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Venturi bubble generators have been extensively studied because of having a simple structure and high foaming efficiency, while producing a uniform bubble size. The effect of a noncondensable gas on hydraulic cavitation was considered to improve the Zwart-Gerber-Belamri cavitation model. This improved model and a population balance model were used to study the effect of cavitation on bubble fragmentation. The CFD-PBM results were compared with experimental results, and the accuracy of the improved calculation method was verified in terms of the distributions for the cavitation cavity, gas phase, and bubble size. The calculation results showed that increasing the noncondensable gas content over a certain range promoted the development of hydraulic cavitation, and the cavitation intensity could be indirectly controlled by adjusting the noncondensable gas content. With increasing cavitation intensity, the average bubble size decreased, and the bubble size distribution became narrower. Therefore, a high-pressure pulse generated by cavitation could effectively break bubbles. The development process of microbubbles was studied. The main controlling factors for bubble formation were determined to be the turbulent shear force of the fluid and the collapse impact force of the cavitation group, which provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the design of bubble generators.

Identity documents recognition is an important sub-field of document analysis, which deals with tasks of robust document detection, type identification, text fields recognition, as well as identity fraud prevention and document authenticity validation given photos, scans, or video frames of an identity document capture. Significant amount of research has been published on this topic in recent years, however a chief difficulty for such research is scarcity of datasets, due to the subject matter being protected by security requirements. A few datasets of identity documents which are available lack diversity of document types, capturing conditions, or variability of document field values. In this paper, we present a dataset MIDV-2020 which consists of 1000 video clips, 2000 scanned images, and 1000 photos of 1000 unique mock identity documents, each with unique text field values and unique artificially generated faces, with rich annotation. The dataset contains 72409 annotated images in total, making it the largest publicly available identity document dataset to the date of publication. We describe the structure of the dataset, its content and annotations, and present baseline experimental results to serve as a basis for future research. For the task of document location and identification content-independent, feature-based, and semantic segmentation-based methods were evaluated. For the task of document text field recognition, the Tesseract system was evaluated on field and character levels with grouping by field alphabets and document types. For the task of face detection, the performance of Multi Task Cascaded Convolutional Neural Networks-based method was evaluated separately for different types of image input modes. The baseline evaluations show that the existing methods of identity document analysis have a lot of room for improvement given modern challenges. We believe that the proposed dataset will prove invaluable for advancement of the field of document analysis and recognition.

To study the periodically time-varying dynamic characteristics of static eccentric squeeze film damper (SFD), two models of computational fluid dynamics were established by dynamic mesh method of transient flow field. Numerical investigation was carried out for periodically time-varying dynamic characteristics of static eccentric SFD and the results were verified by theoretical formulas. As shown by the study, due to the presence of static eccentricity, oil-film damping and stiffness present distinct periodically time-varying characteristics with precession angle and their peak values occur in different circumferential positions; excessive static eccentricity will significantly alter the distribution of oil film pressure and direction of radial force of oil film. For SFD in practice, when dynamic eccentricity is smaller, the periodically time-varying characteristics are subjected to the dual influence of oil supply hole and static eccentricity. With the augment of dynamic eccentricity, the influence from oil supply hole is reduced, and the periodically time-varying characteristics are mainly embodied as the influence of static eccentricity.

