oziel, Emmanuelle Bugnet, Lamiae Grimaldi, Olivia Daconceicao, Marie Matignon, Mourad Djadel, Yasmine Messaoudi, Hassan Joumaa, Isabelle Dusanter, Sarah Benghanem, Julien Mayaux, Marc Michel, Claire Pernin, Antoine Gros, Nassim Mahtal, Philippe Benoit, Cloé Comarmond, Laurence Lecomte, Patricia Senet, Sebastien Abad, Jérôme Pacanowski, Céline Leplay, Claire Aguilar, Cédric Sublon, Jesuthasan Denis, Régis Peffault de Latour, Gabrielle Archer, Alain Fourreau, Emmanuelle Blin, Lise Bernard, Alexandra Beurton, Alexandre Buffet, Pierre Le Guen, Clairelyne Dupin, Olivier Fain, A Gervais, Marc Humbert, Yves Allenbach, Alexandre Bourgoin, Agnes Maurer, Eric Noll, Virginie Elisee, Adrien Mirouse, Cecile Larcheveque, Carine Karachi, Samy Figueiredo, Hakim Meddah, Greggory Ducrocq, Jeanne Goupil de Bouille, Awa Ndiaye, Jessica Krause le Garrec, Maxime Dougados, Yasmina Ferfar, Damien Vimpere, Olivier Olivier, Annabelle Stoclin, Jean-Louis Teboul, Ridha Belilita, Serge Bureau, Naura Gamany, Emeline Colomba, Baptiste Duceau, Philippe Ravaud, Corinne Guerin, Florence Morin, Pélagie Thibaut, Younes Keroumi, Julie Chas, Elisabeth Coupez, Laetitia Languille, Mathias Cornic, Jean-Michel Molina, Caroline Pradon, Alison Klasen, Zakaria Ait Hamou, Armand Mekontso-Dessaps, Yurdagul Uzunhan, Samir Hamiria, Anne Godier, Elsa Feredj, Nessima Yelles, Jean-Benoit Arlet, Christine Broissand, Belkacem Asselate, Jaouad Benhida, Julien Le Marec, Nawal Derridj, Laurène Deconinck, A. Dossier, Eric Oksenhendler, Eva Chatron, Lucie Aunay, Candice Estellat, Julie Fillon, Marie Antignac, Jade Ghosn, Ilias Koumis, David Schmitz, Domitille Molinari, Soraya Fellahi, Bruno Mégarbane, Aline Frazier, Ramon Junquera, Vincent Provitolo, Marie Lecronier, Dimitri Fremont, Pierrick Le Borgne, Emmanuel Weiss, Faouzi Saliba, Stéphan Pavy, Geoffrey Rossi, Chloe McAvoy, Eric Mariotte, Dorothee Vallois, Sabrine Ouamri, Pierre Tissieres, Luc Mouthon, Blandine Denis, Celine Comparon, Emmanuelle Sacco, Frédéric Pène, Marjolaine Morgand, Vasco Honsel, Laure Choupeaux, Bruno Mourvillier, Ewa Kozaliewicz, Marie-Hélène Legros, Isabelle Debrix, Gabriel Nisand, Julien Chabert, Juliette Camuset, Stéphane Jauréguiberry, Lynda Chalal, Marine Livrozet, Lucie Biard, Elodie Perrodeau, Brigitte Sabatier, Raphael Borie, Rosa Da Silva, Nathalie Costedoat-Chalumeau, Emmanuel Chatelus, Jean-Christophe Corvol, Nathalie De Castro, David Boutboul, Benjamin Planquette, Anne Claire Desbois, François Danion, Brigitte Ranque, Amélie Cransac, Marine Nadal, Coralie Gernez, Yacine Boudali, Claire Madelaine, Georgina Maalouf, Jonathan Marey, Sophie Bayer, Antoine Fayol, Souad Benarab, Luc Haudebourg, Sophie Bulifon, Claire Pacheco, Philippe Durand, Olivier Hermine, Fanny Alby-Laurent, Geoffroy Liégeon, Axelle Fuentes, Jean-Daniel Lelievre, Gilles Garcia, Céline Verstuyft Verstuyft, Marie-Aude Penet, Constance Delaugerre, Nicolas Carlier, Aurélie Durel Maurisse, Gilles Pialoux, Zeina Louis, Marion Parisey, Pascal Lim, Gaelle Clavere, Martin De Sarcus, Marie Vayssettes, Thomas Papo, Adrien Joseph, Hilario Nunes, Hanane Fodil, Solen Kernéis, Antoine Bachelard, Jacques Duranteau, Karine Lacombe, Olivia Lenoir, Mathilde Vallet, Isabelle Brindele, Robin Charreteur, Elie Azoulay, Dorothée Chopin, Aïcha Bah, Moustafa Benafla, Marie Gilbert, Matthieu Lemoine, Abolfazl Mohebbi, Mathilde Noaillon, Amina Kebir, Virginie Zarrouk, Cécile Yelnik, Benjamin Terrier, Solène Fabre, Paul Crespin, Sarah Dalibey, Thierno Dieye, Renaud Felten, Oriane Puéchal, Pernelle Vauboin, Caroline Hauw-Berlemont, Gabriel Baron, Paul Vermes, Yvon Ruch, Dominique Dautel, Tassadit Hadjam, Anne-Marie Roques, Jean-Philippe Bastard, Younes El Amine, Damien Sène, Alaki Thiemele, Catherine Boussard, Vincent Fallet, Timothee Bironne, Damien Vanhoye, Guillaume Geri, Amine Ghembaza, Bertrand Dunogue, Nadia Anguel, Laure Berton, Caroline Semaille, Thomas Volpe, Jacques Cadranel, Thomas Gorget, Julien Saussereau, Elodie Issorat, Sami Kolta, Pathologies Pulmonaires et Plasticité Cellulaire - UMR-S 1250 (P3CELL), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Optimisation thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie (OPTeN (UMR_S_1144 / U1144)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Service de Réanimation Médicale et Toxicologique [Hôpital Lariboisière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Centre de recherche en Myologie – U974 SU-INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Porcher, Raphaël

