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Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are released by plants when they encounter biotic stress, but their functions in the response to abiotic stress have not been determined. We have previously shown that exogenous application of (Z)‐3‐hexeny‐1‐yl acetate (Z‐3‐HAC), a kind of GLV, could alleviate salt stress in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seedlings; however, notably little is known concerning the transcription regulation mechanisms of Z‐3‐HAC. In this study, we comprehensively characterized the transcriptomes and physiological indices of peanut seedlings exposed to Z‐3‐HAC and/or salt stress. Analysis of transcriptome data showed that 1420 genes were upregulated in the seedlings primed with Z‐3‐HAC under salt stress compared with the non‐primed treatment. Interestingly, these genes were significantly enriched in the photosynthetic and ascorbate metabolism‐related categories, as well as several plant hormone metabolism pathways. The physiological data revealed that Z‐3‐HAC significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate, SPAD value, plant height and shoot biomass compared with the non‐primed peanut seedlings under salt stress. A significantly higher ratio of K+:Na+, reduced‐to‐oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG), and ascorbate‐to‐dehydroascorbate (AsA:DHA) were also observed for the plants primed with Z‐3‐HAC compared with the salt stress control. Meanwhile, Z‐3‐HAC significantly increased the activity of enzymes in the AsA‐GSH cycle. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of Z‐3‐HAC in protecting peanut seedlings against salt stress by affecting photosynthesis, cellular redox homeostasis, K+:Na+ homeostasis, and phytohormones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clarifying carbon and nitrogen emissions of different peanut rotation planting system can provide an effective reference to achieve high yield, high efficiency, and low carbon and nitrogen emissions. Based on field surveys on agricultural inputs and field managements, we calculated the carbon footprint and nitrogen footprint of three planting modes (rape-peanut rotation, wheat-peanut rotation and peanut monoculture) in Huanggang, Hubei Province. The results showed that compared with wheat-peanut rotation, carbon emission per unit area of rape-peanut rotation decreased by 7.8%, carbon emission per unit net present value decreased by 36.9%, the nitrogen emission per unit area decreased by 12.5%, and nitrogen emission per unit net present value decreased by 41.9%. Compared with peanut monoculture, rape-peanut rotation reduced carbon and nitrogen emissions by 19.6% and 30.8%, respectively. The net income of rape-peanut rotation was 1.4 times as that of wheat-peanut rotation and 2.4 times as that of peanut monoculture. It is suggested that rape-peanut rotation could achieve the synergistic benefits of high yield and efficiency and low carbon and nitrogen emissions, which is conducive to the green, high quality, and high efficiency production of oil crops.