Cybernetics provides a new set of ideas and methods for the study of modern science, and it has been fully applied in many areas. However, few people have introduced cybernetics into the field of remote sensing. The paper is based on the imaging process of remote sensing system, introducing cybernetics into the field of remote sensing, establishing a space-time closed-loop control theory for the actual operation of remote sensing. The paper made the process of spatial information coherently, and improved the comprehensive efficiency of the space information from acquisition, procession, transformation to application. We not only describes the application of cybernetics in remote sensing platform control, sensor control, data processing control, but also in whole system of remote sensing imaging process control. We achieve the information of output back to the input to control the efficient operation of the entire system. This breakthrough combination of cybernetics science and remote sensing science will improve remote sensing science to a higher level.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of capacitating agents added at in vitro fertilization (IVF) and antioxidants supplemented during in vitro culture (IVC) on the development of buffalo embryos. In experiment I, in vitro embryo development of buffalo embryos was compared when the IVF medium was supplemented with heparin, caffeine and calcium ionophore A23187 either alone or in combination. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the cleavage rates of oocytes among the treatment groups but the development rate to the blastocyst stage and the cell numbers of blastocyst in the heparin-treated group were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of other treatments. In experiment II, in vitro embryo development of buffalo embryos was compared when IVC medium was supplemented with either α-tocopherol (250 and 500 μM) or l-ascorbic acid (250 and 500 μM). The rate of development to the blastocyst stage of embryos cultured in medium supplemented with 250 μM α-tocopherol (33%, 41/123) and 250 μM l-ascorbic acid (31%, 38/123) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of those cultured in medium alone (19%, 20/108) but not significantly different (P < 0.05) from medium supplemented with either 500 μM α-tocopherol (24%, 30/123) or 500 μM l-ascorbic acid (25%, 33/133). These results suggest that buffalo spermatozoa treated with heparin were suitable for IVF and that α-tocopherol and l-ascorbic acid added during IVC increased the rate of buffalo embryo development.

In this paper we rigorously investigate the common shock, or contagion, model, for correlating insurance losses. In addition, we develop additional theory which describes how the common shock model can be incorporated within a larger set of distributions. We also address the issue of calibrating contagion models to empirical data. To this end, we propose several procedures for calibrating contagion models using real-world industry data. Finally, we demonstrate the efficacy, and efficiency, of these calibration procedures by calibrating aggregate loss models, which incorporate contagion. Further, the case study illustrates the power of contagion modeling by demonstrating how the introduction of contagion can correct for the shortcomings of traditional collective risk modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fundamental dynamic characteristics of an elevated railway subjected to harmonic moving loads are investigated. The elevated ballast railway is analytically modeled as three different cases, with Case A indicating a simply-supported beam, Case B a two-parallel-beam system that is simply supported and inserted with a viscoelastic layer, and Case C an expansion of Case B through addition of two semi-infinite beams with viscoelastic foundation on two sides. The resonant conditions of these three cases are especially emphasized and studied in details. Finally, the resonant curves of an elevated railway to harmonic moving loads are presented, which are useful to railway engineers and may be used as preliminary design aids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the influence of socialist theory on writer F.P. Grove and his works, particularly `The Master of the Mill.' Deficiencies in past analyses of Grove; Gove's personal contacts with the left-wing and his sociopolitical activities; Ideological dialogism in relation to characters; Marxist economic and sociopolitical vocabulary of Grove; Images of power and domination.

