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Abstract To solve the problem regarding unbalanced distribution of multi-category Chinese long texts and improve the classification accuracy thereof, a data enhancement method was proposed. Combined with this method, a feature-enhanced text-inception model for Chinese long text classification was proposed. First, the model used a novel text-inception module to extract important shallow features of the text. Meanwhile, the bidirectional gated recurrent unit (Bi-GRU) and the capsule neural network were employed to form a deep feature extraction module to understand the semantic information in the text; K-MaxPooling was then used to reduce the dimension of its shallow and deep features and enhance the overall features. Finally, the Softmax function was used for classification. By comparing the classification effects with a variety of models, the results show that the model can significantly improve the accuracy of long Chinese text classification and has a strong ability to recognize long Chinese text features. The accuracy of the model is 93.97% when applied to an experimental dataset.

The rapid and accurate estimation of crop yield is of great importance for large-scale agricultural production and national food security. Using winter wheat as the research object, the effects of color indexes, texture feature and fusion index on yield estimation were investigated based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) high-definition digital images, which can provide a reliable technical means for the high-precision yield estimation of winter wheat. In total, 22 visible color indexes were extracted using UAV high-resolution digital images, and a total of 24 texture features in red, green, and blue bands extracted by ENVI 5.3 were correlated with yield, while color indexes and texture features with high correlation and fusion indexes were selected to establish yield estimation models for flagging, flowering and filling stages using partial least squares regression (PLSR) and random forest (RF). The yield estimation model constructed with color indexes at the flagging and flowering stages, along with texture characteristics and fusion indexes at the filling stage, had the best accuracy, with R2 values of 0.70, 0.71 and 0.76 and RMSE values of 808.95 kg/hm2, 794.77 kg/hm2 and 728.85 kg/hm2, respectively. The accuracy of winter wheat yield estimation using PLSR at the flagging, flowering, and filling stages was better than that of RF winter wheat estimation, and the accuracy of winter wheat yield estimation using the fusion feature index was better than that of color and texture feature indexes; the distribution maps of yield results are in good agreement with those of the actual test fields. Thus, this study can provide a scientific reference for estimating winter wheat yield based on UAV digital images and provide a reference for agricultural farm management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional village landscapes have a cultural and regional significance, and the visual aesthetic quality of the landscape is widely regarded as a valuable resource to benefit the health and well-being of urban residents. Although the literature has analyzed the influential mechanism of landscape features on aesthetic senses, most were from a single dimension. To improve the precision of the landscape aesthetic evaluation method, this study expanded the indicators for landscape characteristics of public spaces in traditional villages by incorporating multiple dimensions, such as landscape visual attraction elements and landscape color. It explored their associations with sensory preferences in a case study in Dongshan (a peninsula) and Xishan (an island) of Taihu Lake. We used multi-source data, a semantic segmentation model, and R language to identify landscape characteristic indicators quantitatively. The research results indicated that the accuracy of the aesthetic sensory assessment model integrating multi-dimensional landscape characteristic indicators was significantly improved; in the open space of traditional villages, the public preferred a scenario with a high proportion of trees, relatively open space, mild and uniform color tones, suitability for movement, and the ability to produce a restorative and peaceful atmosphere. This study can provide a guarantee for the efficient use of village landscape resources, the optimization of rural landscapes, and the precise enhancement of traditional village habitat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphdiyne, a sp/sp2‐cohybridized two‐dimensional all‐ carbon material, has many unique and fascinating properties of alkyne‐rich structures, large π conjugated system, uniform pores, specific unevenly‐distributed surface charge, and incomplete charge transfer properties provide promising potential in practical applications including catalysis, energy conversion and storage, intelligent devices, life science, photoelectric, etc. These superior advantages have made graphdiyne one of the hottest research frontiers of chemistry and materials science and produced a series of original and innovative research results in the fundamental and applied research of carbon materials. In recent years, considerable advances have been made toward the development of graphdiyne‐based multiscale catalysts for nitrogen fixation and ammonia synthesis at room temperatures and ambient pressures. This review aims to provide a comprehensive update in regard to the synthesis of graphdiyne‐based multiscale catalysts and their applications in the synthesis of ammonia. The unique features of graphdiyne are highlighted throughout the review. Finally, it concludes with the discussion of challenges and future perspectives relating to graphdiyne. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorus is a major nutrient vital for plant growth and development, with a substantial amount of cellular phosphorus being used for the biosynthesis of membrane phospholipids. Here, we report that NON‐SPECIFIC PHOSPHOLIPASE C4 (NPC4) in rapeseed (Brassica napus) releases phosphate from phospholipids to promote growth and seed yield, as plants with altered NPC4 levels showed significant changes in seed production under different phosphate conditions. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated nuclease 9 (Cas9)‐mediated knockout of BnaNPC4 led to elevated accumulation of phospholipids and decreased growth, whereas overexpression (OE) of BnaNPC4 resulted in lower phospholipid contents and increased plant growth and seed production. We demonstrate that BnaNPC4 hydrolyzes phosphosphingolipids and phosphoglycerolipids in vitro, and plants with altered BnaNPC4 function displayed changes in their sphingolipid and glycerolipid contents in roots, with a greater change in glycerolipids than sphingolipids in leaves, particularly under phosphate deficiency conditions. In addition, BnaNPC4‐OE plants led to the upregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism, phosphate release, and phosphate transport and an increase in free inorganic phosphate in leaves. These results indicate that BnaNPC4 hydrolyzes phosphosphingolipids and phosphoglycerolipids in rapeseed to enhance phosphate release from membrane phospholipids and promote growth and seed production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The conflict between humans and wild animals is an inevitably negative product of human disturbance (HD). There is a transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) among wild animals, domestic animals, humans, and their food. On the one hand, if ARGs enter from humans to wild animals, they will have unknown effects on the wild animals. On the other hand, if pathogenic bacteria carrying ARGs in wild animals are transferred to humans, this might bring new diseases to humans. In this report, golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) were used as sentinel animals to test the effect of HD on the health risk of wild animals and the transfer risk of pathogenic antibiotic-resistant bacteria (PARBs) from wild animals to humans. Our result could provide a method to evaluate the effect of HD on the health risk of wild animals and transfer risk of PARBs from wild animals to humans under the eco–environment coupling system of wild animals and humans. In the future, the conflicts between wild animals and humans should be reduced. From the perspective of interactions in the human–animal–ecosystem, the study and control of pathogenic bacteria that can cause disease in animals and humans is the core content of "One Health". In order to test the effect of human disturbance (HD) on the health risk of pathogenic antibiotic-resistant bacteria (PARBs) to wild animals and transfer risk of the PARBs from wild animals to humans, golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) were used as sentinel animals. Metagenomic analysis was used to analyze the characteristics of PARBs in the gut microbiota of golden snub-nosed monkeys. Then, the total contribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors (VFs) of the PARBs were used to assess the health risk of PARBs to golden snub-nosed monkeys, and the antimicrobial drug resistance and bacterial infectious disease of PARBs were determined to assess the transfer risk of PARBs from golden snub-nosed monkeys to humans. There were 18 and 5 kinds of PARBs in the gut microbiota of golden snub-nosed monkeys under HD (HD group) and wild habitat environments (W group), respectively. The total health risks of PARBs to the W group and the HD group were −28.5 × 10−3 and 125.8 × 10−3, respectively. There were 12 and 16 kinds of KEGG pathways of human diseases in the PARBs of the W group and the HD group, respectively, and the gene numbers of KEGG pathways in the HD group were higher than those in the W group. HD increased the pathogenicity of PARBs to golden snub-nosed monkeys, and the PARBs in golden snub-nosed monkeys exhibited resistance to lincosamide, aminoglycoside, and streptogramin antibiotics. If these PARBs transfer from golden snub-nosed monkeys to humans, then humans may acquire symptoms of pathogens including Tubercle bacillus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Yersinia, Pertussis, and Vibrio cholera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The illicit utilization of performance-enhancing substances, commonly referred to as doping, not only infringes upon the principles of fair competition within athletic pursuits but also poses significant health hazards to athletes. Doping control analysis has emerged as a conventional approach to ensuring equity and integrity in sports. Over the past few decades, extensive advancements have been made in doping control analysis methods, catering to the escalating need for qualitative and quantitative analysis of numerous banned substances exhibiting diverse chemical and biological characteristics. Progress in science, technology, and instrumentation has facilitated the proliferation of varied techniques for detecting doping. In this comprehensive review, we present a succinct overview of recent research developments within the last ten years pertaining to these