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By using a mixed-ligand approach, a new Cu(II)-based coordination polymer with the chemical formula of [Cu(4-dpds)(bdc)(H2O)2] · 4-dpds (1) (4-dpds = 4,4′-dipyridyldusulfide and H2bdc = benzenedicarboxylic acid) has been synthesized and structurally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffractometer, powder X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, infrared spectra and thermogravimetric analysis. Furthermore, the treatment effect of the synthetic compound was evaluated on the Parkinson's disease animal model and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect the content of dopamine content in the substantia nigra. Then, the high efficiency liquid phase chromatogram (HPLC) was conducted for the measurement of the vanillyl mandelic acid (VMA) in urine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical facet joint (CFJ) syndrome is a common cause of neck pain. For its diagnosis and treatment, CFJ injection with arthrogram is generally performed. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of extra-CFJ flow on CFJ arthrograms during injections and its differences according to age, sex, and cervical vertebral level. We analyzed 760 CFJ arthrograms administrated to 208 patients diagnosed with CFJ syndrome. Arthrograms at each vertebral level were collected to evaluate the normal CFJ and extra-CFJ flow. The primary and secondary outcomes were frequency of extra-CFJ flow according to cervical vertebral level, age, and sex and according to pairwise cervical levels, respectively. Extra-CFJ flow at the cervical spine occurred during 179 injections, and the overall incidence was 3.3–36.2% at different cervical levels. The incidence of extra-CFJ flow at each cervical vertebral level according to age and sex was not significant. Extra-CFJ flow was the highest at C6 and C7, but there was no statistical significance. Extra-CFJ flow was higher at lower vertebral levels (C5–C7) than at upper levels (C3 and C4). Additional clinical studies and anatomical evaluations are needed to support its clinical value and enable the development of new injection techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFTC) has been widely utilized in the management of trigeminal neuralgia. Despite using image guidance, accurate needle positioning into the target area still remains a critical element for achieving a successful outcome. This study was performed to precisely clarify the anatomical information required to ensure that the electrode tip is placed on the sensory component of the mandibular nerve (MN) at the foramen ovale (FO) level., Methods: The study used 50 hemi-half heads from 26 South Korean adult cadavers., Results: The cross-sectioned anterior and posterior divisions of the MN at the FO level could be distinguished based on an irregular boundary and color difference. The anterior division was clearly brighter than the posterior one. The anterior division of the MN at the FO level was located at the whole anterior (38.0%), anteromedial (6.0%), anterior center (8.0%), and anterolateral (22.0%) parts. The posterior division was often located at the whole posterior or posterolateral parts of the MN at the FO level. The anterior divisions covered the whole MN except for the medial half of the posterolateral part in the overwrapped images of the cross-sectional areas of the MN at the FO level. The cross-sectional areas of the anterior divisions were similar in males and females, whereas those of the posterior divisions were significantly larger in males ( P = 0.004)., Conclusions: The obtained anatomical information is expected to help physicians reduce unwanted side effects after percutaneous RFTC within the FO for the MN.