Abstract  The treatment of o-diaminobenzene with Zn ( OAc )2 · 2H2O in alcohol results in the formation of mononuclear bis(o-diaminobenzene)diacetate Zinc, Zn[C8H11N2O2]2. Its structure was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The complex is also characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR and IR. The crystal is monoclinic space group C2, parameters: a = 16.297(5), b = 4.775(3), c = 11.664(5) Å, β = 97.646(5)°, λ = 1.54184 Å, V = 899.6(7) Å3, Z = 2, ρ c = 1.476 g/cm3, M r = 399.75, F(000) = 416.0, R 1 = 0.0594, wR 2 = 0.1439 for 995 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  The treatment of o-diaminobenzene with Zn ( OAc )2 · 2H2O in alcohol results in the formation of mononuclear bis(o-diaminobenzene)diacetate Zinc, Zn[C8H11N2O2]2. Its structure was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The complex is also characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR and IR. The crystal is monoclinic space group C2, parameters: a = 16.297(5), b = 4.775(3), c = 11.664(5) Å, β = 97.646(5)°, λ = 1.54184 Å, V = 899.6(7) Å3, Z = 2, ρ c = 1.476 g/cm3, M r = 399.75, F(000) = 416.0, R 1 = 0.0594, wR 2 = 0.1439 for 995 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quasi-2D perovskites have emerged as a promising candidate material for displays owing to their high photoluminescence quantum yields and low-cost solution synthesis. However, achieving pure red quasi-2D perovskite films with luminescence centered at 630 nm and a narrow emission band presents a critical challenge for high-definition displays. Herein, by incorporating 18-crown-6 as additives that simultaneously passivate defects and regulate phase distribution, full iodine-based quasi-2D perovskite films with a single red emission peak and spectral stability are designed. Additionally, through the introduction of an appropriate amount of chlorobenzene and enhancement of annealing temperature, resulting in a narrower phase distribution, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission peak is significantly reduced. After optimization of the process, we fabricated quasi-2D perovskite films with pure red emission, which exhibited a PL peak at 627.9 nm and a narrow FWHM of 45.1 nm. Based on these pure red perovskite films, diverse complex patterns such as fluorescent anti-counterfeiting labels are implemented for data storage and information encryption. This study provides an effective approach toward developing quasi-2D perovskites with high color purity for high-definition purposes.

Mustard gas (HD) is a well-known chemical warfare agent, recognized for its extreme toxicity and severe hazards. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), with their unique structural properties, show significant potential for HD adsorption applications. Due to the extreme hazards of HD, most experimental studies focus on its simulants, but molecular simulation research on these simulants remains limited. Simulation analyses of simulants can uncover structure-performance relationships and enable experimental validation, optimizing methods, and improving material design and performance predictions. This study integrates molecular simulations, machine learning (ML), and molecular fingerprinting (MFs) to identify MOFs with high adsorption performance for the HD simulant diethyl sulfide (DES), followed by in-depth structural analysis and comparison. First, MOFs are categorized into Top, Middle, and Bottom materials based on their adsorption efficiency. Univariate analysis, machine learning, and molecular fingerprinting are then used to identify and compare the distinguishing features and fingerprints of each category. Univariate analysis helps identify the optimal structural ranges of Top and Bottom materials, providing a reference for initial material screening. Machine learning feature importance analysis, combined with SHAP methods, identifies the key features that most significantly influence model predictions across categories, offering valuable insights for future material design. Molecular fingerprint analysis reveals critical fingerprint combinations, showing that adsorption performance is optimized when features such as metal oxides, nitrogen-containing heterocycles, six-membered rings, and C=C double bonds co-exist. The integrated analysis using HTCS, ML, and MFs provides new perspectives for designing high-performance MOFs and demonstrates significant potential for developing materials for the adsorption of CWAs and their simulants.

Function-to-find domain (FIIND)-containing proteins, including NLRP1 and CARD8, are vital components of the inflammasome signaling pathway, critical for the innate immune response. These proteins exist in various forms due to autoproteolysis within the FIIND domain, resulting in full-length (FL), cleaved N-terminal (NT), and cleaved C-terminal (CT) peptides, which form autoinhibitory complexes in the steady state. However, the detailed mechanism remains elusive. Here, we found that both NLRP1 paralogs and CARD8 form two conserved autoinhibitory complexes involving NT-CT interactions and FL-CT interactions, but with distinct mechanisms. Specifically, the Linker3 region located between LRR and FIIND in murine NLRP1b (mNLRP1b) plays an essential role in forming the NT-CT autoinhibitory complexes, while the ZU5 of rat NLRP1 (rNLRP1) and CARD8 mediates their NT-CT interaction. In addition, we explored the involvement of the cellular protease dipeptidyl peptidases 9 (DPP9) in these complexes, revealing differential interactions and the significance of domain structure. Besides the FL-DPP9-CT complex, DPP9 interacts with NTs of mNLRP1b, rNLRP1, and CARD8 through their ZU5 subdomains, forming NT-DPP9-CT complex; however, DPP9 cannot bind to NTs of hNLRP1. Further functional assay indicated that although DPP9 is involved in the NT-CT complex of rodent NLRP1 and CARD8, it does not influence the inhibitory activity of NT on CT. Our study enhanced the understanding of the regulatory functions of FIIND-containing proteins in inflammasome autoinhibition and activation and underscored the complexity of their interactions within the immune response., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2025 Zhou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

