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1. EDAPHIC BEETLES (INSECTA: COLEOPTERA) IN THREE DIFFERENT LAND USE SYSTEMS IN THE EASTERN AMAZON.

Author

Seelig de Souza, Helender Ueno, Matos Guimarães, Zilza Thayane, Silva de Almeida, Nara Maria, Neves Junior, Afrânio Ferreira, Seelig de Souza, Herberto Ueno, and Neves de Carvalho, Adenomar

Subjects
BEETLES, PITFALL traps, LAND use, TROPICAL conditions, FOREST reserves, TROPICAL climate, AGROFORESTRY systems, INTEGRATED agricultural systems, SOIL biology
Abstract

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2023
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2. Diversity of soil spiders in land use and management systems in Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Author

da Rosa, Marcio Gonçalves, Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, Maluche Baretta, Carolina Riviera Duarte, Santos, Júlio Cesar Pires, de Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos Iuñes, and Baretta, Dilmar

Subjects
*LAND management, *SOIL sampling, *SPIDERS, *SOIL density, *SOILS, *SOIL management
Abstract

The ability of spiders to spread over contiguous areas (Arachnida: Araneae) is directly related to soil management conditions. The objective of this work was to study the effect of land use system (LUS) on the abundance and diversity of soil spider families and their relationship with soil physical and chemical properties. The evaluated LUS were: native forest, eucalyptus reforestation, pasture, crop-livestock integration, and no-tillage crop. Samples were collected in three municipalities of Southern Plateau of Santa Catarina, considered as true replicates, during winter and summer. A total of 270 samples was taken in each area and season. The sampling points were arranged in a grid of 3 × 3 m, spaced by 30 m. We evaluated soil physical, chemical, and microbiological attributes and the abundance and diversity of spider families, collected by soil monolith and soil traps. A total of 448 spiders were captured, 152 in winter and 296 in summer, distributed in 24 families and 52 species/morphospecies. There was a seasonality effect related to the land use systems and the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index was recorded in the native forest in both sampling periods. Most families of spiders have a direct dependence on soil physical and chemical properties, such as microporosity, exchangeable aluminum, calcium, magnesium, and potassium during the winter. Organic matter, nitrogen, pH in water, weighted average diameter, soil density, and microbial biomass carbon exhibited dependence during the summer. Vegetation type and soil management are the factors that seem to affect most the occurrence of spiders. The families Theridiidae and Nemesiidae are dependent on sites with low human intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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3. Dynamic of epigeous macrofauna under organic soil management in the Brazilian semi-arid regionDinâmica da macrofauna epígea sob manejo orgânico do solo no semi-árido brasileiro

Author

Márcio Sampaio Pimentel, Rubens Silva Carvalho, Daniela Pionório Vilaronga, Lindete Míria Vieira Martins, and Adriano Victor Lopes da Silva

Subjects
Caatinga, Fauna do solo, Biologia do solo, Adubação verde, Coquetel vegetal., Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

Soil macrofauna is responsible for soil fertility through cycling of nutrients, tillage and fragmentation of organic matter, as well as through the association between groups of fauna with conserved and/or degraded pedoenvironments. Nevertheless, under the conditions of the Brazilian semi-arid region, there is little information about this resource. The objective of this study was to evaluate the epigeous macrofauna in successive cropping using previous green manure and subsequent planting of melon (Cucumis melo L.) in Juazeiro county, Bahia, Brazil. Sampling dates were undertaken in November 2007 and February, April and July 2008, using traps containing 4 % formaldehyde for seven days in plots of 64 m2. Results obtained indicate that there is no difference among the treatments with mixed cover crops, and epigeous macrofauna is influenced by the time of collection. Diversity and uniformity are inversely correlated with total density of epigeous macrofauna. Diversification of plant species favors the increase of diversity and uniformity of epigeous macrofauna. Formicidae, followed by Isopoda, Coleoptera and Oligochaeta are the groups of fauna most numerous in the areas. A macrofauna do solo é responsável pela melhoria da fertilidade do solo através da ciclagem de nutrientes, revolvimento e fragmentação da matéria orgânica, como também, pela associação entre grupos de fauna com pedoambientes conservados e/ou degradados. No entanto, nas condições de semi-árido brasileiro pouca informação se tem a respeito deste recurso. Neste sentido, na região do sub-médio do Rio São Francisco, pólo de desenvolvimento da agricultura irrigada objetivou-se avaliar a macrofauna epígea em sucessão cultural utilizando prévia adubação verde e subseqüente plantio de melão (Cucumis melo L.). As coletas foram realizadas em novembro de 2007 e fevereiro, abril e julho de 2008 no município de Juazeiro, BA, utilizando armadilhas contendo formol 4 % durante sete dias em parcelas de 64 m2. Os resultados obtidos indicam que não há diferença entre os tratamentos com coquetéis vegetais e que a macrofauna epígea é influenciada pela época de coleta. A diversidade e a uniformidade correlacionam-se inversamente com a densidade total da macrofauna epígea. A diversificação de espécies vegetais favorece o aumento da diversidade e uniformidade da macrofauna epígea e que Formicidae, seguido por Isopoda, Coleóptera e Oligochaeta são os grupos de fauna mais encontrados nos ambientes avaliados.

Published
2012

4. Ação dos térmitas no solo Termites action on the soil

Author

Eric Victor de Oliveira Ferreira, Vanessa Martins, Alberto Vasconcellos Inda Junior, Elvio Giasson, and Paulo César do Nascimento

Subjects
Isoptera, atividade térmita, biologia do solo, bioturbação, cupins-praga, termite activity, soil biology, bioturbation, plague-termites, Agriculture, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

A ordem Isoptera é bastante conhecida pelo seu potencial como praga, apesar dos cupins-praga constituírem a minoria dentro do grupo. Os cupins (térmitas) são invertebrados dominantes em ambientes terrestres tropicais e estão espalhados desde as florestas úmidas até as savanas, sendo encontrados até mesmo em regiões áridas, nos mais variados habitats. Esses insetos têm um papel destacado e ainda pouco estudado nos ecossistemas tropicais. Ciclagem de nutrientes, aeração, infiltração de água do solo, bioturbação, formação de agregados e decomposição de material orgânico, são processos influenciados pela ação dos térmitas, que vão, direta ou indiretamente, influenciar a formação dos solos e da paisagem onde se encontram. Sugerimos que uma maior abordagem deva ser dirigida em futuras pesquisas para a influência desses insetos no solo sob condições específicas de uso e manejo, na produção sustentável de alimentos e nas mudanças climáticas.The order Isoptera is well known by its potential as a plague, although the number of species that are plagues is small within the group. Termites are the dominant invertebrates in tropical terrestrial environments and are spread from tropical rainforests to the savannahs, being found even in arid regions, in various habitats. These insects have a major role and are still little studied in tropical ecosystems. Nutrient cycling, aeration, water infiltration of soil, bioturbation, aggregates formation and organic material decomposition, are processes influenced by the action of termites, which , directly or indirectly, affect soil and landscape formation wherever they are. We suggest that a better approach must be addressed in future researches about these insects influence in the soil under specified conditions of use and management, in sustainable food production and climate changes.

Published
2011

5. Eficiência agronômica de estirpes de rizóbio inoculadas em feijão-caupi no Cerrado, Gurupi-TO Agronomic efficiency of rhizobium strains inoculated in cowpea in the Cerrado, Gurupi-TO

Author

Aloísio Freitas Chagas Junior, Wagner Rahmeier, Rodrigo Ribeiro Fidelis, Gil Rodrigues dos Santos, and Lillian França Borges Chagas

Subjects
Vigna unguiculata, Fixação biológica do nitrogênio, Biologia do solo, Biological nitrogen fixation, Soil biology, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

A interação do feijão-caupi com bactérias fixadoras de N atmosférico pode aumentar a produtividade e diminuir os custos de produção. No presente trabalho, avaliou-se, no campo, a eficiência agronômica, através do acúmulo de biomassa da parte aérea, radicular, número e biomassa dos nódulos, eficiência relativa e produtividade de três cultivares de feijão-caupi (BRS Nova Era, BRS Pujante e Vinagre), em experimentos independentes, inoculadas com cinco estirpes de rizóbio, BR 3302 (UFLA 3-84), BR 3301 (INPA 03-11B), BR 3262, BR 3299 e BR 3267, mais dois controles, testemunha e adubado com nitrogênio (50 kg de N ha-1), em cada experimento, em blocos ao acaso. Para cada cultivar a resposta de cada estirpe inoculada variou dentro das características avaliadas. Porém, a estirpe BR 3302 mostrou uma constante em relação às características de biomassa e a produtividade para a cultivar Nova Era no experimento 1, com valores próximos ao tratamento adubado. Para as cultivares Pujante e Vinagre, nos experimentos 2 e 3, respectivamente, também foram observados resultados satisfatórios com a inoculação da estirpe BR 3302, com produtividade cerca de 22 e 11% superiores ao tratamento adubado com nitrogênio em cada experimento, porém, não diferindo das demais estirpes. Na média geral dos três experimentos independentes, foram observadas produtividades de grãos do feijão-caupi de 743 e 826 kg ha-1 para os tratamentos com adubação nitrogenada e o tratamento inoculado com a estirpe BR 3302, respectivamente. Assim, a estirpe BR 3302 proporcionou os melhores resultados para as três cultivares de feijão-caupi.The interaction of cowpea with atmospheric N fixing bacteria can increase productivity and reduce production costs. In this study, it was evaluated in the field, the agronomic efficiency, through the accumulation of biomass of shoot, root, number and biomass of nodules, relative efficiency and productivity of three cultivars of cowpea (BRS New Era, BRS vibrant and Vinegar), in independent experiments, inoculated with five strains of rhizobia, BR 3302 (UFLA 3-84), BR 3301 (INPA 03-11B), BR 3262, BR 3299 and BR 3267, two controls, control and fertilized with nitrogen (50 kg of N ha-1) for each experiment, in blocks. For each cultivar the response of each strain inoculated varied within traits. However, strain BR 3302 showed a constant on the characteristics of biomass and productivity assessed, to cultivar Nova Era in Experiment 1, with values near the fertilized soil. For the cultivars Pujante and Vinagre, in experiments 2 and 3, respectively, were also observed satisfactory results with the inoculation of strain BR 3302, with productivity about 22 and 11% higher than the treatment fertilized with nitrogen in each experiment, however, did not differ on the other strains inoculated. The mean of three independent experiments, were observed grain yields of cowpea of 743 and 826 kg ha-1 for the treatments with nitrogen and the treatment inoculated with strain BR 3302, respectively. Thus, strain BR 3302 provided the best results for the three cultivars of cowpea.

