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49. Clinical characteristics of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients developing other autoimmune diseases after thymectomy from one single center cohort.

Author

Tian, Wenxin, He, Jing, Yu, Hanbo, Sun, Yaoguang, Wu, Qingjun, Jiao, Peng, Ma, Chao, Huang, Chuan, Li, Donghang, and Tong, Hongfeng

Subjects
RHEUMATOID arthritis risk factors, MYASTHENIA gravis, THORACIC surgery, AGE distribution, SURGICAL complications, AUTOIMMUNE diseases, RETROSPECTIVE studies, RESEARCH funding, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, DATA analysis software, DISEASE risk factors
Abstract

Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) patients are reported to have a high risk of other autoimmune diseases (ADs), and thymectomy may increase the risk further. A cohort of MG patients in which thymectomy was performed were investigated to analyze the prevalence, types and features of the new onset ADs. Methods: Consecutive patients with MG who underwent thymectomy at Beijing Hospital between January 2012 and August 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. Patients with a postoperative follow‐up period shorter than a year or incomplete clinical records were excluded. Clinical and follow‐up data were collected. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: A total of 445 patients were included in this study. The median follow‐up period was 72 months (range, 12–135 months). A total of 63 (14.2%) MG patients had concurrent ADs. The incidence rate was higher than the background prevalence of population (5%), and also higher than that of a former Chinese MG cohort (11.6%). A total of 47 patients (10.6%) were diagnosed with ADs before thymectomy, and 19 (4.3%) developed a new AD after thymectomy. The most common types of new onset ADs after thymectomy were Hashimoto's thyroiditis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which were different from those before thymectomy (hyperthyroidism and Hashimoto's thyroiditis). The incidence rate of new onset RA (1.35%) was higher than the frequency of RA before thymectomy (0.45%), and also higher than the incidence rate in a Chinese MG cohort (0.5%). There was a higher proportion of female patients (p = 0.026) with postoperative ADs. A younger age at operation may increase the risk of nonthymoma MG patients (p = 0.040) developing ADs. The postoperative treatment effect of MG was similar between patients with and without new onset ADs (p > 0.05). Conclusions: We observed a higher incidence rate of autoimmune diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis, in MG patients after thymectomy. The most common types of ADs after thymectomy were different from those before thymectomy. New onset ADs tended to occur in female and young nonthymoma MG patients. The postoperative effect of MG was not related with the new occurrence of ADs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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50. The kpc Scale Fe K$\alpha$ Emission in the Compton Thin Seyfert 2 Galaxy NGC 4388 resolved by Chandra

Author

Yi, Huili, Wang, Junfeng, Shu, Xinwen, Fabbiano, Giuseppina, Pappalardo, Cirino, Wang, Chen, and Yu, Hanbo

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We present Chandra imaging and spectral observations of Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 4388. Three extended X-ray structures around the nucleus on kpc scale are well imaged, allowing an in-depth spatially resolved study. Both the extended hard continuum and the Fe K$\alpha$ line show similar morphology, consistent with a scenario where the ionizing emission from nucleus is reprocessed by circumnuclear cold gas, resulting in a weak reflection continuum and an associated neutral Fe K$\alpha$ line. This has been seen in other Compton thick active galactic nuclei (AGN), but NGC 4388 is one of the rare cases with a lower column density ($N_{\rm H} < 1.25\times 10^{24}$ cm$^{-2}$) along the line of sight. Significant differences in equivalent width of the Fe K$\alpha$ emission line are found for the nuclear and extended regions, which could be ascribed to different column densities or scattering angles with respect to the line of sight, rather than variations in iron abundances. The north-east and west extended structures are aligned with the galactic disk and dust lane in the HST $V-H$ map, and located at the peak of molecular gas distribution. The morphology implies that the kpc-scale radio outflow may have compressed the interstellar gas and produced clumps working as the reflector to enhance line emission. Using [OIV] emission as a proxy of the AGN intrinsic luminosity, we find that both of the extended Fe K$\alpha$ emission and reflection continuum are linearly correlated with the [OIV] luminosity, indicating a connection between the AGN and the extended emission., Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. 15 pages, 11 figures, and 5 tables

Published
2020

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