Search

Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum L.) have taproots but during the dry season the plants suffer from drought. Increasing the surface area of plant roots in the nursery is very important to produce clove plants with roots that have a high absorption of water and nutrients from the soil. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth of clove seedlings in the nursery and their nursery business. The research was conducted at a clove nursery in Telaga Jaya Village, South Wasile District, East Halmahera Regency, North Maluku from May to October 2020. The study used a Completely Randomized Block Design consisting of 4 treatments and three replications. The treatments were AMF doses: 0 g, 25 g, 50 g, and 75 g on each polybag. The results showed that the application of AMF increased plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, stem diameter, root length, and fresh weight of roots. East Halmahera clove nursery business had higher profits when using AMF than without AMF application.

Purpose : Black soybean is a legume plant that has economic value on effective seeds and nodules, but out of the number of varieties that have been released until 2013 only 11 varieties are with agronomic height input innovation. The research objective is to obtain superior local genotype, as a source of new black soybean varieties, accompanied by compost and biochar-based agronomy practical innovations for sustainable agriculture. Research Method : The first treatment was compost-based agronomy innovation with biochar (B): b1 (1 t ha-1 +1 t ha-1) and b2:(1.5 t ha-1+ 0.5 t ha-1). The second treatment was 4 genotypes of local black soybean (G): KB1, KA3, CK5, KH4, and as a comparison was a Cikuray variety with each treatment repeated three times. Anova test results of factorial patterns and DRMT Duncan's test at the 5% level. Findings : Anova test results of factorial patterns and DRMT Duncan's test at the 5% level indicate that practical innovations based on compost and biochar agronomy accompanied by genotype have no effect. Both agronomy innovations b1 and b2 have the same effect on agronomic characters. Expected Genotypes that were superior to their agronomic character were shown by KH4 and KA3 genotypes with potential productivity of 3.28 t ha-1 and 3.19 t ha-1, and increased by 21% and 17.71%, respectively. The genotypes of KB1, KA3 and KH4 produced the same number of nodules compared to Cikuray varieties. Limitations : This research doesn't study about soil condition after the experiment. Value : The novelty in this study is the use of low doses and directly applied to planting holes, obtained local genotypes superior agronomic characters for sources of new varieties, and obtained practical innovations based on compos and biochar agronomy for guidance for farmers who later selected regions as centers for varieties new black soybeans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Induced mutagenesis by gamma rays irradiation is an established method especially for plant improvement of vegetatively propagated plants like shallot. In this research, nine mutant populations namely 1 Gy, 2 Gy, 3 Gy, 4 Gy, 5 Gy, 6 Gy, 7 Gy, 8 Gy and 9 Gy were planted along with O Gy (control plants) to evaluate agronomic characteristic, genetic coefficient variation and heritability estimates value of mutant samosir shallot genotype M1V2 generation, irradiated by gamma rays. Results showed that almost all mean values of agronomic characters observed on irradiated shallot in M1V2 generation were lower than those of control plant. Low doses of gamma rays irradiation increase genetic variation with high heritability estimate values on several characters of samosir shallot. Wide genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and high heritability values were obtained in the plant length character on 4 Gy and 9 Gy populations, tiller number on 1 Gy population, leaves number on 1 Gy to 4 Gy and 8 Gy populations, bulb fresh weight on 1 Gy to 3 Gy populations, and dry weight on 1 Gy to 4 Gy populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of different amounts of nitrogen (30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) on important soybean yield components (number of fertile nodes, number of pods per plant and weight of 1.000 grains), was examined in this paper. Experiment was carried out at two different localities (Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje and the village Kloka-lower Jasenica) in 2009. Experiments were carried out through field plot trials, using split-plot in 4 replications. The results show that, on average, for both soil types, number of pods per plant and weight of 1000 grains increased using nitrogen dose of 60 kg ha-1 for 5.2 and 3.8% and the number of fertile nodes to the variant of fertilization with 30 kg ha-1 of nitrogen for 3.8%. The amount of 90 kg ha-1 N gave lower values of the number of pods per plant compared to the control.