Published
2010
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6. Modificações na fauna edáfica durante a decomposição da palhada de centeio e aveia preta, em sistema plantio direto

Author

Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Jefferson Luís Meirelles Coimbra, Leandro do Prado Wildner, and Rosiane Berenice Nicoloso Denardin

Subjects
Plantas de cobertura, Resíduos culturais, Semeadura direta, Biologia do solo, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de monitorar as modificações na comunidade da fauna edáfica durante a decomposição de resíduos de aveia preta e centeio, submetidos ou não a adubação nitrogenada em sistema plantio direto. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Chapecó, SC, no período de primaveraverão de 2005/2006. Os tratamentos testados foram: 1) Palhada de aveia preta (Avena strigosa Scrheb.); 2) Palhada de aveia preta cultivada com adição de 50kg ha-1 de nitrogênio; 3) Palhada de centeio (Secale cereale L.); 4) Palhada de centeio cultivado com adição de 50kg ha–1 de nitrogênio; 5) Solo descoberto mantido permanentemente sem plantas vegetando ou palhada na superfície. As plantas de cobertura foram cultivadas até seu pleno florescimento, quando foram manejadas com rolo-faca. Durante o processo de decomposição da palhada (de 23/09/2005 a 03/02/2006) foram realizadas dez coletas da fauna do solo com armadilhas do tipo pitt-fall, aos 6 dias antes da rolagem e aos 4, 18, 32, 46, 67, 83, 98, 112 e 127 dias após a rolagem. Verificou-se que as ordens da fauna edáfica estudadas têm sensibilidade à quantidade de palhada remanescente sobre o solo, e que a redução da disponibilidade desta provoca a diminuição da diversidade desses organismos, principalmente pelo aumento relativo da ordem Collembola.

Published
2009
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7. Dynamics and vertical distribution of a Hrabeiella periglandulata (Annelida) population in South Moravia, Czech Republic Dinâmica e distribuição vertical de uma população de Hrabeiella periglandulata (Annelida) no Sul da Morávia, República Tcheca

Author

Jiří Schlaghamerský and Adéla Šídová

Subjects
biologia do solo, fauna edáfica, Polychaeta terrestre, soil biology, soil fauna, terrestrial Polychaeta, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the density, dynamics and vertical distribution of a Hrabeiella periglandulata population in a forest soil at Brno, Czech Republic. From December 2003 to November 2004, two plots covered by mixed stands and two covered by coniferous stands were sampled monthly. Six soil cores per plot were taken down to 15 cm and subdivided into layers, which were subjected to wet funnel extraction. Missing in one of the coniferous stands H. periglandulata was abundant in the mixed stand with the highest soil pH. In this stand, monthly sampling continued until November 2005, with three additional samplings up to January 2007. Mean annual density was 2,672±1,534 individuals m-2. Population dynamics differed from those reported from Germany. Highest densities were reached in early summer, lowest between August and December. Due to aggregated horizontal distribution, differences between monthly values were often nonsignificant. No significant correlation with climatic data was found. Nevertheless, the observed dynamics corresponded to the climatic conditions, showing particularly the negative effect of drought. The population was evenly distributed in the sampled soil profile, only avoiding the organic layer. Except for a locality in Poland, this is the easternmost record of the species.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a densidade, a dinâmica e a distribuição vertical de uma população de Hrabeiella periglandulata em uma floresta de Brno, República Tcheca. De dezembro de 2003 a novembro de 2004, amostras de solo foram coletadas mensalmente, em duas áreas de floresta mista e duas áreas de floresta de coníferas. Em cada área, seis amostras de solo foram retiradas até a profundidade de 15 cm, subdivididas em camadas e colocadas para extração úmida em funil. Não encontrada em uma das áreas de floresta de coníferas, H. periglandulata foi abundante na área de floresta mista com pH do solo mais alto, onde a amostragem mensal continuou até novembro de 2005, com três amostragens adicionais até janeiro de 2007. A densidade média anual foi de 2.672±1.534 indivíduos por m². A dinâmica populacional diferiu da encontrada na Alemanha. As maiores densidades foram encontradas no início do verão, e as menores entre agosto e dezembro. Em razão da distribuição horizontal agregada, diferenças entre os valores mensais foram, frequentemente, não significativas. Nenhuma correlação significativa com dados climáticos foi encontrada. No entanto, as dinâmicas observadas corresponderam às condições climáticas, particularmente, ao efeito negativo da seca. A população foi homogeneamente distribuída no perfil de solo amostrado, e evitou, somente, a camada orgânica. Com exceção de uma localidade na Polônia, este é o registro mais a leste sobre esta espécie.

Published
2009
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8. Colêmbolos (Hexapoda: Collembola) como bioindicadores de qualidade do solo em áreas com Araucaria angustifolia Springtails (Hexapoda: Collembola) as soil quality bioindicators in areas with Araucaria angustifolia

Author

Dilmar Baretta, Cristina Seabra Ferreira, José Paulo Sousa, and Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso

Subjects
mesofauna do solo, fauna do solo, atributos microbiológicos do solo, biologia do solo, soil mesofauna, soil fauna, soil microbiological attributes, soil biology, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

Não existem informações sobre a diversidade de colêmbolos associados às florestas com Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze no Brasil. Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o potencial da diversidade de famílias de colêmbolos como bioindicadores da qualidade do solo e para separar diferentes áreas com araucária, utilizando atributos químicos e microbiológicos do solo como variáveis explicativas. O estudo foi realizado em quatro áreas: 1. floresta nativa com predominância de araucária (NF); 2. reflorestamento de araucária (R); 3. reflorestamento de araucária submetido a incêndio acidental (RF); e 4. pastagem natural com araucárias nativas e ocorrência de incêndio acidental (NPF). Na captura dos organismos, utilizaram-se dez armadilhas, distribuídas ao acaso em cada área, nos mesmos pontos de coleta dos atributos químicos e microbiológicos do solo. O número de colêmbolos de cada família, extraído por armadilhas (abundância), o índice de diversidade de Shannon (H) e a riqueza de famílias foram submetidos à Análise de Variância (ANOVA). A abundância de cada família de Collembola foi submetida à Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP). Considerando as quatro áreas, foram identificadas oito famílias de colêmbolos (Brachystomellidae, Entomobryidae, Hypogastruridae, Isotomidae, Katiannidae, Paronellidae, Sminthuridae e Tomoceridae). A diversidade de famílias de colêmbolos foi maior nas áreas NF e R, em comparação com as áreas RF e NPF. Os atributos químicos e microbiológicos do solo foram eficientes como variáveis explicativas, pois auxiliaram na interpretação das modificações das famílias de colêmbolos. A ACP mostrou que a identificação ao nível de família de Collembola é suficiente para separar as áreas estudadas, além de indicar quais foram as famílias de colêmbolos mais associadas a cada área, o que possibilita sua utilização como bioindicadores de intervenções antrópicas, bem como da qualidade do solo.There is no information about the diversity of springtails associated with Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze forests in Brazil. This study was carried out to evaluate the potential of springtail family diversity as a soil quality indicator and to separate different Araucaria areas, using soil chemical and microbiological attributes as explanatory variables. The study was conducted in four areas of: 1. native forest with predominance of Araucaria (NF); 2. Araucaria reforestation (R); 3. Araucaria reforestation burnt by an accidental fire (RF); and 4. native grass pasture with native Araucaria and burnt by an intense accidental fire (NPF). In the capture of the organisms, ten Araucaria trees were randomly selected and pitfall traps were distributed around the selected Araucaria trees, at the same sampling points as for soil chemical and microbiological attributes. The number of springtails of each family extracted per trap (abundance), Shannon's diversity index (H) and family richness in the different areas were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The abundance of springtails of each family was analyzed by Principal Components Analysis (PCA). Eight springtail families (Brachystomellidae, Entomobryidae, Hypogastruridae, Isotomidae, Katiannidae, Paronellidae, Sminthuridae and Tomoceridae) were identified in the four areas. The diversity of springtail families was always higher in the NF and R areas, in comparison with RF and NPF. The soil chemical and microbiological attributes were effective as explanatory variables, and useful in the interpretation of modifications occurring in springtail families. The PCA showed that the identification at the family level for Collembola was sufficient to separate the four studied areas, and also indicated which springtail families were most associated with each area. This variable can therefore be considered an indicator of soil quality and anthropogenic disturbance in these forests.

