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Yersinia enterocolitica (Y. enterocolitica) is an important foodborne pathogen that causes gastrointestinal syndromes. The objectives of this study were to examine the incidence of Y. enterocolitica strains in food samples in China and determine their genotypes, in addition to assessing their antimicrobial resistance and pathogenic potential. From June 2015 to June 2016, a total of 1588 food samples were obtained, and 37 (2.33%) were found to be contaminated with Y. enterocolitica. A total of 51 different Y. enterocolitica strains were isolated. All isolates belonged to biotype 1A, and the predominant serotype was O:5. All strains lacked the ail , virF , ystA , and yadA virulence genes, but most strains (>75%) harbored the ymoA , sat , hreP , fepD , and fes genes. Over 85% of the 51 isolated strains were sensitive to tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol, whereas they were resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Furthermore, all the strains were divided into seven clusters according to the results of the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction. Our research emphasizes, for the first time, that more stringent cold storage methods may increase the risk of Y. enterocolitica contamination. • Y. enterocolitica with the bioserotype 1A/O:5 dominates in retail food in China. • The contamination rate in supermarket is higher than that in traditional market. • The drug resistance of foodborne Y. enterocolitica has regional characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) covers one of the largest drylands in the world, while the relative effects of different environmental factors on plant diversity are poorly understood. We sampled 66 sites in a typical dryland of XUAR, which covers more than 450,000 km 2 , to evaluate the relative influences of different factors on the patterns of local plant species richness (LPSR). We found that overall and herbaceous LPSR were positively correlated with water availability, soil nutrients but negatively correlated with energy availability, while the shrub LPSR showed the opposite response. Climate, soil attributes together explained 53.2% and 59.2% of the variance in overall and herbaceous LPSR, respectively; revealing that LPSR patterns were shaped by abiotic and underground biotic factors together. Only 31.5% of the variance in the shrub LPSR was explained by soil attributes, indicating that shrub LPSR was mainly limited by non-climatic factors. There findings provide robust evidence that relative contribution of climate and soil attributes differ markedly depending on the plant functional group. Furthermore, we found the different relationship between microbes and plant diversity, indicating that the linkages between soil microbial diversity and plant diversity may vary across functional groups of microbes and plant. These findings provide robust evidence that the relative roles of climate, soil and microbes differ markedly depending on the plant functional group. Microbial richness showed a significantly pure influence on the LPSR of all groups, suggesting that microbes play a non-negligible role in regulating plant diversity in dryland ecosystems.