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Background/Objectives: Physiotherapists face significant challenges in managing chronic pain; a complex condition best addressed through a biopsychosocial (BPS) approach. Although substantial evidence exists globally, research specific to Spain remains limited. This study explores the experiences and challenges Spanish physiotherapists encounter in integrating BPS elements across public and private healthcare settings. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with 12 experienced physiotherapists were conducted, using a qualitative approach with purposive sampling and reflexive thematic analysis. The analysis, grounded in a constructivist/interpretivist framework, allowed themes to emerge naturally from the data, supported by relevant quotes. Results: Three primary themes were identified: (1) challenges in implementing the BPS approach, including patient resistance and limited training; (2) facilitators for adopting the BPS model, such as multidisciplinary support and positive patient outcomes; and (3) emotional and psychological aspects of the physiotherapists. The findings highlight the complexities of chronic pain management in physiotherapy, emphasizing the need for enhanced psychological training, integrated multidisciplinary care, early diagnosis, and effective family involvement. These insights are critical for improving both patient care and physiotherapist well-being. Conclusions: This study provides valuable guidance for future strategies, focusing on educational enhancements, multidisciplinary collaboration, healthcare policy reform, and emotional support for physiotherapists within the Spanish healthcare context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated Spanish physiotherapists' orientations toward biopsychosocial and biomedical approaches in chronic pain management through a cross-sectional survey of 447 registered professionals. Validated questionnaires assessed knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) identified influential factors and ordinal regression determined the frequency of biopsychosocial application. Content analysis of open-ended responses explored barriers to biopsychosocial implementation. Over 50% of physiotherapists favored the biopsychosocial model, influenced by interdisciplinary work settings, advanced pain knowledge, and specific training. Comprehensive pain knowledge significantly impacted both biomedical and biopsychosocial orientations inversely. The biomedical approach was more prevalent among those with lower education levels and less pain knowledge, particularly at the beginning or over 20 years into their careers. Despite the theoretical preference for biopsychosocial among Spanish physiotherapists, practical application was infrequent, with only 9.8% always using it and 40.7% frequently. Self-reported confidence and skills were crucial determinants of biopsychosocial implementation frequency. Significant barriers included inadequate psychological skills (63.6%), coordination challenges (47.6%), time constraints (43.6%), patient misconceptions (34.2%), and systemic issues. These findings align with international research, highlighting the need to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and clinical practice. Addressing these challenges through targeted training and systemic reforms is crucial for improving chronic pain management globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyse the effectiveness of exercise therapy in improving pain and active or passive maximum mouth opening in patients with temporomandibular disorders. Data sources: PubMed Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL Complete and Physiotherapy Evidence Database, until April 2022, in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Review methods: We included randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of exercise therapy on pain and on active and passive maximum mouth opening in patients with temporomandibular disorders. Effect size was calculated using Cohen's standardized mean difference (SMD) and their 95% confidence interval (95% CI) in a random-effects model. Results: A total of 16 studies with 812 participants were included. Exercise therapy is effective in reducing pain (SMD: −0.58; 95% CI: −1.01 to −0.12) and increasing the pain pressure threshold (SMD: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.14–0.76), active and passive maximum mouth opening (SMD: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.14–0.71 and SMD: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.06–0.75, respectively). Subgroup analyses showed more effect of exercise therapy more splints versus splints on pain (SMD: −0.5; 95% CI: −0.73 to −0.26), active and passive maximum mouth opening (SMD: 1.14; 95% CI: 0.22–2.07 and SMD: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.06–1.06, respectively). On pain pressure threshold, exercise therapy was better than physiotherapy approach (manual therapy and electrotherapy) (SMD: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.09–0.87). Conclusions: Therapeutic exercise is an effective therapy to reduce pain and increase pain pressure threshold and active and passive maximum mouth opening in patients with temporomandibular disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Kahoot! is an educational tool allowing teachers to create a series of gamified tests with the aim of reinforcing educational content, thus improving the teaching-learning process. The objective of this project is to evaluate the acquisition of content through gamified tests with Kahoot! and reward cards compared to the traditional