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The study of plant phenotypes based on 3D models has become an important research direction for automatic plant phenotype acquisition. Building a labeled three-dimensional dataset of the whole growth period can help the development of 3D crop plant models in point cloud segmentation. Therefore, the demand for 3D whole plant growth period model datasets with organ-level markers is growing rapidly. In this study, five different soybean varieties were selected, and three-dimensional reconstruction was carried out for the whole growth period (13 stages) of soybean using multiple-view stereo technology (MVS). Leaves, main stems, and stems of the obtained three-dimensional model were manually labeled. Finally, two-point cloud semantic segmentation models, RandLA-Net and BAAF-Net, were used for training. In this paper, 102 soybean stereoscopic plant models were obtained. A dataset with original point clouds was constructed and the subsequent analysis confirmed that the number of plant point clouds was consistent with corresponding real plant development. At the same time, a 3D dataset named Soybean-MVS with labels for the whole soybean growth period was constructed. The test result of mAccs at 88.52% and 87.45% verified the availability of this dataset. In order to further promote the study of point cloud segmentation and phenotype acquisition of soybean plants, this paper proposed an annotated three-dimensional model dataset for the whole growth period of soybean for 3D plant organ segmentation. The release of the dataset can provide an important basis for proposing an updated, highly accurate, and efficient 3D crop model segmentation algorithm. In the future, this dataset will provide important and usable basic data support for the development of three-dimensional point cloud segmentation and phenotype automatic acquisition technology of soybeans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were functionalized with pyrogallol. The functionalized MWNTs were well-dispersed in the epoxy/curing agent/ethanol solution, as demonstrated by UV-vis spectra and optical micrographs. Epoxy resin/MWNTs composites were prepared via solution mixing method. The cure behavior was characterized using differential scanning calorimetry. Pyrogallol-functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reacted with the epoxy through the mediation reaction of pyrogallol with the curing agent, leading to the interfacial bonding between the functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the resin matrix. Due to the excellent dispersion and interfacial bonding, the mechanical strength and electrical conductivity of the epoxy resin/CNTs composites have been improved., INTRODUCTION Epoxy resin becomes the main application resin due to high bond strength, wide adhesive surface, low shrinkage, high mechanical strength, low prices, and excellent chemical resistance and oil resistance [...]

Intrusion detection, as a technology used to monitor abnormal behavior and maintain network security, has attracted many researchers' attention in recent years. Thereinto, association rule mining is one of the mainstream methods to construct intrusion detection systems (IDS). However, the existing association rule algorithms face the challenges of high false positive rate and low detection rate. Meanwhile, too many rules might lead to the uncertainty increase that affects the performance of IDS. In order to tackle the above problems, a modified genetic network programming (GNP) is proposed for class association rule mining. Specifically, based on the property that node connections in the directed graph structure of GNP can be used to construct attribute associations, we propose to introduce information gain into GNP node selection. The most important attributes are thus selected, and the irrelevant attributes are removed before the rule is extracted. Moreover, not only the uncertainty among the class association rules is alleviated and also time consumption is reduced. The extracted rules can be applied to any classifier without affecting the detection performance. Experiment results based on NSL-KDD and KDDCup99 verify the performance of our proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from two new furniture including footstool and bedside table, were measured in an environmental chamber. Nine VOCs including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylene, o-xylene, styrene, n-undecane, and n-butyl acetate were identified and quantified by thermal desorption and gas chromatography. The effect of loading rate (the ratio of the furniture surface area to the chamber volume) on VOCs emissions was investigated. The release of dominant organics differed with the furniture and significant differences were observed at different loading rates. The change of VOCs concentrations showed a good fit with results from a double-exponential decay model. When the loading rate was doubled, the VOCs concentrations of footstool and bedside table increased 1.108–2.096 and 1.116–3.095 times, respectively. Moreover, human health impact due to pollutants released from new furniture at various loading rates was assessed. By simulating VOCs emissions from bedside table in the indoor conditions previously, the maximum value of HI (non-cancer risk hazard index) at high loading rate (3.6 m2/m3) for six pollutants (toluene, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylene, o-xylene and styrene) was 12.8 times higher than the public acceptable value, implying high non-cancer risk. The present work should be valuable for evaluating VOCs emissions and the relevant human health effects from new furniture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To overcome the insufficient understanding of the detoxification mechanisms of Chemical Warfare Agents (CWAs) and simulants by a molybdate-activated hydrogen peroxide solution (MoO 4 2−-H 2 O 2), detoxification performances toward CWAs and simulants were tested. The detoxification efficacy toward mustard gas (HD), nerve agent GD and VX by using MoO 4 2−-H 2 O 2 was higher than that by using H 2 O 2 activated/modified by sodium hydroxide, ammonia, bicarbonate, and borates, but the vesicant mustard sulfone (HDO 2) was only formed when using MoO 4 2−-H 2 O 2 to detoxify HD. Although Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen (1O 2), superoxide anion (O 2 −), H 2 O 2 and peroxide anion (OOH−) were detected by electron spin resonance (ESR) and chemiluminescence (CL) in the 0.1 M MoO 4 2−-1.0 M H 2 O 2 solution, 95Mo NMR indicated that Mo(O 2) 4 2− was the dominant oxidant for the oxidation of sulfide to sulfoxide and then to sulfone. Oxidation of HD by Mo(O 2) 4 2− occurred on the HD-drop/water interface through a direct oxygen transfer mechanism without the participation of H 2 O molecules, and further oxidation of HD to HDO 2 was inevitable in an aqueous MoO 4 2−-H 2 O 2 solution. 18O tracer experiments confirmed that OOH−-based perhydrolysis dominated the detoxification reaction of nerve agents in an alkaline H 2 O 2 solution. Considering the balance of oxidation/nucleophilic reactivity for a practical decontaminant, pH 10.5–11 range was recommended as the ideal for the MoO 4 2−-H 2 O 2 system to detoxify CWAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A tunable isotropic negative effective permeability is experimentally demonstrated in a three-dimensional (3D) dielectric composite consisting of dielectric ceramic cube arrays by temperature changing. It shows that a strong subwavelength magnetic resonance can be excited in dielectric cubes corresponding to the first Mie resonance mode and can be continuously and reversibly adjusted from 13.65 to 19.28 GHz with the temperature changing from -15 to 35 °C. Accordingly, negative permeability can be performed in the frequency range of about 6 GHz by adjusting the temperature. It provides a convenient route to design adaptive metamaterials and 3D invisible cloak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A magnetotunable left-handed material (LHM) consisting of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) slab and metallic wires has been demonstrated by experiments and simulations. The left-handed passband through the LHM can be dynamically and continuously tuned in a wide frequency region by an applied magnetic field. The tunability of the passband is attributed to that of the negative permeability induced by ferromagnetic resonance in the YIG slab. The authors proposed a convenient means to design tunable LHM based on the ferromagnetic materials as an alternative to tunable split ring resonators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]