doping detection methodologies. We undertake a comparative analysis, evaluating the merits and limitations of each technique, and offer insights into the prospective future advancements in doping detection methods. It is noteworthy that the continual design and synthesis of novel synthetic doping agents have compelled researchers to constantly refine and innovate doping detection methods in order to address the ever-expanding range of covertly employed doping agents. Overall, we remain in a passive position for doping detection and are always on the road to doping control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accuracy of machine learning models is affected by hyperparameters when classifying different types of urban green spaces. To investigate the impact of hyperparametric algorithms on model optimization, this study used the Marine Predators Algorithm (MPA) to optimize three models: K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Random Forest (RF). The feasibility of the algorithm was illustrated by extracting and analyzing park green space and attached green spaces within the fifth-ring road of Beijing. A dataset of urban green space type labels was constructed using SPOT6. Three optimized models, MPA-KNN, MPA-SVM and MPA-RF, were constructed. The optimum hyperparameter combination was chosen based on the accuracy of the validation set, and the three optimized models were compared in terms of the Area Under Curve (AUC) value, accuracy on the test set, and other indicators. The results showed that applying MPA improves the accuracy of the validation set of the KNN, SVM, and RF models by 4.2%, 2.2%, and 1.2%, respectively. The MPA-RF model had an AUC value of 0.983 and a test set accuracy of 89.93%, indicating that it was the most accurate of the three models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication links, as a part of coordinated control in dc microgrids (MGs), play an essential role in achieving high operational performance. In this article, a bipolar topology based on series modular structure of dc MG is designed, and a complementary dual-window dc bus interacting (CDBI) method which combines droop control with antidroop control is proposed to improve the robustness of system and against communication failure. In the proposed CDBI method, distributed generations regard dc buses as common communication channels for information exchange, and the coordinated control within the dc MGs can be realized through predesigned sequences of voltage pulses without extra communication links. Finally, the proposed symmetrical bipolar structure and communication-free coordinated control scheme have been verified in various cases through rapid control prototype. The experimental results show that the bipolar-type dc MG controlled by the proposed CDBI method can supply high-quality power for a long time even in the case of communication failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar evaporation generation is a promising method for purifying high salinity water using renewable solar energy. However, the design for the efficient antifouling solar-thermal water evaporation of low-cost systems remains a challenge. Here, a simple, anti-oil-fouling and macroporous aerogel based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA), and polyaniline (PANi) was prepared by an in situ polymerization and freeze-drying technique. Solar water evaporation experiments were performed on the aerogel under one-sun illumination. Because of the synergistic effects of the abundant macroporous structure, roughness of the surface, and hydrophilic polymeric matrix, the aerogel displayed high solar absorption, and superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic surface properties. As a result, under one-sun illumination, the aerogel had a maximum solar-thermal efficiency of 91.5% and an evaporation rate of 1.46 kg m−2 h−1. More importantly, the aerogel exhibited almost identical evaporation performance in oily wastewater and saline alkali water. After 25 cycles, the photothermal conversion efficiency was found to be 87% and the aerogel was still resistant to oil contamination. The high solar vapor generation rate and antifouling functionality make the macroporous aerogel a promising material for solar-thermal water desalination, even in oil-contaminated water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A water environment quality evaluation and pollution source analysis can quantitatively examine the relationship among water pollution, resources, and the economy, and investigate the main factors affecting water quality. This paper took COD, NH3-N, and TP of the Tuojiang River as the research objects. The water environment quality evaluation and pollution source analysis of the Tuojiang River Basin were conducted based on the grey water footprint, decoupling theoretical model, and correlation analysis method. The results showed that grey water footprint decreased, and the water environment quality improved. Among the pollution sources of the grey water footprint, TP accounted for the highest proportion. Moreover, the economic development level and the water environment were generally in a state of high-quality coordination. Farmland and stock breeding pollution accounted for the largest proportion of agricultural pollution and were thus the main source of the grey water footprint. The results of Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that the source of the pollutants were the imported pollution from the tributaries and agricultural pollution (especially stock breeding and farmland