teaching methodology (contents not reinforced). Methods: This Physiotherapy Teaching Innovation Project (PTIP) was carried out in four subjects of the Degree in Physiotherapy at the University of Jaén (Spain). The teachers responsible for each subject were instructed in the use of Kahoot! and reward cards. These teachers randomly selected the contents that were going to be reinforced with Kahoot! while the other 50% of the contents would not be reinforced. In the final exam of each subject, the results related to the reinforced contents were compared with those non-reinforced and the degree of satisfaction of the students with the experience was evaluated. Results: A total of 313 students participated in this PTIP. In all subjects, we determined a significant increase in the number of correct answers in an improvement range from 7% (95% CI 3.85 to 9.38) to more than 20% (95% CI 17.61 to 26.86) in favor of the questions that alluded to reinforced content using Kahoot! compared to the non-reinforced contents. More than 90% of the participants considered the use of Kahoot! useful and motivating. Our findings showed that Kahoot! motivated more than 65% of students to study daily. Conclusions: The students obtained better academic results in the questions related to contents reinforced with tests through Kahoot! and reward cards compared to those non-reinforced, showing that this methodology can be an effective tool to promote retention and content assimilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aibar-Almazán, A, Martínez-Amat, A, Cruz-Díaz, D, Jesús de la Torre-Cruz, M, Jiménez-García, JD, Zagalaz-Anula, N, Redecillas-Peiró, MT, Mendoza-Ladrón de Guevara, N, and Hita-Contreras, F. The influence of Pilates exercises on body composition, muscle strength, and gait speed in community-dwelling older women: a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2298–2305, 2022—Population aging is a global phenomenon that has wide-ranging consequences for the health of individuals, including age-related obesity, muscle loss, and a decline in muscle strength and gait speed. These alterations are associated with disability, functional decline, and mortality in older adults. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of Pilates exercises on body composition, handgrip strength, and physical performance among community-dwelling Spanish women aged 60 and older. A randomized controlled trial of a 12-week Pilates training program was conducted. A total of 109 women were randomly allocated to either a control (n = 54) or a Pilates (n = 55) group. Body composition was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance. Body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat, and height-adjusted skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) were assessed before and immediately after the intervention, as were physical performance, estimated by gait speed (timed up-and-go test), and handgrip strength. Statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) were observed both within and between groups for handgrip strength (Cohen's d = 0.40 and 0.52 respectively) and gait speed (Cohen's d = 0.86 and 0.87 respectively). After 12 weeks, BMI significantly decreased (Cohen's d = 0.07) only in the Pilates group. No significant differences were observed regarding SMI. In conclusion, a 12-week Pilates exercise intervention on community dwelling women over 60 years old shows beneficial effects on muscle strength, physical performance, and BMI, but failed to induce any changes on body composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to analyze the efficacy of Corrective exercise-based therapy in the improvement of deformity and quality of life in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Data sources: PubMed Medline, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), Physiotherapy Evidence Database, CINAHL Complete and SciELO, until June 2021. Review methods: Randomized controlled trials was selected, including participants diagnosed with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, in which the experimental group received Corrective exercise-based therapy. Two authors independently searched the scientific literature in the data sources, extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias. A pairwise meta-analysis using the random-effects model was performed. Results: Eight randomized controlled trials providing data from 279 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients were included. Seven randomized controlled trials including 236 patients showed moderate-quality evidence for a medium effect (SMD = −0.52, 95% CI −0.96 to −0.1), favoring corrective exercise-based therapy for spinal deformity reduction. Corrective exercise-based therapy was better than no intervention (SMD = −0.59, 95% CI −1.18 to −0.01) but similar to other intervention (SMD = −0.2, 95% CI −0.67 to 0.27), and a medium effect was found (SMD = −0.51, 95% CI −0.89 to −0.13) when corrective exercise-based therapy was used with other therapies. Four studies including 151 patients showed low-quality evidence of a large effect of Corrective exercise-based therapy on Scoliosis Research Society measurement (SRS-22) total score improvement (SMD = 1.16, 95% CI 0.36 to 1.95). Conclusion: In mild and moderate adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients, corrective exercise-based therapy could be used to reduce spinal deformity and to improve quality of life as isolated treatment or as coadjuvant treatment combined with other therapeutic resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To analyse the efficacy of Nintendo Wii therapy (NWT) on functional