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BACKGROUND RESULTS CONCLUSION Previous studies have demonstrated that the addition of chitosan can improve the quality and functional properties of meat products. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the effect and mechanism of the addition of chitosan on the gel properties of myofibrillar protein (MP) were investigated.The results indicated that the gel strength and the water‐holding capacity of MP‐chitosan gel increased significantly when chitosan was added at 2.5–10 mg mL−1. Myofibrillar protein samples with 10 mg mL−1 added chitosan exhibited the highest elasticity and viscosity during gel formation and strengthening. The addition of chitosan also caused a modification in both the secondary and tertiary structure of MP, resulting in an enhanced exposure of hydrophobic and sulfhydryl groups in comparison with the control. Chitosan inhibited the conversion of immobilized water into free water and the formation of water channels during the thermal gelation process of MP. The denaturation enthalpy (ΔH) of myosin decreased as the concentration of chitosan exceeded 5 mg mL−1. The microstructure showed that the incorporation of chitosan (5–10 mg mL−1) facilitated the formation of compact and well organized MP gel networks.The addition of chitosan can enhance the functional properties of meat protein and facilitate heat‐induced gelation, making it a promising ingredient for improving the quality of processed meat products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is reported that CD123 + HLA-DR- cells in PBMC are basophils, and CD203c, CD63, and FcεRI molecules are activation markers of basophils. However, little is known of CD123 + HLA-DR-cells in blood granulocytes. Objective: To investigate the presence of CD123 + HLA-DR- cells in the blood granulocytes and peripheral PBMC of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), as well as the impact of allergens on the cell membrane markers of basophils. Methods: Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of the membrane molecules. Results: While CD123 + HLA-DR- PBMCs are representative of basophils, their presence did not significantly change in patients with AR. In contrast, both the percentage and number of CD123 + HLA-DR- granulocytes, which make up only up to 50% of basophils, were significantly increased in patients with seasonal (sAR) and perennial AR (pAR). CD63+, CD203c+, and FcεRIα+ cells within CD123 + HLA-DR- granulocytes also showed enhanced activity in patients with AR. Allergen extracts from house dust mite allergen extract (HDME) and Artemisia sieversiana wild extract further increased the number of CD123 + HLA-DR- cells in granulocytes of sAR and pAR patients, as well as in PBMCs of pAR patients. Conclusions: The use of CD123 + HLA-DR- granulocytes and PBMC may not be sufficient for diagnosing AR. Allergens could potentially contribute to the development of AR by influencing the number of CD123 + HLA-DR- cells, as well as the expression of CD63, CD203c, and FcεRIαin these cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to investigating the boundedness, continuity and compactness for variation operators of singular integrals and their commutators on Morrey spaces and Besov spaces. More precisely, we establish the boundedness for the variation operators of singular integrals with rough kernels Ω ∈ Lq(Sn−1) (q > 1) and their commutators on Morrey spaces as well as the compactness for the above commutators on Lebesgue spaces and Morrey spaces. In addition, we present a criterion on the boundedness and continuity for a class of variation operators of singular integrals and their commutators on Besov spaces. As applications, we obtain the boundedness and continuity for the variation operators of Hilbert transform, Hermit Riesz transform, Riesz transforms and rough singular integrals as well as their commutators on Besov spaces.

Enhanced plasticity is obtained in a structurally rejuvenated Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) that has been treated via cryogenic thermal cycling (CTC) for one hundred cycles. More than one primary shear band is activated due to the structural rejuvenation, which can inhibit the jerky and system-spanning propagation of shear bands to generate sluggish shear-dynamics. These are mapped to the slip statistics, including the decreased critical avalanche size, the much longer avalanche duration of large (system-spanning) slips, and a great number of small avalanches. Moreover, the universal scaling of slip avalanches for three applied stress ranges is addressed to predict the applied stress at which the failure avalanche appears most. These results indicate that slip statistics can be the fingerprints to show how much the BMG is rejuvenated, and the failure avalanche provides a good opportunity to intervene in the failure of BMGs in advance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnolol (MG) and Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. oil (BJO) possess synergetic anti-tumor effects, but have poor water solubility and stability, which results in low oral bioavailability. The MG loaded self-microemulsion drug delivery system (MG-SMDDS) with BJO as oil phase component was utilized to improve the cellular uptake and synergetic anti-tumor effects. Compatibility study and pseudoternary phase diagram (PTPD) were respectively employed to screen for the composition and proportion of oil phase in the formulation. Central composite design-effect surface method was applied to optimize proportion of each formulation condition. The droplet size, ζ-potential, colloid stability, encapsulation rate (ER) and in vitro dissolution rate of MG-SMDDS were evaluated. Furthermore, cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of the microemulsion on HepG2 cells were assessed. The optimal composition of MG-SMDDS was: MG (9.09%), castor oil (7.40%), BJO (2.47%), Cremophor EL 35 (54.04%) and 1, 2-propanediol (27.01%). The MG-SMDDS exhibited satisfactory droplet size, ζ-potential, colloid stability and ER, as well as faster dissolution rate than free MG. More importantly, SMEDDS containing BJO could enhance the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of free BJO and free MG on tumor cells. The BJO self-microemulsion delivery technique can provide an idea for design of oral delivery vehicles based on BJO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]