Published
2008
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9. Macrofauna edáfica associada a plantas de cobertura em plantio direto em um Latossolo Vermelho do Cerrado Soil macrofauna communities and cover crops in a Cerrado Oxisol under no tillage

Author

Glenio Guimarães Santos, Pedro Marques da Silveira, Robélio Leandro Marchão, Thierry Becquer, and Luiz Carlos Balbino

Subjects
biologia do solo, gramíneas tropicais, invertebrados do solo, qualidade do solo, rotação de culturas, soil biology, tropical gramineous, soil invertebrates, soil quality, crop rotation, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a macrofauna edáfica e avaliar o efeito de plantas de cobertura em plantio direto, nos principais grupos da macrofauna do solo, em duas épocas de avaliação em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com oito tratamentos (plantas de cobertura) e quatro repetições. As plantas de cobertura: Crotalaria juncea, guandu-anão (Cajanus cajan), Stylosanthes guianensis, Brachiaria brizantha, B. brizantha consorciada com milho (Zea mays), milheto (Pennisetum glaucum), mombaça (Panicum maximum) e Sorghum bicolor foram cultivadas de novembro a abril. Em setembro de cada ano, foi realizado o plantio de feijão, em cultivo irrigado por pivô central. A área útil em cada parcela foi de 60 m². Amostras de solo na forma de monólitos (25x25 cm) foram retiradas aleatoriamente em cada parcela, para contagem da macrofauna, às profundidades de 0-10 cm e 10-20 cm, em abril e em setembro de 2005. Os grupos taxonômicos, identificados em ordem decrescente de densidade relativa, são: Formicidae, Oligochaeta, Dermaptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Miriapoda, Isoptera, Araneae, Lepidoptera, Blattodea e larvas de Diptera. Crotalaria juncea apresentou maior densidade de macrofauna, seguida por B. Brizantha, B. Brizantha consorciada com milho, Sorghum bicolor, Stylosanthes guianensis, Cajanus Cajans, Pennisetum Glaucum e Panicum maximum. O uso das plantas de cobertura, associado à irrigação na avaliação de setembro, favorece a colonização do solo pela macrofauna.The objective of this work was to characterize soil fauna groups and to evaluate the effects of cover crops under no-tillage system, in a Cerrado Oxisol, in two evaluation periods. The cover crops: Crotalaria juncea, Cajanus cajan, Stylosanthes guianensis, Brachiaria brizantha, Brachiaria brizantha/ Zea mays association, Pennisetum glaucum, Panicum maximum and Sorghum bicolor were cultivated from November to April of each year. Common bean was sown every September under centre pivot irrigation. The area of each plot was 60 m². Soil monoliths (25x25 cm) were taken randomly from each plot, at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm dephs, in April and September, 2005, and macrofauna was hand sorted. Identified groups in decreasing order of total density are: Formicidae, Oligochaeta, Dermaptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Miriapoda, Isoptera, Araneae, Lepidoptera, Blattodea and Diptera larvae. Crotalaria juncea showed the highest macrofauna density, followed by B. brizantha, B. brizantha/ Zea mays association, Sorghum bicolor, Stylosanthes guianensis, Cajanus cajans, Pennisetum. glaucum, Panicum maximum. The use of cover species in no-tillage system, associated with irrigation, promotes soil colonization by macrofauna.

Published
2008
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10. Qualidade de um solo sob diferentes usos e sob Cerrado nativo Soil quality under different uses and native Cerrado

Author

Ricardo Araújo, Wenceslau J. Goedert, and Marilusa Pinto Coelho Lacerda

Subjects
impactos ambientais, física do solo, química do solo, biologia do solo, environmental impacts, soil physics, soil chemistry, soil biology, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

O uso sustentável do solo tem-se constituído em tema de crescente relevância, em face do aumento das atividades antrópicas. Com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade do solo em área de Cerrado nativo e em áreas sob diferentes usos, foram amostradas camadas de Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo sob quatro tipos de ocupação: pastagem natural, pastagem cultivada, cultivo convencional com culturas anuais e florestamento de pínus. As áreas estão localizadas na Fazenda Água Limpa, DF. Foram avaliados os seguintes atributos de qualidade do solo: densidade do solo, resistência mecânica à penetração, taxa de infiltração de água, teor de matéria orgânica, capacidade de troca catiônica, C total da biomassa microbiana e respiração basal. Com base nos dados obtidos, foi organizado um diagrama comparativo e calculado um índice da qualidade do solo para cada tipo de uso. Os resultados evidenciaram relação estreita e inversa entre a qualidade do solo e a intensidade de uso a que as áreas foram submetidas. Mediante análise desses atributos e da elaboração de um modelo comparativo, foi possível avaliar o nível de degradação do solo em função do uso de cada área.Sustainable soil use is becoming increasingly relevant given the increase of anthropic activities. In order to evaluate the soil quality, soil samples were collected from five areas: natural Cerrado (reference), native pasture, planted pasture, annual crops under conventional tillage and pine forest. The areas are located in the Federal District, Brazil, in a clayey Red Yellow Latosol (Acrustox). The following soil quality attributes were measured: bulk density, mechanical resistance to penetration, water infiltration rate, organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, carbon of microbial biomass and basal respiration. Based on the obtained data a comparative diagram was drawn and a soil quality index calculated for each type of use. The results showed a close inverse relationship between soil quality and intensity of use to which the areas were submitted. By analyzing these attributes and the establishment of a comparative model it was possible to evaluate the level of soil degradation caused by each type of use in each area.

Published
2007
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11. Desenvolvimento e nodulação natural de leguminosas arbóreas em solos de Pernambuco Development and natural nodulation of legume trees in soils from Pernambuco, Brazil

Author

Luiz Augusto Gomes de Souza, Egídio Bezerra Neto, Carolina Etienne de Rosália Silva Santos, and Newton Pereira Stamford

Subjects
Clitoria fairchildiana, Leucaena leucocephala, Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, fixação biológica de N2, ecologia, rizóbio, biologia do solo, biological N2 fixation, ecology, rhizobia, soil biology, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento e nodulação natural de leucena (Leucaena leucocephala), palheteira (Clitoria fairchildiana) e sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia), em solos com diferentes formas de uso da terra, da Zona da Mata de Pernambuco. Foram utilizados quatro solos de mata, seis solos de áreas agrícolas e dois de áreas degradadas. Os solos foram classificados, analisados quimicamente e distribuídos, 3 kg de solo por vaso, com duas plantas por vaso. A colheita das mudas foi feita aos 76, 70 e 62 dias, para leucena, palheteira e sabiá, respectivamente. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 12 tratamentos e 3 repetições. Foram constatadas baixas freqüências de populações nativas de rizóbios para leucena, 22% de plantas noduladas, em comparação à palheteira e sabiá, 100 e 86%, respectivamente. A palheteira apresentou nodulação natural abundante e eficiência na fixação de N2, o que demonstra compatibilidade com as populações nativas de rizóbios. O crescimento, o desenvolvimento, a nodulação e o acúmulo de nitrogênio das três espécies foram favorecidos no solo de área agrícola com cobertura de Calopogonium mucunoides. A palheteira apresentou o maior potencial para fixação de N2 e eficiência da nodulação com populações nativas de rizóbios, seguida por sabiá e leucena.The objective of this work was to evaluate the development and natural nodulation of Leucaena leucocephala, Clitoria fairchildiana and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, in soils with different type of land use, in Zona da Mata of Pernambuco, Brazil. Soils of four forest areas, six agriculture areas and two degraded areas were used. Soils were classified, analyzed chemically and distributed in pots 3 kg soil per pot, two plants per pot. Plant evaluations were carried out at 76, 70 and 62 days, for L. leucocephala, C. fairchildiana and M. caesalpiniifolia, respectively. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 12 treatments and 3 repetitions. Low frequencies of native populations of rhizobia were verified for L. leucocephala, with 22% of plants nodulated, compared to C. fairchildiana and M. caesalpiniifolia, with 100% and 86%, respectively. M. caesalpiniifolia presented abundant natural nodulation and efficiency in the fixation of N2, demonstrating compatibility with native populations of rhizobia. Growth, development, nodulation as well as accumulation of nitrogen of the three species, were favored with soil under agricultural areas with covering of Calopogonium mucunoides. C. fairchildiana presented greater potential for fixation of N2 and efficiency of the nodulation with native populations of rhizobia followed by M. caesalpiniifolia and L. leucocephala.