balance in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Method: A systematic review with meta‐analysis (PROSPERO identification number CRD42020169510) was performed using randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effect of NWT on functional, dynamic, and static balance in children with CP, assessed with the Pediatric Balance Scale, the Timed Get Up and Go Test, and the One Leg Stance Test respectively. The pooled effect was calculated using the Cohen's standardized mean difference (SMD). Results: Eleven RCTs with 270 children (when sex was reported: 43% females, 57% males) with CP (mean age [SD] 10y 1mo [1y 1mo], range 5–16y) were included. On functional balance, we found very low‐quality evidence with a large effect of NWT compared with no intervention (SMD 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02–1.89) and moderate‐quality evidence for using NWT plus conventional physical therapy (CPT) versus CPT (SMD 0.78, 95% CI 0.20–1.35) in sessions of approximately 30 minutes (SMD 0.86, 95% CI 0.20–1.52) and interventions lasting longer than 3 weeks (SMD 1.03, 95% CI 0.58–1.47). For dynamic balance, very low‐quality evidence for a medium effect for using NWT plus CPT versus CPT (SMD 0.70, 95% CI 0.12–1.29) was found. Interpretation: NWT can be considered an effective treatment for improving functional and dynamic balance in children with CP, especially when combined with CPT in 30‐minute sessions with interventions lasting longer than 3 weeks. What this paper addsModerate‐quality evidence with a large effect of Nintendo Wii therapy (NWT) on functional balance, compared with conventional physical therapy (CPT).Moderate‐quality evidence with medium effect of NWT plus CPT on functional and dynamic balance, compared with CPT.Appropriate NWT sessions should be equal to or slightly less than 30 minutes.NWT interventions must be longer than 3 weeks. What this paper adds: Moderate‐quality evidence with a large effect of Nintendo Wii therapy (NWT) on functional balance, compared with conventional physical therapy (CPT).Moderate‐quality evidence with medium effect of NWT plus CPT on functional and dynamic balance, compared with CPT.Appropriate NWT sessions should be equal to or slightly less than 30 minutes.NWT interventions must be longer than 3 weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a lateral curvature of the spine with a Cobb angle of at least 10◦ with an unknown etiology. It is recognized that AIS may affect respiratory function. This study aims to describe and compare respiratory function in a case series of patients with scoliosis who underwent different types of therapeutic management: no intervention, orthotic brace, and global postural reeducation (GPR). Fifteen AIS patients were included in this study (seven no intervention, four orthotic brace and four GPR). Lung function and inspiratory muscle strength were measured and analyzed, as well as sociodemographic, clinical, and anthropometric variables. Significant correlations were observed between height (cm) and maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) reference (cmH2O) and forced vital capacity (FVC) (liters) (r = 0.650 and r = 0.673, respectively; p < 0.01); weight (Kg) and MIP reference (cmH2O) (r = 0.727; p < 0.01); and Main curve degrees (Cobb angle) and FVC% (r = −0.648; p < 0.01). The AIS cases that underwent GPR treatment presented a greater MIP (% predictive) compared to the no intervention and brace cases (201.1% versus 126.1% and 78.4%, respectively; p < 0.05). The results of this case series show a possible relation whereby patients undergoing treatment with the GPR method have greater inspiratory muscle strength compared to the no intervention and brace cases. Studies with larger samples and prospective designs must be performed to corroborate these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the World Health Organization had declared a pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on March 11, 2020 many governments, including the Government of Spain, declared the state of alarm enforcing a quarantine that have left millions of students confined to their homes. This home confinement has affected students of all levels, including university students, and has forced faculties to adapt online teaching strategies. Thus, traditional classroom face-to-face teaching has suddenly been replaced by online classes. This has revealed particularly challenging for medical courses. For such purpose we have designed an online teaching proposal addressed to the Degree in Physiotherapy and the Double Degree in Nursing and Physiotherapy of the University of Jaén (Spain). The objective is to implement an online virtual teaching protocol through the use of Virtual Reality. For such a goal, the Leap Motion Controller (LMC) will be used to teach the neuroanatomy of the brain and spinal cord and to teach and practice neurorehabilitation exercises. Along with devices like the LMC students will be asked to use Health Sciences databases in order to achieve a significative learning of the course topics. The project is structured in two phases. First, students will learn neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of the most relevant neurological conditions using LMC-based models. Then, they will learn to combine LMC games and conventional physiotherapy for neurorehabilitation purposes. The work of students will include the recording of videoreports demonstrating the acquisition of neuroanatomy concepts and simulating a clinical case. With this project we will assess the usability of LMC as an educative tool, the perception, satisfaction and self-regulated learning of physiotherapy