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The objective of this paper is to obtain an excellent structure of a rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (RHCR) by a numerical method and then to investigate the cavitating flow characteristics of the optimized RHCR experimentally. The RNG k-ε turbulence model combined with the Zwart cavitation model was applied to analyze the influence of the straight blade number, the baffle position and the baffle shape on the pressure field, bubble distribution and turbulence kinetic energy of the RHCR. The results show that compared to the original model, an RHCR with a straight blade number of 6, a baffle position of 0.74 and a triangular baffle offers better cavitation performance. Moreover, the energy performance and the cavitation development process of the optimized RHCR were studied experimentally. The results indicate that the multiscale bubbles are induced by straight blades and baffles of the optimized RHCR, accompanied by the twice quasi-periodic shedding dynamics in one cycle. The findings of this study have positive significance for the design and optimization of RHCRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to introduce a concept of type-2 L-preorders for L being a complete residuated lattice. It can be considered as a common framework of L-preorders and hemimetrics, and also contains various kinds of fuzzy metrics, including Morsi fuzzy metrics, KM-fuzzy metrics and modular metrics, as natural examples. It is shown that the category of L-preordered sets can be reflectively and coreflectively embedded in that of type-2 L-preordered sets. A type-2 L-preorder can be supplied as different models for further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation of the breakup and transfer effect of weakly bound nuclei on the fusion process has been an interesting research topic in the past several years. In comparison with radioactive ion beam (RIB), the beam intensities of stable weakly bound nuclei such as 6,7Li and 9Be, which have significant breakup probability, are orders of magnitude higher. Precise fusion measurements induced by these nuclei have already been performed. However, the conclusion of reaction dynamics was not clear and has contradiction. In order to have a proper understanding of the influence of breakup and transfer of weakly bound projectiles on the fusion process, the 6Li+89Y experiment with incident energies of 22 MeV and 34 MeV was performed on Galileo array in combination with Si-ball EUCLIDES at Legnaro National Laboratory (LNL) in Italy. Using the coincidence by the charged particles and γ-rays, the different reaction channels can be clearly identified.

1. Chicken primary myoblasts (CPMs) are precursors that form muscle fibres. The proliferation and differentiation of CPMs is an essential stage in muscle development. Previous RNA-seq analysis showed that phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) is a differentially expressed gene in chicken muscle tissue at different growth stages. Therefore, the following study explored the effect of PHGDH on the proliferation and differentiation of CPMs. 2. The effect on the proliferation of CPMs by RT–qPCR, CCK-8, and EdU assays after the overexpression and knockdown of PHGDH was evaluated. RT–qPCR, western blotting, and indirect immunofluorescence were used to detect the effect of PHGDH on the differentiation of the CPMs. The expression was observed at different time points for differentiation induced by the CPMs. 3. The results showed that PHGDH significantly promoted proliferation and differentiation in CPMs. The results showed that overexpression of PHGDH significantly upregulated CPM proliferation, while knockdown had the opposite effect. Marker genes showed that overexpression of PHGDH significantly upregulated the expression of P21, MYOG and MYOD genes, significantly downregulated the expression of the MSTN gene and promoted the expression of the MYHC protein. In contrast, PHGDH knockdown had the opposite effect. 4. Desmin immunofluorescence analysis of myotube differentiation in primary myoblasts showed that overexpression of PHGDH significantly increased the area of myotube differentiation and promoted the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. Knockdown of PHGDH had the opposite effect. 5. In summary, PHGDH was shown to play a positive role in regulating myoblast proliferation and differentiation. This provides a theoretical basis for further analysis of the regulatory mechanism of the PHGDH gene in chicken muscle development and for improving poultry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation of the breakup and transfer effect of weakly bound nuclei on the fusion process has been an interesting research topic in the past several years. However, owing to the low intensities of the presently available radioactive ion beam (RIB), it is difficult to clearly explore the reaction mechanisms of nuclear systems with unstable nuclei. In comparison with RIB, the beam intensities of stable weakly bound nuclei such as 6,7Li and 9Be, which have significant breakup probability, are orders of magnitude higher. Precise fusion measurements have already been performed with those stable weakly bound nuclei, and the effect of breakup of those nuclei on the fusion process has been extensively studied. Those nuclei indicated large production cross sections for particles other than the α + x breakup. The particles are originated from non-capture breakup (NCBU), incomplete fusion (ICF) and transfer processes. However, the conclusion of reaction dynamics was not clear and has the contradiction. In our previous experiments we have performed 6Li+96Zr and 154Sm at HI-13 Tandem accelerator of China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) by using HPGe array. It is shown that there is a small complete fusion (CF) suppression on medium-mass target nucleus 96Zr different from about 35% suppression on heavier target nucleus 154Sm at near-barrier energies. It seems that the CF suppression factor depends on the charge of target nuclei. We also observed one neutron transfer process. However, the experimental data are scarce for medium-mass target nuclei. In order to have a proper understanding of the influence of breakup and transfer of weakly bound projectiles on the fusion process, we performed the 6Li+89Y experiment with incident energies of 22 MeV and 34 MeV on Galileo array in cooperation with Si-ball EUCLIDES at Legnaro National Laboratory (LNL) in Italy. Using particle-particle and particle-γ coincidences, the different reaction mechanisms can be clearly explored.

The fusion excitation function for the positive-Q-value system 12C+30Si (Qfus = +14.1 MeV) has been measured in inverse kinematics down to the μb level and compared with standard coupled-channel calculations. The appearance of the fusion hindrance phenomenon and the evidence of a S-factor maximum have been observed. This result can be significant to extrapolate the behavior of lighter astrophysical relevant systems at deep sub-barrier energies, where existing experimental data are still contradicting and affected by large errors.

1. The goals of this study were to analyse the changes in microbiota composition of chilled chicken during storage and identify microbial biomarkers related to meat freshness. 2. The study used 16S rDNA sequencing to track the microbiota shift in chilled chicken during storage. Associations between microbiota composition and storage time were analysed and microbial biomarkers were identified. 3. The results showed that microbial diversity of chilled chicken decreased with the storage time. A total of 27 and 24 microbial biomarkers were identified by using orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) and the random forest regression approach, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that the OPLS regression approach had better performance in identifying freshness-related biomarkers. The multiple stepwise regression analysis identified four key microbial biomarkers, including Streptococcus, Carnobacterium, Serratia and Photobacterium genera and constructed a predictive model. 4. The study provided microbial biomarkers and a model related to the freshness of chilled chicken. These findings provide a basis for developing detection methods of the freshness of chilled chicken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gamma-ray angular distributions in oriented 92 Mo produced via the 6 Li+ 89 Y reaction were studied in this work. The characteristic γ rays in 92 Mo were measured by means of the GALILEO array, which is composed of 25 Compton-suppressed HPGe detectors arranged in a nearly 2 π geometry. A detailed analysis of the spin-alignment attenuation factors ( α 2 ) for different excited states in 92 Mo was performed, by analyzing the measured angular distribution coefficients of several pure-E2 transitions. The relationship between α 2 and the spin was established in 92 Mo and the 244-keV transition between the 5 1 - and 4 1 + states resulted to have a E1 + M2 character with a mixing ratio (δ ) of - 0. 05 - 0.06 + 0.05 , consistent with shell model calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]