In the present study, the objective was to evaluate the production and quality of rice seeds of four cultivars under conditions of saline stress caused by irrigation water. The work was carried out at the EliseuMaciel Agronomy College of the Universidade Federal de Pelotas, with four rice cultivars, IRGA 417, Avaxi CL, Inov CL and IAS 12-9 (Formosa). In the experiment, the following saline concentrations were used: 0; 12.5; 25; 37.5; 50; 75 and 100mM. After completing the crop cycle, the following agronomic characteristics were evaluated in each of the plants: number of panicles, total weight of panicles, percentage of full seeds, percentage of seedlings and weight of a thousand seeds. The physiological quality of the seeds harvested from the plants maintained under conditions of salinity stress was evaluated by germination and first count tests. Saline stress reduced the productivity and physiological quality of rice seeds, with different responses from the four cultivars used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sunflower production may be increased by optimization of agricultural application. Sowing date and intra-row spacing are the major production factors contributing to the final yield of crops especially for sunflower. This study was conducted to determine the effects of different intra-row spacing and sowing date on growth, yield, and yield components of non-oilseed sunflowers in Erzurum Province, Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, between 2013 and 2017 growing seasons. Three sowing dates were established at about 10-day intervals from late-April to early and mid-May (22 April, 2 May and 12 May 2013 and 2017). Four intra-rows spacing (20, 30, 40 and 50 cm) were used. The results showed significant effects of sowing date and intrarow spacing on the growth, yield, and yield components of non-oil sunflower. The earlier sowing date and narrow spacing between intra-rows of non-oil sunflower had higher seed yield and crop quality than that of wider spacing and later sowing dates. The late sowing date resulted in decreased plant height, head and stem diameter, seed yield and protein content of non-oil sunflower, except the ratio of dehulled/hulled seed weight. Narrow plant spacing (30 cm between rows) gave better seed yield, protein content, plant height and the ratio of dehulled/hulled seed weight of non-oil sunflower compared to wide spacing. Concerning the interaction between intra-row spacing and sowing date, the highest seed yield (6586 kg ha-1) and protein content (17.5%) were obtained from 30 cm plant spacing and early sowing date (April 22nd). Early sowing date and 30 cm narrow intra-row spacing, having the highest yield, protein content and agronomic characteristics for non-oil sunflower can be recommended for the similar regions with short growing season and high altitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light intensity is one of the most important environmental factors that determine the basic characteristics of rice development. However, continuously cloudy weather or rainfall, especially during the grain-filling stage, induces a significant loss in yield and results in poor grain quality. Stress caused by low light often creates severe meteorological disasters in some rice-growing regions worldwide. This review was based on our previous research and related research regarding the effects of low light on rice growth, yield and quality as well as the formation of grain, and mainly reviewed the physiological metabolism of rice plants, including characteristics of photosynthesis, activities of antioxidant enzymes in rice leaves and key enzymes involved in starch synthesis in grains, as well as the translocations of carbohydrate and nitrogen. These characteristics include various grain yield and rice quality components (milling and appearance as well as cooking, eating and nutritional qualities) under different rates of shading imposed at the vegetative or reproductive stages of rice plants. Furthermore, we discussed why grain yield and quality are reduced under the low light environment. Next, we summarized the need for future research that emphasizes methods can effectively improve rice grain yield and quality under low light stress. These research findings can provide a beneficial reference for rice cultivation management and breeding program in low light environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ce travail présente des caractéristiques agronomiques de 211 variétés de Vitis vinifera L. étudiées en Espagne pendant 25 ans: production de raisin, teneur en sucre des moûts et poids des bois de taille. Une liste de 435 synonymes pour les variétés blanches et une liste de 239 synonymes pour les variétés rouges sont données.

A spontaneous mutant with apetalous flowers was obtained from a hybrid progeny in Brassica napus. The result of genetic analysis showed that the apetalous character was controlled by only one gene locus, petalous flower exhibited incomplete dominance over apetalous flower and that its expression was not affected by cytoplasmic factors. Sixteen agronomically important characteristics of the apetalous line Apet33-10 were compared with those of its petalled near-isogenic line Pet33-10. Results from 4 years of tests indicated that there was no difference between Apet33-10 and Pet33-10 in all tested agronomic characteristics, except for the pod number of main inflorescence and second-order branches at low sclerotinia disease incidence. The Sclerotinia sclerotiorum disease severity index of Apet33-10 was significantly lower than that of Pet33-10, and correspondingly, the plot yield of Apet33-10 was increased obviously in comparison to that of Pet33-10 if sclerotinia disease was serious. The pod number of main inflorescence of Apet33-10 was significantly lower than that of Pet33-10. On the other hand, the pod number of second-order branches of Apet33-10 was significantly higher than that of Pet33-10, hence no overage difference of the pod number per plant was observed between the two lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]