Published
2007
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12. Termite activity in relation to natural grassland soil attributes Atividade de térmitas em relação a atributos de solos sob campo nativo

Author

Glaciela Kaschuk, Julio Cesar Pires Santos, Jaime Antonio Almeida, Deise Cristina Sinhorati, and João Francisco Berton-Junior

Subjects
propriedades químicas e físicas do solo, argilominerais, biologia do solo, cupinzeiros, chemical and physical soil properties, clay minerals, soil biology, termite mounds, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

Soil-feeding termites transport soil for mound building, and this process can affect soil characteristics. To verify the influence of soil termite activity on soil characteristics, samples were collected from top, bottom and center of termite mounds, and of the adjacent area, to assess chemical and physical properties and mineralogical composition. Four replicates of termite mounds and respective adjacent areas were randomly sampled in Lages, Capão Alto, Painel, São José do Cerrito and Coxilha Rica (State of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil). Results of chemical analyses showed a greater content of K, P, Ca, Mg and organic C in the inner part of termite mounds, accompanied by lower pH in relation to soil of the adjacent area. There were no differences regarding clay mineral composition between termite mounds and adjacent soil, however the proportion of sand and clay differed between them. It is concluded that termites modify soil characteristics due to great volume of soil transported per ascensum for mound construction (varying from 20.9 m³ ha-1 to 136.6 m³ ha-1, in this study) which promotes a strong pedo-bio-perturbation and affects nutrient cycling and soil physical properties.Os térmitas (cupins) do solo carregam partículas de solo para construção de seus ninhos e desta forma, podem afetar algumas características pedológicas. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a influência da atividade de térmitas nas características do solo através de análises das propriedades químicas e físicas e da composição mineralógica de amostras coletadas na base, topo e centro dos ninhos e área de solo adjacente. Quatro cupinzeiros e suas respectivas áreas adjacentes foram aleatoriamente amostrados em Lages, Capão Alto, Painel, São José do Cerrito e Coxilha Rica (Santa Catarina). Os resutados das análises químicas mostraram que o conteúdo de K, P, Ca, Mg e C orgânico no centro dos ninhos foi maior e o pH menor em relação à área de solo adjacente. Não houve diferenças na composição dos argilominerais entre os ninhos e as áreas adjacentes, no entanto, a composição granulométrica dos solos diferiu entre os dois locais. Térmitas podem modificar outras características do solo, tais como as propriedades físicas e químicas, devido ao elevado volume de solo transportado per ascensum para construção dos cupinzeiros (entre 20,9 m³ ha-1 e 136,6 m³ ha-1 neste estudo) que promove a bioturbação e afeta a ciclagem de nutrientes.

Published
2006
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13. Qualidade de solo submetido a sistemas de cultivo com preparo convencional e plantio direto Soil quality under tillage and no-tillage cropping systems

Author

Eusângela Antônia Costa, Wenceslau J. Goedert, and Djalma Martinhão Gomes de Sousa

Subjects
física do solo, química do solo, biologia do solo, Latossolo, Cerrado, soil physics, soil chemistry, soil biology, Oxissol, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de um Latossolo Vermelho submetido a sistemas de cultivo com preparo convencional e plantio direto. Foram estudadas duas áreas experimentais, localizadas na Embrapa Cerrados, em Planaltina, DF, com oito e dez anos de cultivo. Foram coletadas amostras de solo, em diversas profundidades, nas parcelas experimentais e em área de cerrado nativo. Os seguintes atributos foram avaliados: densidade do solo, porosidade total, capacidade de água disponível, grau de floculação, resistência do solo à penetração, teor de matéria orgânica, capacidade de troca catiônica, fósforo remanescente, carbono da biomassa microbiana e respiração basal. Os dados obtidos foram comparados a valores referenciais quanto à qualidade do solo, mediante modelagem gráfica. Observou-se que a qualidade do solo, em ambos os sistemas de cultivo, é similar quanto aos atributos físicos; os teores de matéria orgânica e fósforo remanescente também são semelhantes, mas a capacidade de troca catiônica é mais alta no solo sob plantio direto. Em relação aos atributos biológicos, o solo sob plantio direto apresenta atividade biológica mais elevada. A qualidade do solo em ambos os sistemas é similar, em relação aos atributos avaliados.The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of an Oxisol under tillage and no-tillage systems. Two experimental areas were studied, both located in Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, DF, Brazil, with eight and ten years of cropping. Soil samples were collected from different depth layers in the experimental plots and native cerrado vegetation area. The following soil atributes were evaluated: bulk density, soil porosity, available water capacity, degree of flocculation, soil resistance to penetration, organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, equilibrium phosphorus, microbial biomass carbon and basal respiration. The data obtained were compared with referential values related to soil quality. The soil quality under both systems is similar, considering the soil physical attributes. The values for organic matter and equilibrium phosphorus are also similar, but the cation exchange capacity is higher for soil under no-tillage. Concerning the biological attributes, the soil under no-tillage presents higher biological activity. The soil quality is similar, under both cropping systems.

Published
2006
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14. Carbono e nitrogênio microbiano em sistemas de cultivo de cebola em um Cambissolo Húmico

Author

Adilson Luz da Silva, Álvaro Luiz Mafra, Osmar Klauberg Filho, Claudinei Kurtz, and Jamil Abdala Fayad

Subjects
Allium cepa L., Atividade microbiana, Biologia do solo, Rotação de culturas., Agriculture, Agriculture (General), S1-972, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de sistemas de cultivo de cebola sobre o carbono e nitrogênio microbiano do solo. O estudo foi realizado em um Cambissolo Húmico distrófico, em cinco tratamentos compostos por sequências de culturas visando cobertura do solo no sistema de cultivo mínimo, como segue: sucessão S1: milho e cebola; sucessão S2: milho, aveia/nabo, cebola, milho safrinha e ervilhaca, milho, centeio, cebola; rotação R1: milho, aveia/nabo/centeio, cebola, girassol, aveia/nabo/ervilhaca, feijão, centeio/nabo, cebola; rotação R2: cebola, milheto, nabo, cebola, milheto, aveia/nabo/ervilhaca, milho, cevada, cebola; rotação R3: cebola, feijão de porco, centeio, cebola, mucuna, centeio, cebola, mucuna, centeio, cebola. Áreas vizinhas ao experimento com plantio convencional (PC) e pomar (PO) foram amostradas como situações de referência. As avaliações foram realizadas em 2010, nas seguintes épocas: pré-plantio (15 dias antes do plantio na palhada), 15 dias após o plantio e na formação dos bulbos de cebola. O solo foi amostrado na camada de 0 a 10 cm e determinados os teores de carbono total (COT), nitrogênio total (NT) e carbono e nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana (Cmic, Nmic). O uso de plantas de coberturas do solo no cultivo mínimo de cebola possibilitou maiores teores de COT e NT no solo em relação ao plantio convencional. O Nmic mostrou-se o melhor indicador de mudanças nos sistemas conservacionistas e plantio convencional. Já o Cmic não variou entre os tratamentos.