students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: the main objective was to analyze the effects that an exercise programme based on the Pilates method would have on balance confidence, fear of falling, and postural control among women ≥60 years old. Methods: a total of 110 women (69.15 ± 8.94 years) participated in this randomized, controlled trial that took place in Jaén (Spain). The participants were randomly assigned to either a control group (n = 55), which received no intervention, or to a Pilates group (n = 55), which carried out an exercise programme based on the Pilates method in 60-minute sessions for 12 weeks. The Falls Efficacy Scale-International and the activity-specific balance confidence scale were respectively used to assess fear of falling and balance confidence in performing activities of daily living. Postural control was evaluated using a stabilometric platform. Results: Regarding balance confidence, the Pilates group showed higher values compared to the control group (77.52 ± 18.27 vs 72.35 ± 16.39, Cohen's d = 0.030). Women in the Pilates group showed lower fear of falling, compared to those of the control group (22.07 ± 5.73 vs 27.9 ± 6.95, Cohen's d = 0.041). Finally, concerning static balance, participants of the Pilates group experienced statistically significant improvements on the velocity and anteroposterior movements of the centre of pressure with eyes open and closed respectively (Cohen's d = 0.44 and 0.35 respectively). Conclusion: A 12-week Pilates training programme has beneficial effects on balance confidence, fear of falling and postural stability, in elderly women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Short Form of the Fonseca Anamnestic Index (SFAI) is a simple and quick questionnaire used for screening temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). The present study aimed to validate the Spanish version of the SFAI in patients with TMDs. The study sample comprised 112 subjects (50 TMDs and 52 controls). Test–retest reliability, factorial validity, internal consistency, concurrent validity, and the SFAI's ability to discriminate between TMDs subjects and healthy controls were analyzed using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD protocol) as the reference. Factor analysis showed a single factor that explained 63% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha was 0.849. The reliability of the items measured with the Kappa index showed values from 0.767 to 0.888. Test–retest reliability was substantial (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.837). The total SFAI score showed a significant correlation with orofacial pain, vertigo, and neck disability measurements. For a cut-off point of >10 points, the SFAI showed a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 78.85% at differentiating between TMDs patients and healthy subjects, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.852. The Spanish version of the SFAI is a valid and reliable instrument for diagnosing people with TMDs and shows generally good psychometric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Virtual reality-based therapy (VRBT) is a novel therapeutic approach to be used in women with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). The aim of our study is to assess the effect of VRBT to reduce the impact of FMS in outcomes such as pain, dynamic balance, aerobic capacity, fatigue, quality of life (QoL), anxiety and depression. Methods: Systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted from a bibliographic search in PubMed, Scopus, PEDro, Web of Science and CINAHL until April 2021 in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compare VRBT versus others to assess the mentioned outcomes in women with FMS. Effect size was calculated with standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: Eleven RCTs involving 535 women with FMS were included. Using the PEDro scale, the mean methodological quality of the included studies was moderate (6.63 ± 0.51). Our findings showed an effect of VRBT on the impact of FMS (SMD −0.62, 95% CI −0.93 to −0.31); pain (SMD −0.45, 95% CI −0.69 to −0.21); dynamic balance (SMD −0.76, 95% CI −1.12 to −0.39); aerobic capacity (SMD 0.32, 95% CI 0.004 to 0.63); fatigue (SMD −0.58, 95% CI −1.02 to −0.14); QoL (SMD 0.55, 95% CI 0.3 to 0.81); anxiety (SMD −0.47, 95% CI −0.91 to −0.03) and depression (SMD −0.46, 95% CI −0.76 to −0.16). Conclusions: VRBT is an effective therapy that reduces the impact of FMS, pain, fatigue, anxiety and depression and increases dynamic balance, aerobic capacity and quality of life in women with FMS. In addition, VRBT in combination with CTBTE showed a large effect in reducing the impact of FMS and fatigue and increasing QoL in these women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Krogh-Poulsen Test is a classic instrument to measure dysfunction of the stomatognathic system whose psychometric properties are unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Krogh-Poulsen Test for the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). A cross-sectional study was designed, including 119 patients (63 patients with TMD and 56 healthy controls). Factorial validity, inter-rater reliability, error of measurement, diagnostic validity of the Krogh-Poulsen Test, and concurrent validity were analyzed. The Krogh-Poulsen Test showed a three-factor structure. The inter-rater agreement could be considered very good with a kappa index of 0.87 (95% CI 0.83–0.90) and Standard Error of Measurement of 0.79. Correlations were strong with other orofacial instruments, moderate with instruments measuring TMD-related disorders