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, law, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, education.field_of_study, Hazard ratio, Articles, Middle Aged, Intensive care unit, Hospitals, [SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, 3. Good health, Hospitalization, [SDV.TOX] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Treatment Outcome, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, France, medicine.drug, Adult, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Critical Care, Population, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, education, Critical Care Outcomes, Aged, Mechanical ventilation, Anakinra, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Comment, COVID-19, Bayes Theorem, Pneumonia, medicine.disease, Respiration, Artificial, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Clinical trial, Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein, 030228 respiratory system, [SDV.MHEP.PSR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, business, Interleukin-1
Abstract

International audience; Background: Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia have an excess of inflammation and increased concentrations of cytokines including interleukin-1 (IL-1). We aimed to determine whether anakinra, a recombinant human IL-1 receptor antagonist, could improve outcomes in patients in hospital with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 pneumonia.Methods: In this multicentre, open-label, Bayesian randomised clinical trial (CORIMUNO-ANA-1), nested within the CORIMUNO-19 cohort, we recruited patients from 16 University hospitals in France with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection confirmed by real-time RT-PCR, requiring at least 3 L/min of oxygen by mask or nasal cannula but without ventilation assistance, a score of 5 on the WHO Clinical Progression Scale (WHO-CPS), and a C-reactive protein serum concentration of more than 25 mg/L not requiring admission to the intensive care unit at admission to hospital. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) using a web-based secure centralised system, stratified by centre and blocked with varying block sizes (randomly of size two or four), to either usual care plus anakinra (200 mg twice a day on days 1-3, 100 mg twice on day 4, 100 mg once on day 5) or usual care alone. Usual care was provided at the discretion of the site clinicians. The two coprimary outcomes were the proportion of patients who had died or needed non-invasive or mechanical ventilation by day 4 (ie, a score of >5 on the WHO-CPS) and survival without need for mechanical or non-invasive ventilation (including high-flow oxygen) at day 14. All analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04341584, and is now closed to accrual.Findings: Between April 8 and April 26, 2020, we screened 153 patients. The study was stopped early following the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring board, after the recruitment of 116 patients: 59 were assigned to the anakinra group, and 57 were assigned to the usual care group. Two patients in the usual care group withdrew consent and were not analysed. In the analysable population, the median age was 66 years (IQR 59 to 76) and 80 (70%) participants were men. In the anakinra group, 21 (36%) of 59 patients had a WHO-CPS score of more than 5 at day 4 versus 21 (38%) of 55 in the usual care group (median posterior absolute risk difference [ARD] -2·5%, 90% credible interval [CrI] -17·1 to 12·0), with a posterior probability of ARD of less than 0 (ie, anakinra better than usual care) of 61·2%. At day 14, 28 (47%; 95% CI 33 to 59) patients in the anakinra group and 28 (51%; 95% CI 36 to 62) in the usual care group needed ventilation or died, with a posterior probability of any efficacy of anakinra (hazard ratio [HR] being less than 1) of 54·5% (median posterior HR 0·97; 90% CrI 0·62 to 1·52). At day 90, 16 (27%) patients in the anakinra group and 15 (27%) in the usual care group had died. Serious adverse events occurred in 27 (46%) patients in the anakinra group and 21 (38%) in the usual care group (p=0·45).Interpretation: Anakinra did not improve outcomes in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 pneumonia. Further studies are needed to assess the efficacy of anakinra in other selected groups of patients with more severe COVID-19.Funding: The Ministry of Health, Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique, Foundation for Medical Research, and AP-HP Foundation.

Published
2021
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