Published
2014

15. Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

Author

Phillips, Helen R. P., Bach, Elizabeth M., Bartz, Marie L. C., Bennett, Joanne M., Beugnon, Rémy, Briones, Maria J. I., Brown, George G., Ferlian, Olga, Gongalsky, Konstantin B., Guerra, Carlos A., König-Ries, Birgitta, Krebs, Julia J., Orgiazzi, Alberto, Ramirez, Kelly S., Russell, David J., Schwarz, Benjamin, Wall, Diana H., Brose, Ulrich, Decaëns, Thibaud, Lavelle, Patrick, Loreau, Michel, Mathieu, Jérôme, Mulder, Christian, van der Putten, Wim H., Rillig, Matthias C., Thakur, Madhav P., de Vries, Franciska T., Wardle, David A., Ammer, Christian, Ammer, Sabine, Arai, Miwa, Ayuke, Fredrick O., Baker, Geoff H., Baretta, Dilmar, Barkusky, Dietmar, Beauséjour, Robin, Bedano, Jose C., Birkhofer, Klaus, Blanchart, Eric, Blossey, Bernd, Bolger, Thomas, Bradley, Robert L., Brossard, Michel, Burtis, James C., Capowiez, Yvan, Cavagnaro, Timothy R., Choi, Amy, Clause, Julia, Cluzeau, Daniel, Coors, Anja, Crotty, Felicity V., Crumsey, Jasmine M., Dávalos, Andrea, Cosín, Darío J. Díaz, Dobson, Annise M., Domínguez, Anahí, Duhour, Andrés Esteban, van Eekeren, Nick, Emmerling, Christoph, Falco, Liliana B., Fernández, Rosa, Fonte, Steven J., Fragoso, Carlos, Franco, André L. C., Fusilero, Abegail, Geraskina, Anna P., Gholami, Shaieste, González, Grizelle, Gundale, Michael J., López, Mónica Gutiérrez, Hackenberger, Branimir K., Hackenberger, Davorka K., Hernández, Luis M., Hirth, Jeff R., Hishi, Takuo, Holdsworth, Andrew R., Holmstrup, Martin, Hopfensperger, Kristine N., Lwanga, Esperanza Huerta, Huhta, Veikko, Hurisso, Tunsisa T., Iannone III, Basil V., Iordache, Madalina, Irmler, Ulrich, Ivask, Mari, Jesús, Juan B., Johnson-Maynard, Jodi L., Joschko, Monika, Kaneko, Nobuhiro, Kanianska, Radoslava, Keith, Aidan M., Kernecker, Maria L., Koné, Armand W., Kooch, Yahya, Kukkonen, Sanna T., Lalthanzara, H., Lammel, Daniel R., Lebedev, Iurii M., Le Cadre, Edith, Lincoln, Noa K., López-Hernández, Danilo, Loss, Scott R., Marichal, Raphael, Matula, Radim, Minamiya, Yukio, Moos, Jan Hendrik, Moreno, Gerardo, Morón-Ríos, Alejandro, Motohiro, Hasegawa, Muys, Bart, Neirynck, Johan, Norgrove, Lindsey, Novo, Marta, Nuutinen, Visa, Nuzzo, Victoria, Mujeeb Rahman, P., Pansu, Johan, Paudel, Shishir, Pérès, Guénola, Pérez-Camacho, Lorenzo, Ponge, Jean-François, Prietzel, Jörg, Rapoport, Irina B., Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Rebollo, Salvador, Rodríguez, Miguel Á., Roth, Alexander M., Rousseau, Guillaume X., Rozen, Anna, Sayad, Ehsan, van Schaik, Loes, Scharenbroch, Bryant, Schirrmann, Michael, Schmidt, Olaf, Schröder, Boris, Seeber, Julia, Shashkov, Maxim P., Singh, Jaswinder, Smith, Sandy M., Steinwandter, Michael, Szlavecz, Katalin, Talavera, José Antonio, Trigo, Dolores, Tsukamoto, Jiro, Uribe-López, Sheila, de Valença, Anne W., Virto, Iñigo, Wackett, Adrian A., Warren, Matthew W., Webster, Emily R., Wehr, Nathaniel H., Whalen, Joann K., Wironen, Michael B., Wolters, Volkmar, Wu, Pengfei, Zenkova, Irina V., Zhang, Weixin, Cameron, Erin K., Eisenhauer, Nico, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig University, Saint Mary's University [Halifax], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University of Canberra, Universidade de Vigo, Embrapa Forestry, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Department of Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Catania [Italy], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Asian School of the Environment (ASE), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), University of Nairobi (UoN), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), National University of Río Cuarto = Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Brandenburg University of Technology [Cottbus – Senftenberg] (BTU), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Cornell University [New York], University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Adelaide, University of Toronto, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Aberystwyth University, Royal Agricultural University (RAU), University of Georgia [USA], State University of New York (SUNY), Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution [Madrid], Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Yale University [New Haven], Universidad Nacional de Luján [Buenos Aires], Louis Bolk Institute (LBI), Trier University, Animal Biodiversity and Evolution, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE), Department of Soil and Crop Sciences [Fort Collins], Biodiversity and Systematic Network, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Department of Biology [Fort Collins], Department of Biological Science and Environmental Studies, University of the Philippines - Mindanao, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering - Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity (RAS), Razi University of Kermanshah, USDA Forest Service, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Agriculture engineering, Agroecology Postgraduate Program, Maranhão State University, Agriculture Victoria (AgriBio), Kyushu University [Fukuoka], Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Department of Bioscience [Aarhus], Northern Kentucky University, Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, EI Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT)-Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT), Soil Physics and Land Management Group, University of Jyväskylä (JYU), College of Agriculture, Environmental and Human Sciences, Lincoln University of Missouri, School of Forest Resources and Conservation [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS|FFGS), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (USAMVBT), Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Tallinn University of Technology (TTÜ), University of Idaho [Moscow, USA], Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Matej Bel University (UMB), UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Université Nangui Abrogoua (UNA), Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences [Tarbiat], Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran], Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Department of Zoology, Pachhunga University College, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology [Moscow] (Skoltech), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, University of Hawai'i [Honolulu] (UH), Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Oklahoma State University [Stillwater] (OSU), Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Tochigi Prefectural Museum, Thuenen-Institute of Biodiversity, Thuenen-Institute of Organic Farming, University of Extremadura, INDEHESA, Forestry School, Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Doshisha University [Kyoto], Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven-Heverlee], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences (BFH), Natural Area Consultants, Department of Zoology, PSMO College, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CSIRO-MAR), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens (PHIPPS), Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Geobotany, Tembotov Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories, Russian Academy of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, Global Change Ecology and Evolution Research Groupp (GloCEE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Conservation, Federal University of Maranhão, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin, The Morton Arboretum, Department Engineering for Crop Production, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD School of Geography, UCD Earth Institute, University College, Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Institute of Geoecology, Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Institute for Alpine Environment, European Academy of Bozen-Bolzano (EURAC), Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, RAS, Institute of Mathematical Problems in Biology (IMPB RAS), Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Khalsa College Amritsar, Morton K. Blaustein Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Kochi University, Juárez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Nanotechnology Engineering, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Jalpa de Méndez, Food & Agriculture, WWF-Netherlands, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Earth Innovation Institute, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Natural resource sciences, The Nature Conservancy, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Southwest Minzu University [Chengdu], Institute of Industrial Ecology Problems of the North of the Kola Science Center of RAS, Henan Agricultural University, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, H.R.P.P., B.K-R., and the sWorm workshops were supported by the sDiv [Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig (DFG FZT 118)]. H.R.P.P., O.F. and N.E. acknowledge funding by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 677232 to NE). K.S.R. and W.H.v.d.P. were supported by ERC-ADV grant 323020 to W.H.v.d.P. Also supported by iDiv (DFG FZT118) Flexpool proposal 34600850 (C.A.G. and N.E.), the Academy of Finland (285882) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (postdoctoral fellowship and RGPIN-2019-05758) (E.K.C.), German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01LO0901A) (D.J.R.), ERC-AdG 694368 (M.R.), the TULIP Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-41) (M.L), and the BBSRC David Phillips Fellowship to F.T.d.V. (BB/L02456X/1). In addition, data collection was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (12-04-01538-a, 12-04-01734-a, 14-44-03666-r_center_a, 15-29-02724-ofi_m, 16-04-01878-a 19-05-00245, 19-04-00-609-a), Tarbiat Modares University, Aurora Organic Dairy, UGC(NERO) (F. 1-6/Acctt./NERO/2007-08/1485), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (RGPIN-2017-05391), Slovak Research and Development Agency (APVV-0098-12), Science for Global Development through Wageningen University, Norman Borlaug LEAP Programme and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Sao Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP (12/22510-8), Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, INIA - Spanish Agency (SUM 2006-00012-00-0), Royal Canadian Geographical Society, Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland) (2005-S-LS-8), University of Hawai'i at Manoa (HAW01127H, HAW01123M), European Union FP7 (FunDivEurope, 265171, ROUTES 265156), U.S. Department of the Navy, Commander Pacific Fleet (W9126G-13-2-0047), Science and Engineering Research Board (SB/SO/AS-030/2013) Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India, Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) of the U.S. Department of Defense (RC-1542), Maranhao State Research Foundation (FAPEMA 03135/13, 02471/17), Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES 3281/2013), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (LTT17033), Colorado Wheat Research Foundation, Zone Atelier Alpes, French National Research Agency (ANR-11-BSV7-0020, ANR-09-STRA-0002, ANR 06 BIODIV 0009), Austrian Science Fund (P16027, T441), Landwirtschaftliche Rentenbank Frankfurt am Main, Welsh Government and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (Project Ref. A AAB 62 03 qA731606), SEPAQ, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland, Science Foundation Ireland (EEB0061), University of Toronto (Faculty of Forestry), National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Haliburton Forest & Wildlife Reserve, NKU College of Arts & Sciences Grant, osterreichische Forschungsforderungsgesellschaft (837393 and 837426), Mountain Agriculture Research Unit of the University of Innsbruck, Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala, UNEP/GEF/TSBF-CIAT Project on Conservation and Sustainable Management of Belowground Biodiversity, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland, Complutense University of Madrid/European Union FP7 project BioBio (FPU UCM 613520), GRDC, AWI, LWRRDC, DRDC, CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council) and FONCyT (National Agency of Scientific and Technological Promotion) (PICT, PAE, PIP), Universidad Nacional de Lujan y FONCyT (PICT 2293 (2006)), Fonds de recherche sur la nature et les technologies du Quebec (131894), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SCHR1000/3-1, SCHR1000/6-1, 6-2 (FOR 1598), WO 670/7-1, WO 670/7-2, & SCHA 1719/1-2), CONACYT (FONDOS MIXTOS TABASCO/PROYECTO11316), NSF (DGE-0549245, DGE-0549245, DEB-BE-0909452, NSF1241932, LTER Program DEB-97-14835), Institute for Environmental Science and Policy at the University of Illinois at Chicago, Dean's Scholar Program at UIC, Garden Club of America Zone VI Fellowship in Urban Forestry from the Casey Tree Endowment Fund, J.E. Weaver Competitive Grant from the Nebraska Chapter of The Nature Conservancy, The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Depaul University, Elmore Hadley Award for Research in Ecology and Evolution from the UIC Dept. of Biological Sciences, Spanish CICYT (AMB96-1161, REN2000-0783/GLO, REN2003-05553/GLO, REN2003-03989/GLO, CGL2007-60661/BOS), Yokohama National University, MEXT KAKENHI (25220104), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (25281053, 17KT0074, 25252026), ADEME (0775C0035), Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain (CGL2017-86926-P), Syngenta Philippines, UPSTREAM, LTSER (Val Mazia/Matschertal), Marie Sklodowska Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship (747607), National Science & Technology Base Resource Survey Project of China (2018FY100306), McKnight Foundation (14-168), Program of Fundamental Researches of Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences (AAAA-A18-118021490070-5), Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq 310690/2017-0, 404191/2019-3, 307486/2013-3), French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, Bavarian Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Forestry (Project No B62), INRA AIDY project, MIUR PRIN 2008, Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, Estonian Science Foundation, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Canada, Russian Science Foundation (16-17-10284), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41371270), Australian Research Council (FT120100463), USDA Forest Service-IITF. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL., ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), ANR-11-BSV7-0020,METABAR,Metacode-barre ADN pour une nouvelle génération de suivi de la biodiversité(2011), ANR-09-STRA-0002,FORGECO,Du diagnostic à l'action: créer les conditions d'une gestion integrée et viable des écosystèmes forestiers sur les territoires(2009), ANR-06-BDIV-0009,AMAZ_BD,Biodiversité des paysages amazoniens. Déterminants socio-économiques et productio de biens et services écosystèmiques(2006), European Project: 677232,H2020,ERC-2015-STG,ECOWORM(2016), European Project: 323020,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-ADG_20120314,SPECIALS(2013), European Project: 265171,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2010,FUNDIVEUROPE(2010), European Project: 265156,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2010,ROUTES(2011), European Project: ERC-2015-AdG 694368, European Project: 227161,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2008-2B,BIOBIO(2009), Terrestrial Ecology (TE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Natural Resources & The Environment [CALS], College of Agriculture and Life Sciences [Cornell University] (CALS), Cornell University [New York]-Cornell University [New York], Department of Entomology [CALS], Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Kyushu University, Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura (UEX), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa. ISFOOD - Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain, Universidad Pública de Navarra. Departamento de Ciencias, Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa. Zientziak Saila, Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative and School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University, Universidade Positivo, Senckenberg Museum for Natural History Görlitz, Department of Soil Zoology, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Rwanda Institute for Conservation Agriculture (RICA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), UCD School of Biology & Environmental Science, UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aberystwyth University, Odum School of Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Yale School Forestry & Environment Studies, Ciencias Básicas, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable -INEDES, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Tarbiat Modaras University, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Oklahoma State University [Stillwater], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Animal Biology (Zoology area), Science Faculty, University of La Laguna, University of California, Justus-Liebig-University [Gießen, Germany], University of Helsinki, HELEN R. P. PHILLIPS, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, ERIN K. CAMERON, Saint Mary’s University, NICO EISENHAUER, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Leipzig University., Wageningen University, JOSÉ ANTONIO TALAVERA, University of La Laguna, DOLORES TRIGO, University Complutense of Madrid, JIRO TSUKAMOTO, Kochi University, SHEILA URIBE-LÓPEZ, Juárez Autonomous University of Tabasco, ANNE W. DE VALENÇA, Unit Food & Agriculture, WWF-Netherlands, IÑIGO VIRTO, Universidad Pública de Navarra, ADRIAN A. WACKETT, University of Minnesota, MATTHEW W. WARREN, Earth Innovation Institute, WEIXIN ZHANG, Henan University, DANIEL CLUZEAU, Université de Rennes, ANJA COORS, ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, FELICITY V. CROTTY, Aberystwyth Universtiy, Royal Agricultural University, JASMINE M. CRUMSEY, University of Georgia, Saint Marys University, ELIZABETH M. BACH, Colorado State University, MARIE L. C. BARTZ, Universidade Positivo, University of Coimbra, JOANNE M. BENNETT, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, RÉMY BEUGNON, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, MARIA J. I. BRIONES, Universidad de Vigo, GEORGE GARDNER BROWN, CNPF, OLGA FERLIAN, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, KONSTANTIN B. GONGALSKY, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lomonosov Moscow State University, CARLOS A. GUERRA, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, BIRGITTA KÖNIG-RIES, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Friedrich Schiller University, JULIA J. KREBS, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, ALBERTO ORGIAZZI, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, KELLY S. RAMIREZ, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, DAVID J. RUSSELL, Senckenberg Museum for Natural History Görlitz, BENJAMIN SCHWARZ, University of Freiburg, DIANA H. WALL, Colorado State University, ULRICH BROSE, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, THIBAUD DECAËNS, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier, PATRICK LAVELLE, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement, MICHEL LOREAU, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, JÉRÔME MATHIEU, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, CHRISTIAN MULDER, University of Catania, WIM H. VAN DER PUTTEN, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, MATTHIAS C. RILLIG, Freie Universität Berlin, MADHAV P. THAKUR, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, FRANCISKA T. DE VRIES, University of Amsterdam, DAVID A. WARDLE, Nanyang Technological University, CHRISTIAN AMMER, University of Göttingen, SABINE AMMER, University of Göttingen, MIWA ARAI, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, FREDRICK O. AYUKE, University of Nairobi, Rwanda Institute for Conservation Agriculture, GEOFF H. BAKER, Health & Biosecurity, DILMAR BARETTA, Santa Catarina State University, DIETMAR BARKUSKY, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, ROBIN BEAUSÉJOUR, Université de Sherbrooke, JOSE C. BEDANO, National University of Rio Cuarto, KLAUS BIRKHOFER, Brandenburg University of Technology, ERIC BLANCHART, Institut Agro, BERND BLOSSEY, Cornell University, THOMAS BOLGER, University College Dublin, ROBERT L. BRADLEY, Université de Sherbrooke, MICHEL BROSSARD, Institut Agro, JAMES C. BURTIS, Cornell University, YVAN CAPOWIEZ, Site Agroparc, TIMOTHY R. CAVAGNARO, The University of Adelaide, AMY CHOI, University of Toronto, JULIA CLAUSE, Université de Poitiers, ANDREA DÁVALOS, SUNY Cortland, DARÍO J. DÍAZ COSÍN, University Complutense of Madrid, ANNISE M. DOBSON, Yale University, ANAHÍ DOMÍNGUEZ, National University of Rio Cuarto, ANDRÉS ESTEBAN DUHOUR, Universidad Nacional de Luján, NICK VAN EEKEREN, Louis Bolk Institute, CHRISTOPH EMMERLING, University of Trier, LILIANA B. FALCO, Universidad Nacional de Luján, ROSA FERNÁNDEZ, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, STEVEN J. FONTE, Colorado State University, CARLOS FRAGOSO, Institute of Ecology A.C., ANDRÉ L. C. FRANCO, Colorado State University, ABEGAIL FUSILERO, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Ghent University, ANNA P. GERASKINA, Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity RAS, SHAIESTE GHOLAMI, Razi University, GRIZELLE GONZÁLEZ, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, MICHAEL J. GUNDALE, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, MÓNICA GUTIÉRREZ LÓPEZ, University Complutense of Madrid, BRANIMIR K. HACKENBERGER, University of Osijek, DAVORKA K. HACKENBERGER, University of Osijek, LUIS M. HERNÁNDEZ, Maranhão State University, JEFF R. HIRTH, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Agriculture Victoria, TAKUO HISHI, Kyushu University, ANDREW R. HOLDSWORTH, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, MARTIN HOLMSTRUP, Aarhus University, KRISTINE N. HOPFENSPERGER, Northern Kentucky University, ESPERANZA HUERTA LWANGA, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Wageningen University & Research, VEIKKO HUHTA, University of Jyväskylä, TUNSISA T. HURISSO, Colorado State University, Lincoln University of Missouri, BASIL V. IANNONE III, University of Florida, MADALINA IORDACHE, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat 'King Michael the 1st of Romania', ULRICH IRMLER, University of Kiel, MARI IVASK, Tallinn University of Technology, JUAN B. JESÚS, University Complutense of Madrid, JODI L. JOHNSON-MAYNARD, University of Idaho, MONIKA JOSCHKO, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, NOBUHIRO KANEKO, Fukushima University, RADOSLAVA KANIANSKA, Matej Bel University, AIDAN M. KEITH, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, MARIA L. KERNECKER, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, ARMAND W. KONÉ, Université Nangui Abrogoua, YAHYA KOOCH, Tarbiat Modares University, SANNA T. KUKKONEN, Natural Resources Institute Finland, H. LALTHANZARA, Pachhunga University College, DANIEL R. LAMMEL, Freie Universität Berlin, IURII M. LEBEDEV, Russian Academy of Sciences, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, EDITH LE CADRE, Institut Agro, NOA K. LINCOLN, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, DANILO LÓPEZ-HERNÁNDEZ, Universidad Central de Venezuela, SCOTT R. LOSS, Oklahoma State University, RAPHAEL MARICHAL, Univ Montpellier, RADIM MATULA, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, YUKIO MINAMIYA, Tochigi Prefectural Museum, JAN HENDRIK MOOS, Thuenen-Institute of Biodiversity, GERARDO MORENO, University of Extremadura, ALEJANDRO MORÓN-RÍOS, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, HASEGAWA MOTOHIRO, Doshisha University, BART MUYS, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, JOHAN NEIRYNCK, Research Institute for Nature and Forest, LINDSEY NORGROVE, Bern University of Applied Sciences, MARTA NOVO, University Complutense of Madrid, VISA NUUTINEN, Natural Resources Institute Finland, VICTORIA NUZZO, Natural Area Consultants, P. MUJEEB RAHMAN, PSMO College, JOHAN PANSU, CSIRO Ocean and Atmosphere, Sorbonne Université, SHISHIR PAUDEL, Oklahoma State University, Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens, GUÉNOLA PÉRÈS, CNRS-Université de Rennes, Institut Agro, LORENZO PÉREZ CAMACHO, University of Alcalá, JEAN-FRANÇOIS PONGE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, JÖRG PRIETZEL, Technical University of Munich, IRINA B. RAPOPORT, Russian Academy of Sciences, MUHAMMAD IMTIAZ RASHID, King Abdulaziz University, SALVADOR REBOLLO, University of Alcalá, MIGUEL Á. RODRÍGUEZ, University of Alcalá, ALEXANDER M. ROTH, University of Minnesot, Friends of the Mississippi River, GUILLAUME X. ROUSSEAU, Maranhão State University, Federal University of Maranhão, ANNA ROZEN, University of Wisconsin, EHSAN SAYAD, Razi University, LOES VAN SCHAIK, Wageningen University & Research, BRYANT SCHARENBROCH, University of Wisconsin, MICHAEL SCHIRRMANN, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, OLAF SCHMIDT, University College Dublin, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, BORIS SCHRÖDER, Technische Universität Braunschweig, JULIA SEEBER, University of Innsbruck, MAXIM P. SHASHKOV, Russian Academy of Sciences, JASWINDER SINGH, Khalsa College Amritsar, SANDY M. SMITH, University of Toronto, MICHAEL STEINWANDTER, Institute for Alpine Environment, KATALIN SZLAVECZ, Johns Hopkins University, EMILY R. WEBSTER, University of California, NATHANIEL H. WEHR, University of Hawaii, JOANN K. WHALEN, Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, MICHAEL B. WIRONEN, The Nature Conservancy, VOLKMAR WOLTERS, Animal Ecology, Justus Liebig University, PENGFEI WU, Southwest Minzu University, IRINA V. ZENKOVA, Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), and Technical University of Munich (TUM)