IKKε is a traditional antiviral kinase known for positively regulating the production of type I interferon (IFN) and the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) during various virus infections. However, through an inhibitor screen targeting cellular kinases, we found that IKKε plays a crucial role in the lytic replication of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Mechanistically, during KSHV lytic replication, IKKε undergoes significant SUMOylation at both Lys321 and Lys549 by the viral SUMO E3 ligase ORF45. This SUMOylation event leads to the association of IKKε with PML, resulting in the disruption of PML nuclear bodies (PML NBs) and subsequent increase in lytic replication of KSHV. Notably, IKKε does not affect the total expression level of PML but facilitates the translocation of PML from the nucleus to the cytoplasm during KSHV lytic replication. Further experiments utilizing mutations on the SUMOylation sites of IKKε or inhibiting IKKε using BAY-985 showed that these actions no longer impact PML NBs and completely suppress the lytic replication of KSHV. These findings not only emphasize the essential role of IKKε in the life cycle of KSHV but also illustrate how KSHV exploits IKKε through SUMOylation modification to enhance its own replication process., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2025 Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Our study aims to investigate the role of pyrimidine metabolism in prostate cancer and its associations with the immune microenvironment, drug sensitivity, and tumor mutation burden. Through transcriptomic and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses, we explored metabolic pathway enrichment, immune infiltration patterns, and differential gene expression in prostate cancer samples. The results showed that pyrimidine metabolism-related genes were significantly upregulated in the P2 subgroup compared to the P1 subgroup, with enhanced metabolic activity observed in basal and luminal epithelial cells. In addition, immune infiltration analysis revealed a strong correlation between pyrimidine metabolism and immune cell regulation, particularly involving T cell activity. Tumors in the P2 subgroup, characterized by higher pyrimidine metabolism, exhibited greater infiltration of activated CD4 + T cells and M2 macrophages, indicating a potential link between metabolic reprogramming and the immune response in prostate cancer. Drug sensitivity analysis further demonstrated that tumors with elevated pyrimidine metabolism displayed increased responsiveness to several chemotherapeutic agents, including BI-2536, JW-7-24-1, and PAC-1, suggesting that targeting pyrimidine metabolism may enhance treatment efficacy. Moreover, key genes involved in pyrimidine de novo synthesis, such as RRM2, were identified as potential drivers of tumor progression, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying aggressive prostate cancer phenotypes. In conclusion, pyrimidine metabolism plays a critical role in prostate cancer progression, influencing immune infiltration and drug sensitivity. Targeting this metabolic pathway offers a promising strategy for the development of new therapeutic approaches, particularly for overcoming drug resistance and improving outcomes in patients with advanced prostate cancer., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

