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Protein O-glycosylation, also known as mucin-type O-glycosylation, is one of the most abundant glycosylation in mammalian cells. It is initially catalyzed by a family of polypeptide GalNAc transferases (ppGalNAc-Ts). The trimeric spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 is highly glycosylated and facilitates the virus’s entry into host cells and membrane fusion of the virus. However, the functions and relationship between host ppGalNAc-Ts and O-glycosylation on the S protein remain unclear. Herein, we identify 15 O-glycosites and 10 distinct O-glycan structures on the S protein using an HCD-product-dependent triggered ETD mass spectrometric analysis. We observe that the isoenzyme T6 of ppGalNAc-Ts (ppGalNAc-T6) exhibits high O-glycosylation activity for the S protein, as demonstrated by an on-chip catalytic assay. Overexpression of ppGalNAc-T6 in HEK293 cells significantly enhances the O-glycosylation level of the S protein, not only by adding new O-glycosites but also by increasing O-glycan heterogeneity. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that O-glycosylation on the protomer-interface regions, modified by ppGalNAc-T6, potentially stabilizes the trimeric S protein structure by establishing hydrogen bonds and non-polar interactions between adjacent protomers. Furthermore, mutation frequency analysis indicates that most O-glycosites of the S protein are conserved during the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Taken together, our finding demonstrate that host O-glycosyltransferases dynamically regulate the O-glycosylation of the S protein, which may influence the trimeric structural stability of the protein. This work provides structural insights into the functional role of specific host O-glycosyltransferases in regulating the O-glycosylation of viral envelope proteins.

It is the trend of the times that digital technology is involved in various professional fields and promotes the integration and development of specialties. Digital sculpture technology, as a kind of new technology means in digital technology, has changed the process and means of sculpture specialty, and has become an important part of ecological art. Digital sculpture has the characteristics of virtuality, interactivity, and digitalization. Compared with traditional sculpture, digital sculpture is virtual in material, novel in structure, and advanced in aesthetics. The article also analyzes the concept and characteristics of ecological art, showing its awareness of environmental protection and respect for natural beauty in artistic creation. The integration of digital sculpture and ecological art is based on three-dimensional modeling technology, which is mainly reflected in the exploration of virtual materials, interactive simulation of the environment, and the dissemination of environmental awareness. Through the case study of cloud and glass bottle horse, this paper shows the practical application and potential value of the integration of digital art and ecological art and emphasizes the important role of this integration in promoting artistic innovation and enhancing public awareness of environmental protection.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to participate in the pathological process of cardiac hypertrophy. This study aimed to investigate the function of the lncRNA, myosin heavy-chain associated RNA transcript (Mhrt), in cardiac hypertrophy and its possible mechanism of action. Adult mouse cardiomyocytes were treated with angiotensin II (Ang II) and transfected with Mhrt; cardiac hypertrophy was evaluated by estimating atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, and beta-myosin heavy-chain levels, and cell surface area by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. The interaction between the Mhrt/Wnt family member 7B (WNT7B) and miR-765 was assessed using a luciferase reporter assay. Rescue experiments were performed by analyzing the role of the miR-765/WNT7B pathway underlying the function of Mhrt. The results indicated that Ang II induced hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes; however, overexpression of Mhrt alleviated the Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Mhrt acted as a sponge for miR-765 to regulate the expression of WNT7B. Rescue experiments revealed that the inhibitory effect of Mhrt on myocardial hypertrophy was abolished by miR-765. Additionally, the knockdown of WNT7B reversed the suppression of myocardial hypertrophy induced by downregulating miR-765. Taken together, Mhrt alleviated cardiac hypertrophy by targeting the miR-765/WNT7B axis.

Phage contamination is one of the significant problems in the food fermentation industry, which eventually causes economic losses to the industry. Here, we investigated the viability of Lactobacillus plantarum phage P1 and P2 using various biocides treatments (ethanol, isopropanol, sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid). Results indicated that phage P1 and P2 could be completely inactivated by treatment with 75% ethanol for 5 min, followed by 400 ppm of sodium hypochlorite treatment for 5 min. Phage P2 could be completely inactivated in the reverse sequence, while 800 ppm of sodium hypochlorite was required to achieve a similar effect for phage P1. Moreover, 100% isopropanol could increase the inactivating effect of 75% ethanol. This study may provide basic information on using multiple antimicrobials for phage control in laboratories and food plants.

Corn was used as the research material, based on gas chromatography ion mobility spectroscopy (Gc-IMS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the odor fingerprints of corn were analyzed under 9 different treatments, including frying, steaming, boiling, quick freezing, precooling, freeze-drying, bleaching and dyeing, washing, and so on. The results showed that there were n-hexanal, 1-octen-3-ol, octanol, 2-pentylthiazole and other compounds in corn under all different treatment methods. The kinds of volatile organic compounds were the same, but the contents were different.

Green beans was used as the research material, based on gas chromatography ion mobility spectroscopy (GC-IMS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the odor fingerprints of green beans were analyzed under 9 different treatments, including frying, steaming, boiling, quick freezing, precooling, freeze-drying, bleaching and dyeing, washing, and so on. The results showed that there were n-hexanal, 1-octen-3-ol, octanol, 2-pentylthiazole and other compounds in green beans under all different treatment methods. The kinds of volatile organic compounds were the same, but the contents were different.

Green wheat kernel was used as the research material， based on gas chromatography ion mobility spectroscopy(GC-IMS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)， the odor fingerprints of Green wheat kernel were analyzed under 9 different treatments， including frying， steaming， boiling， quick freezing，precooling， freeze-drying， bleaching and dyeing， washing， and so on. The results showed that there were n-hexanal， nonanal， benzaldehyde， 2-pentylthiazole and other compounds in Green wheat kernel under all different treatment methods. The kinds of volatile organic compounds were the same， but the contents were different.

You should leave 8 mm of space above the abstract and 10 mm after the abstract. The heading Abstract should be typed in bold 8, 5-point Times. The body of the abstract should be typed in normal 8, 5-point Times in a single paragraph, immediately following the heading. The text should be set to 1.15 line spacing. The abstract should be centred across the page, indented 15 mm from the left and right page margins and justified. It should not normally exceed 200 words. 1 Introduction