irrigation). These results showed that the quality of the water environment was improving, and the main factors affecting the water environment were stock breeding and farmland pollution in agriculture. This study presents a decision-making basis for strengthening the ecological barrier in the Yangtze River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The healing of severe skin injury is a complicated process and the development of hydrogel dressing with antibacterial and stimuli responsive abilities is necessary. Recently, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) has been widely used in hydrogel dressings due to its good conductivity and photothermal effects. However, there still exist some problems in the fabrication of RGO‐modified hydrogels, especially in the green preparation and dispersion process of RGO. In this work, macromolecular carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) is chosen as the reducing agent for the green preparation of RGO. Hydrogels with antibacterial and stimulus‐responsive properties are constructed via Schiff base condensation between CMCS and oxidized pectin (OP). Over 95% cell viability is observed, which is critical for medical applications. RGO endows the hydrogels with relatively good conductivity, self‐healing properties, and mechanical strength. The diameters of bacteriostasis circle of the hydrogel for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus increase by 0.2 and 0.8 cm respectively after exposure to NIR for 5 min, resulting from the photothermal antibacterial properties of the hydrogel provided by RGO. This study provides guidance for the design and application of multifunctional wound dressing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To compare clinical outcomes in infants and children with intestinal malrotation who were treated by laparoscopic or open Ladd's. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library were searched for studies comparing laparoscopy with open Ladd's for intestinal volvulus through January 5, 2021. Search terms were confined to Title/Abstract: "Intestinal Volvulus" OR "Intestinal malrotation" AND "Laparoscopy" AND "Laparotomy." Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and retrospective studies comparing laparoscopy with open Ladd's in neonates, infants, or children were included. Outcomes evaluated included operative time, time to full feeds, length of hospital stay, rate of conversion, reoperation, overall postoperative complications, postoperative adhesive small bowel obstruction, and postoperative volvulus. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were calculated for dichotomous variables; pooled mean differences (MDs) were measured for continuous variables. Results: Fourteen studies were included, comprising 444 patients who underwent laparoscopic approach and 1422 patients who underwent open procedure. Laparoscopy group had shorter operative time (MD = -14.44 minutes, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -20.79 to -8.09, P < .00001), hospital stay (MD = -4.57 days, 95% CI = -7.58 to -1.56, P = .003), and time to full feeds (MD = -3.00 days, 95% CI = -3.80 to -2.19, P < .00001). Laparoscopic Ladd's procedure had less overall postoperative complications (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.19-0.65, P = .0009), less postoperative adhesive small bowl obstruction (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.19-0.74, P = .005), and more postoperative volvulus (OR = 2.97, 95% CI = 1.23-7.13, P = .02). There was no difference in incidence of reoperation rate (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 0.96-4.33, P = .06). Conclusion: Laparoscopic procedure is superior to open Ladd's in operative time, hospital stay, time to full feeds, overall postoperative complication, and postoperative adhesive small bowel obstruction. However, more RCTs with adequate follow-up are needed to overcome the limitations of our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Non‐specific phospholipase C (NPC) is involved in plant growth, development and stress responses. To elucidate the mechanism by which NPCs mediate cellular functions, here we show that NPC4 is S‐acylated at the C terminus and that acylation determines its plasma membrane (PM) association and function. The acylation of NPC4 was detected using NPC4 isolated from Arabidopsis and reconstituted in vitro. The C‐terminal Cys‐533 was identified as the S‐acylation residue, and the mutation of Cys‐533 to Ala‐533 in NPC4 (NPC4C533A) led to the loss of S‐acylation and membrane association of NPC4. The knockout of NPC4 impeded the phosphate deficiency‐induced decrease of the phosphosphingolipid glycosyl inositol phosphoryl ceramide (GIPC), but introducing NPC4C533A to npc4‐1 failed to complement this defect, thereby supporting the hypothesis that the non‐acylated NPC4C533A fails to hydrolyze GIPC during phosphate deprivation. Moreover, NPC4C533A failed to complement the primary root growth in npc4‐1 under stress. In addition, NPC4 in Brassicanapus was S‐acylated and mutation of the S‐acylating cysteine residue of BnaC01.NPC4 led to the loss of S‐acylation and its membrane association. Together, our results reveal that S‐acylation of NPC4 in the C terminus is conserved and required for its membrane association, phosphosphingolipid hydrolysis and function in plant stress responses. Significance Statement: The S‐acylation of NPC4 determines its plasma membrane association, phosphosphingolipid hydrolysis and function in the plant response to phosphate deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]