Subjects
Data Descriptor, Distribuição Geográfica, Plan_S-Compliant-OA, Soil, Biomass, biodiversity, Diversity, Ecology, Biodiversidade, Biodiversity, eliöyhteisöt, maaperäeliöstö, PE&RC, Computer Science Applications, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Biogeography, international, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, Ecosystem engineers, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Information Systems, Statistics and Probability, lierot, Science, Invertebrados, Library and Information Sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Ecology and Environment, Education, eliömaantiede, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Minhoca, Serviço ambiental, BIODIVERSITY CHANGE, Life Science, Ecosystem services, Earthworms, Datasets, Animals, Spatial distribution, Community ecology, Oligochaeta, Laboratorium voor Nematologie, Ecosystem, 1172 Environmental sciences, biogeography, Science & Technology, LAND-USE, Biology and Life Sciences, PLATFORM, Bodemfysica en Landbeheer, Ecología, Ecossistema, biodiversiteetti, Soil Physics and Land Management, Solo, Biologia do Solo, maaperäeläimistö, 570 Life sciences, biology, eartworm, abundance, biomass, diversity, Laboratory of Nematology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, COMMUNITIES, community ecology
Abstract

Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change., Measurement(s) earthworm communities • Abundance • organic material • Diversity • environmental properties Technology Type(s) digital curation Factor Type(s) location Sample Characteristic - Organism Lumbricina Sample Characteristic - Environment soil Sample Characteristic - Location global Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13399118

Published
2021

16. The influence of land use systems on soil and surface litter fauna in the western region of Santa Catarina.

Author

Carolina Bartz, Marie Luise, Brown, George Gardner, Orso, Renato, Mafra, Álvaro Luiz, and Baretta, Dilmar

Abstract

Copyright of Revista Ciência Agronômica is the property of Revista Ciencia Agronomica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2014
Full Text
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17. Levantamento de invertebrados epiedáficos em ambiente contaminado por chumbo

Author

Cousseau, Laura, Tessaro, Dinéia, Vargas, Regiane Franco, Silva, Jéssica Camile da, Kubiak, Ketrin Lohrayne, and Zarzicki, Luis Felipe Wille

Subjects
Biologia do solo, lcsh:LC8-6691, Metales pesados, lcsh:Special aspects of education, Contaminación, invertebrados, Invertebrados, Invertebrates, Biología del suelo, Contaminação, lcsh:Social Sciences, lcsh:H, Metal pesado, Soil biology, Contamination, metal pesado, Heavy metal, lcsh:Science (General), biologia do solo, contaminação, lcsh:Q1-390
Abstract

The objective of this work was to characterize the epiedaptic fauna in soil contaminated by lead in the Southwest region of Paraná. The work was carried out in the area of a deactivated battery recycler, which was subdivided into 6 blocks with direct influence of contamination and 2 blocks, as a reference, located outside the contamination perimeter. The edaphic fauna was sampled by installing 4 Pitfall-traps in each plot, which remained 6 days in the field, with subsequent classification of the sampled organisms. To determine the lead content, in each plot 4 soil samples were collected and homogenized for analysis in the laboratory. The plots with direct influence have lead values above what is allowed by the legislation and demonstrate differentiation in the composition of the epiedaphic fauna in relation to the control areas, presenting a greater wealth of groups, greater diversity and uniformity, and the presence of exclusive groups, such as Blattodea, Dermaptera, Gastropoda and Isopoda. The Formicidae family showed high abundance in the soil with a higher lead content, showing to be a good indicator of this condition. The Collembola class showed no development limitation in the contaminated areas, with a high abundance of the group being found in all the plots, especially in those where the vegetation is more developed. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la fauna epiedaptic en el suelo contaminado con plomo en la región suroeste de Paraná. El trabajo se llevó a cabo en el área de un reciclador de baterías desactivado, que se subdividió en 6 bloques con influencia directa de la contaminación y 2 bloques, como referencia, ubicados fuera del perímetro de contaminación. La fauna edáfica se muestreó instalando 4 trampas de caída en cada parcela, que permanecieron 6 días en el campo, con la clasificación posterior de los organismos muestreados. Para determinar el contenido de plomo, en cada parcela se recolectaron 4 muestras de suelo y se homogeneizaron para su análisis en el laboratorio. Las parcelas con influencia directa tienen valores principales por encima de lo permitido por la legislación y demuestran diferenciación en la composición de la fauna epiedafica en relación con las áreas de control, presentando mayor riqueza grupal, mayor diversidad y uniformidad, y la presencia de grupos exclusivos, como Blattodea, Dermaptera, Gastropoda e Isopoda. La familia Formicidae mostró una gran abundancia en el suelo con un mayor contenido de plomo, lo que demuestra ser un buen indicador de esta condición. La clase Collembola no mostró limitación de desarrollo en las áreas contaminadas, con una gran abundancia del grupo en todas las parcelas, especialmente en aquellas donde la vegetación está más desarrollada. O trabalho teve por objetivo a caracterização da fauna epiedáfica em solo contaminado por chumbo na região Sudoeste do Paraná. O trabalho foi realizado na área de uma recicladora de baterias desativada, a qual foi subdividida em 6 glebas com influência direta da contaminação e 2 glebas, como referência, localizadas fora do perímetro de contaminação. A fauna edáfica foi amostrada instalando 4 armadilhas Pitfall-traps em cada gleba, as quais permaneceram 6 dias em campo, com posterior classificação dos organismos amostrados. Para determinar o teor de chumbo, em cada gleba 4 amostras de solo foram coletadas e homogeneizadas para análise em laboratório. As glebas com influência direta possuem valores de chumbo acima do permitido pela legislação e demonstram diferenciação na composição da fauna epiedáfica em relação às áreas controle, apresentando maior riqueza de grupos, maior diversidade e uniformidade, e presença de grupos exclusivos, como Blattodea, Dermaptera, Gastropoda e Isopoda. A família Formicidae apresentou elevada abundância no solo com maior teor de chumbo, mostrando-se uma boa indicadora desta condição. A classe Collembola não apresentou limitação de desenvolvimento nas áreas contaminadas, sendo encontrada elevada abundância do grupo em todas as glebas, principalmente naquelas onde a vegetação é mais desenvolvida.

Published
2020

18. Soil macrofauna in organic and conventional coffee plantations in Brazil

Author

Santos, Janaina Biral dos, Ramos, Alessandro Coutinho, Azevedo Júnior, Romildo, Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos Iuñes de, Baretta, Dilmar, and Cardoso, Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira

Subjects
fauna do solo, ecologia do solo, bioindicators, clima, bioindicadores, soil fauna, climate, biologia do solo, soil biology, soil ecology
Abstract