The long-term impact of postoperative morbidity following laparoscopic liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma is unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients were affected by postoperative morbidity after laparoscopic liver resection. Hepatocellular carcinoma patients who underwent curative-intent laparoscopic liver resection were included. Risk factors of 30-day morbidity were identified using logistic regression analysis. Early (≤ 2 years) and late (> 2 years) recurrence rates, overall survival, and time to recurrence were compared among patients with and without postoperative morbidity. Independent prognostic factors of overall survival and time to recurrence of these patients were investigated using Cox regression analysis. This study included 420 patients, 147 (35%) of whom experienced postoperative morbidity. Diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis, portal hypertension, Child-Pugh grade B, multiple tumors, poor tumor differentiation and intraoperative blood transfusion were risk factors of postoperative morbidity. Patients with postoperative morbidity had higher early and late recurrence rates than those without postoperative morbidity (38.8% vs. 22.4%, P = 0.001; 50% vs. 25.5%, P = 0.001). Postoperative morbidity was associated with decreased overall survival (median: 54.5 months vs. not reached, P < 0.001) and time to recurrence (median: 36.4 vs. 68.2 months; P < 0.001). Postoperative morbidity resulted in a 43% and 92% higher risk of long-term mortality (HR 1.43; 95% CI 1-2.03; P = 0.048) and recurrence (HR 1.92; 95% CI 1.41-2.62; P < 0.001). For hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing laparoscopic liver resection, long-term oncologic outcomes are adversely affected by postoperative morbidity. Therefore, it is of great importance for surgeons to prevent and manage postoperative morbidity., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee of Nantong First People’s Hospital (approval number: 2024KT260). Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the Institutional Ethics Committee of Nantong First People’s Hospital waived the need of obtaining informed consent. Consent to publish: All authors confirm that the work described has not been published before and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. All authors have seen and gave consent to the publication of this study. Ethics approval: Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee of Nantong First People’s Hospital (approval number: 2024KT260). Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the Institutional Ethics Committee of Nantong First People’s Hospital waived the need of obtaining informed consent., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

BACKGROUND Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is one of the most common peripheral vascular diseases. AngioJet pharmacomechanical thrombectomy has been widely used to treat DVT. This study evaluated outcomes of patients with DVT after pharmacomechanical thrombectomy and determined potential risk factors associated with prognosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective review was conducted to enroll patients with DVT who received AngioJet pharmacomechanical thrombectomy from July 2018 to May 2020. Clinical data and outcome measures, including baseline demographic information, procedure details, adverse events, incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), and Villalta scores were collected. The logistic regression modeling began with a univariate analysis to identify factors with statistically significant differences. Multivariate analysis revealed predictive factors of the development of PTS. RESULTS Eighty-nine patients were recruited and divided into 2 groups according to the presence of PTS: 22 patients in the PTS group and 67 patients in the non-PTS group. All cases were technically successful. Total median dosage of thrombolytic agents was 260 million units (range, 160-440 million units) and median duration of hospital stay was 5 days (range, 2-15 days). No major adverse events were observed. Univariate analysis showed statistical significance for all factors tested, except age, sex, and leg varicosities at baseline between the groups. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that only time from onset to treatment (OR=1.745; 95% CI=1.316-2.315) was associated with incidence of PTS after pharmacomechanical thrombectomy. CONCLUSIONS AngioJet pharmacomechanical thrombectomy is an effective therapeutic approach for DVT. Time from onset to treatment was an independent factor in predicting development of PTS.

Metal selenides hold promise as feasible anode materials for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), but still face problems such as poor potassium storage kinetics and dramatic volume expansion. Coupling heterostructure engineering with structural design could be an effective strategy for rapid and stable K + storage. Herein, CoSe/MoSe 2 heterojunction encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon polyhedron and further interconnected by three-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers (CoMoSe@NCP/NCFs) is ingeniously constructed. The abundant CoSe/MoSe 2 heterointerfaces equipped with built-in electric fields and unique interconnected carbon polyhedrons (convenient electron/ion transfer pathway and robust mechanical buffer) promote the reaction kinetics and bolster the structural robustness. Accordingly, the CoMoSe@NCP/NCFs composite exhibits outstanding cycle life, with a capacity of 206 mAh g -1 preserved after 2500 cycles at 2 A g -1 . Besides, CoMoSe@NCP/NCFs also achieves decent rate performance with 161 mAh g -1 at 10 A g -1 . This research demonstrates a viable approach for constructing superior PIB anodes with both fast kinetics and high stability., (© 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)