such as neck pain, headache, or dizziness, and poor with generic quality of life instruments. The Area Under the Curve ROC was 0.928 showing, for a cut-off point >1, a sensitivity of 90.48 (95% CI 80.4–96.4) and a specificity of 85.71 (95% CI 73.8–93.6) for the diagnosis of TMD disorders. The Krogh-Poulsen Test showed a three-factor structure, very good inter-rater reliability, a strong correlation with other orofacial instruments, and an excellent capacity to discriminate between patients with or without TMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leap Motion Controller (LMC) is a virtual reality device that can be used in the rehabilitation of central nervous system disease (CNSD) motor impairments. This review aimed to evaluate the effect of video game-based therapy with LMC on the recovery of upper extremity (UE) motor function in patients with CNSD. A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed in PubMed Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and PEDro. We included five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of patients with CNSD in which LMC was used as experimental therapy compared to conventional therapy (CT) to restore UE motor function. Pooled effects were estimated with Cohen's standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI). At first, in patients with stroke, LMC showed low-quality evidence of a large effect on UE mobility (SMD = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.47, 1.45). In combination with CT, LMC showed very low-quality evidence of a large effect on UE mobility (SMD = 1.34; 95% CI = 0.49, 2.19) and the UE mobility-oriented task (SMD = 1.26; 95% CI = 0.42, 2.10). Second, in patients with non-acute CNSD (cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease), LMC showed low-quality evidence of a medium effect on grip strength (GS) (SMD = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.90) and on gross motor dexterity (GMD) (SMD = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.28, 1.17) in the most affected UE. In combination with CT, LMC showed very low-quality evidence of a high effect in the most affected UE on GMD (SMD = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.06, 1.15) and fine motor dexterity (FMD) (SMD = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.07, 1.57). In stroke, LMC improved UE mobility and UE mobility-oriented tasks, and in non-acute CNSD, LMC improved the GS and GMD of the most affected UE and FMD when it was used with CT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Helkimo Clinical Dysfunction Index (HCDI) is a simple and quick test used to evaluate subjects affected by temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), and its psychometric properties have not been tested. The test evaluates movement, joint function, pain and musculature, providing a quick general overview that could be very useful at different levels of care. For this reason, the aim of this study was to validate the use of the HCDI in a sample of patients with TMD. Methods: The sample consisted of 107 subjects, 60 TMD patients and 47 healthy controls. The study evaluated concurrent validity, inter-rater concordance and predictive values. Results: The HCDI showed moderate to substantial inter-rater concordance among the items and excellent concordance for the total scores. The correlation with other TMD assessment tests was high, the correlation with dizziness was moderate and the correlation with neck pain, headache and overall quality of life was poor. The prediction of TMD showed a sensitivity of 86.67%, a specificity of 68.09% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.841. Conclusions: The HCDI is a valid and reliable assessment instrument; its clinimetric properties are adequate, and it has a good ability to discriminate between TMD-affected and TMD-unaffected subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Balance problems are one of the most frequent symptoms in patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS). However, the extent and nature of this balance disorder are not known. The objective of this work was to determine the best evidence for the alteration of postural balance in patients with FMS and analyze differences with healthy controls. To meet this objective, a systematic review with meta-analysis was performed. A bibliographical search was carried out in PubMed Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and SciELO. Observational studies that assessed postural balance in patients with FMS compared to healthy subjects in baseline conditions, were selected. In a random-effect model, the pooled effect was calculated with the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Nineteen studies reporting data of 2347 participants (95% female) were included. FMS patients showed poor balance with a large effect on static (SMD = 1.578; 95% CI = 1.164, 1.992), dynamic (SMD = 0.946; 95% CI = 0.598, 1.294), functional balance (SMD = 1.138; 95% CI = 0.689, 1.588) and on balance confidence (SMD = 1.194; 95% CI = 0.914, 1.473). Analysis of the Sensory Organization Test showed large alteration of vestibular (SMD = 1.631; 95% CI = 0.467, 2.795) and visual scores (SMD = 1.317; 95% CI = 0.153, 2.481) compared to healthy controls. Patients with FMS showed worse scores for different measures of postural balance compared to healthy controls. Concretely, FMS patients appear to have poor vestibular and visual scores with a possible somatosensory dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To develop and validate a tool for evaluating balance and neuromotor function in patients with fibromyalgia (FMS). Methods: Brainstorming, the nominal group technique, and pilot-testing were used to select a battery of 20 functional balance tests that were included in a screening tool. A total of 108 subjects (62 with fibromyalgia syndrome, 22 aged over 65 years, and 24 healthy subjects) participated in this validation study. Factor validity, internal consistency, the ability to discriminate between patients and healthy subjects, and concurrent validity with the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI), the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), and other tools for measuring balance, such as the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC-16), the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), and posturographic parameters, were evaluated. Results: The factorial analysis extracted four factors that explained 70% of the variance. The Alpha Cronbach value was 0.928. Concurrent validity of the screening tool with respect to other tools was high, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed an AUC value of 0.932 for discriminating between healthy and FMS subjects. Severe balance disorder related to head movements in FMS patients was found. Conclusion: The 20-item JAEN (Joint Assessment of Equilibrium and Neuro-motor Function) screening tool is a valid and reliable tool for assessing balance in patients with FMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) offers a simple method to screen temporomandibular disorders (TMD). This study aimed to validate the Spanish version of the FAI in patients with TMD. Methods: The sample consisted of 125 subjects (66 TMD and 59 controls) aged over 18 years. Construct validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity and capacity to discriminate between TMD and healthy subjects were analyzed. Results: The Spanish version of the FAI showed a structure formed by three factors. Cronbach's alpha was 0.826. The reliability of the items varied between substantial to almost perfect and was excellent for the total score (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.937). The standard error of measurement (SEM) was 6.52, with a minimum detectable change (MDC) of 12.78. FAI score showed a significant correlation with headache, neck pain and vertigo measurements. A cut-off point >35 showed a sensitivity = 83.33% and a specificity = 77.97% in differentiating between healthy and TMD patients, with an area under the curve (AUC) = 0.865. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the FAI is a valid and reliable instrument for diagnosing people with TMD, with appropriate general clinimetric properties. Discrimination between patients with and without TMD is excellent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subjective visual vertical (SVV) test has been frequently used to measure vestibular contribution to the perception of verticality. Recently, mobile devices have been used to efficiently perform this measurement. The aim of this study was to analyze the perception of verticality in subjects with migraines and headaches. A cross-sectional study was conducted that included 28 patients with migraine, 74 with tension-type headache (TTH), and 93 healthy subjects. The SVV test was used through a new virtual reality system. The mean absolute error (MAE) of degrees deviation was also measured to qualify subjects as positive when it was greater than 2.5°. No differences in the prevalence of misperception in verticality was found among healthy subjects (31.18%), migraineurs (21.43%), or those with TTH (33.78%) (p = 0.480). The MAE was not significantly different between the three groups (migraine = 1.36°, TTH = 1.61°, and healthy = 1.68°) (F = 1.097, p = 0.336, and η2 = 0.011). The perception of verticality could not be explained by any variable usually related to headaches. No significant differences exist in the vestibular contribution to the perception of verticality between patients with headaches and healthy subjects. New tests measuring visual and somatosensory contribution should be used to analyze the link between the perception of verticality and headaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objective of this systematic review was to assess a possible relationship between stomatognathic alterations and idiopathic scoliosis (IS)., Design: This study is a systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies., Methods: The protocol of this systematic review with meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022370593). A bibliographic search was carried out in the Pubmed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Web of Science and CINAHL databases using the MeSH terms 'Scoliosis' and 'Stomatognathic Disease'. The odds ratio (OR) of prevalence and standardized mean difference (SMD) were used to synthesize the results., Results: Of 1592 studies located, 14 studies were selected with 3018 subjects (age: 13.9 years). IS was related to Angle's class II (OR = 2.052, 95% CI = 1.236-3.406) and crossbite (OR = 2.234, 95% CI = 1.639-3.045). Patients with malocclusion showed a higher prevalence of IS than controls (OR = 4.633, 95% CI = 1.467-14.628), and subjects with IS showed high overjet (SMD = 0.405, 95% CI = 0.149-0.661) and greater dysfunction due to temporomandibular disorders (SMD = 1.153, 95% CI = 0.780-1.527)., Conclusion: Compared with healthy controls, subjects with IS have twice the risk of suffering from occlusion disorders, present greater temporomandibular dysfunction and have a greater overjet in the incisors. Moreover, subjects with malocclusion have an IS prevalence up to four times higher. The systematic orofacial examination of patients with IS should be recommended.