Brazil has always been one of the most important coffee producing countries. Lately, there has equally been a renewed interest in alternative coffee production systems. The state of Espírito Santo is the second greatest coffee producer in Brazil; so, we used local coffee plantations to evaluate the relations between soil macrofauna and chemical and microbiological soil properties to identify which of these properties discriminate more effectively between the organic management system (OS) and the conventional management system (CS) of coffee plantations. For each of these two cultivation systems we chose three coffee farms who employed both cultivation systems and picked out the most similar fields from each property. At each site, first we sampled the litter at the soil surface. Afterwards, we sampled nine soil monoliths to evaluate the macrofauna, in summer and winter. We also collected nine supplemental soil samples, taken at a few centimeters from the soil monoliths, for chemical and microbiological analyses. Macrofauna density was evaluated by ANOVA and multivariate analysis. The chemical and microbiological properties are environmental variables, while the data on macrofauna are the explanatory variables. The total number of individuals recovered in this study was 3,354, and the climate, identified by the sampling season, was a great modulator of macrofauna, with higher numbers in winter. The principal components analysis showed that soil moisture, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, boron, copper, pH, acid and alkaline phosphatases and microbial biomass carbon, were the most outstanding ones to discriminate both cultivation systems. We found no statistical significant differences in macrofauna density between OS and CS, probably due to a general great variability, since there was a tendency for much greater values in OS. We detected the interference of chemical and microbiological soil properties on the macrofauna community in both systems of coffee cultivation, and some results clearly correlated much better with climate data than with other factors. To our knowledge, this is the first time in which the data point to a clear separation between the more numerous and diversified soil macrofauna in coffee with organic cultivation from that with a conventional cultivation system. Resumo: O Brasil sempre foi um dos mais importantes países produtores de café. Ultimamente, houve um renovado interesse pelos sistemas alternativos de produção de café. O Estado do Espírito Santo é o segundo maior produtor de café do Brasil; então, utilizaram-se plantações locais de café para avaliar as relações entre a macrofauna do solo e as propriedades químicas e microbiológicas do solo para identificar quais dessas propriedades discriminam mais efetivamente entre o sistema de manejo orgânico (SO) e o sistema de manejo convencional (SC) das plantações de café. Para cada um desses dois sistemas de cultivo, escolheu-se três fazendas de café que empregaram ambos os sistemas de cultivo e selecionaram os campos mais similares de cada propriedade. Em cada local, primeiro amostrou-se a serrapilheira do solo. Posteriormente, amostraram-se nove monólitos de solo para avaliar a macrofauna, tanto no verão como no inverno. Também, foram coletadas nove amostras suplementares de solo, a alguns centímetros dos monólitos de solo, para análises químicas e microbiológicas. A densidade da macrofauna foi avaliada por ANOVA e análise multivariada. As propriedades químicas e microbiológicas são variáveis ambientais, enquanto os dados sobre a macrofauna são as variáveis explicativas. O número total de indivíduos recuperados neste estudo foi de 3.354 e o clima, identificado pela época de amostragem, foi um ótimo modulador da macrofauna, com maiores números no inverno. A análise dos componentes principais mostrou que a umidade do solo, matéria orgânica, nitrogênio, fósforo, boro, cobre, pH, fosfatases ácido e alcalina e carbono da biomassa microbiana, foram os mais destacados para discriminar ambos os sistemas de cultivo. Encontraram-se diferenças significativas na densidade da macrofauna entre SO e SC, provavelmente devido a uma grande variabilidade geral, uma vez que houve uma tendência para valores muito maiores no SO. Detectou-se a interferência das propriedades químicas e microbiológicas do solo na comunidade de macrofauna em ambos os sistemas de cultivo de café, e alguns resultados claramente correlacionados muito melhor com os dados climáticos do que com outros fatores. A nosso conhecimento, esta é a primeira vez em que os dados apontam para uma clara separação entre a macrofauna do solo mais numerosa e diversificada em café com cultivo orgânico de que com um sistema de cultivo convencional.

Published
2018

19. Symbiotic and agronomic efficiency of new cowpea rhizobia from Brazilian Semi-Arid

Author

Lindete Míria Vieira Martins, Rafaela Simão Abrahão Nóbrega, Paulo Ivan Fernandes-Júnior, Linnajara de Vasconcelos Martins Ferreira, Rita de Cássia Nunes Marinho, Aleksandro Ferreira da Silva, RITA DE CÁSSIA NUNES MARINHO, Universidade Federal do Piauí - Departamento de Fitotecnia - Bom Jesus, PI, LINNAJARA DE VASCONCELOS MARTINS FERREIRA, Instituto Federal do Pará - Campus Rural de Marabá - Marabá, PA, ALEKSANDRO FERREIRA DA SILVA, UFRPE, LINDETE MÍRIA VIEIRA MARTINS, Universidade do Estado da Bahia - Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciências Sociais - Juazeiro, BA, RAFAELA SIMÃO ABRAHÃO NÓBREGA, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo Baiano - Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Cruz das Almas, BA, and PAULO IVAN FERNANDES JUNIOR, CPATSA.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, inoculant, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Field experiment, 030106 microbiology, Caupi, Bradyrhizobium, Rhizobia, Crop, Seleção de estirpes, strain selection, 03 medical and health sciences, Inoculante, São Francisco River Valley, Rhizobium, Feijão de corda, Cultivar, Cowpea, lcsh:Agriculture (General), Microbial inoculant, biology, Inoculation, Fixação biológica de azoto, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Rizóbio, biological nitrogen fixation, biology.organism_classification, Vale do Rio São Francisco, lcsh:S1-972, Agronomy, Biologia do Solo, Shoot, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract

Cowpea is a very important crop to Brazilian Semi-Arid mainly small family-based farmers. Rhizobia inoculation is a practice, easy to use, and cheap technology that increases cowpea productivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of two new rhizobia isolates in greenhouse and field as well as classify them taxonomically. To bacterial identification the 16S rRNA gene of ESA 17 and ESA 18 isolates were sequenced. The greenhouse test was conducted with pots containing 3 L of soil and the bacterial isolates evaluated were ESA 17, ESA 18, BR 3267 or BR 3262 strains. A field experiment was implemented on a Vertisol in Juazeiro, Bahia State, to evaluate the cowpea growth and productivity. In this experiment, the peat-based inoculants with ESA 17, ESA 18, BR 3267 or UFLA 3-84 were used in 2 cowpea cultivars. Both bacteria were identified as Bradyrhizobium, but related to different species. ESA 17 was related to B. japonicum and ESA 18 was closer to B. pachyrhizi. At greenhouse, both isolates increased cowpea nitrogen content in the shoots due to the presence of very efficient nodules. In the field, the isolate ESA 18 inoculated at BRS Pujante cultivar induced higher production than observed for the absolute control, and for BR 17 Gurguéia cultivar, the ESA 17 and BR 3267 stood out both by inducing high production and grain protein content. The results indicate that both isolates can be evaluated in network experiments aiming at official recommendation for new bacteria to cowpea inoculant in Brazil.

Published
2017

20. Dynamic of epigeous macrofauna under organic soil management in the Brazilian semi-arid region Dinâmica da macrofauna epígea sob manejo orgânico do solo no semi-árido brasileiro

Author

Márcio Sampaio Pimentel, Rubens Silva Carvalho, Daniela Pionório Vilaronga, Lindete Míria Vieira Martins, and Adriano Victor Lopes da Silva

Subjects
Biologia do solo, Fauna do solo, Adubação verde, Coquetel vegetal, lcsh:Agriculture (General), lcsh:S1-972, Caatinga
Abstract

Soil macrofauna is responsible for soil fertility through cycling of nutrients, tillage and fragmentation of organic matter, as well as through the association between groups of fauna with conserved and/or degraded pedoenvironments. Nevertheless, under the conditions of the Brazilian semi-arid region, there is little information about this resource. The objective of this study was to evaluate the epigeous macrofauna in successive cropping using previous green manure and subsequent planting of melon (Cucumis melo L.) in Juazeiro county, Bahia, Brazil. Sampling dates were undertaken in November 2007 and February, April and July 2008, using traps containing 4 % formaldehyde for seven days in plots of 64 m2. Results obtained indicate that there is no difference among the treatments with mixed cover crops, and epigeous macrofauna is influenced by the time of collection. Diversity and uniformity are inversely correlated with total density of epigeous macrofauna. Diversification of plant species favors the increase of diversity and uniformity of epigeous macrofauna. Formicidae, followed by Isopoda, Coleoptera and Oligochaeta are the groups of fauna most numerous in the areas. A macrofauna do solo é responsável pela melhoria da fertilidade do solo através da ciclagem de nutrientes, revolvimento e fragmentação da matéria orgânica, como também, pela associação entre grupos de fauna com pedoambientes conservados e/ou degradados. No entanto, nas condições de semi-árido brasileiro pouca informação se tem a respeito deste recurso. Neste sentido, na região do sub-médio do Rio São Francisco, pólo de desenvolvimento da agricultura irrigada objetivou-se avaliar a macrofauna epígea em sucessão cultural utilizando prévia adubação verde e subseqüente plantio de melão (Cucumis melo L.). As coletas foram realizadas em novembro de 2007 e fevereiro, abril e julho de 2008 no município de Juazeiro, BA, utilizando armadilhas contendo formol 4 % durante sete dias em parcelas de 64 m2. Os resultados obtidos indicam que não há diferença entre os tratamentos com coquetéis vegetais e que a macrofauna epígea é influenciada pela época de coleta. A diversidade e a uniformidade correlacionam-se inversamente com a densidade total da macrofauna epígea. A diversificação de espécies vegetais favorece o aumento da diversidade e uniformidade da macrofauna epígea e que Formicidae, seguido por Isopoda, Coleóptera e Oligochaeta são os grupos de fauna mais encontrados nos ambientes avaliados.

Published
2012

21. Dinâmica e distribuição vertical de uma população de Hrabeiella periglandulata (Annelida) no Sul da Morávia, República Tcheca

Author

Jiří Schlaghamerský and Adéla Šídová

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Czech, Soil biology, Population, Distribution (economics), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Soil pH, terrestrial Polychaeta, education, Polychaeta terrestre, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, Ecology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sampling (statistics), Soil classification, 15. Life on land, language.human_language, soil biology, fauna edáfica, Geography, language, Soil horizon, Animal Science and Zoology, Physical geography, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, biologia do solo, soil fauna
Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the density, dynamics and vertical distribution of a Hrabeiella periglandulata population in a forest soil at Brno, Czech Republic. From December 2003 to November 2004, two plots covered by mixed stands and two covered by coniferous stands were sampled monthly. Six soil cores per plot were taken down to 15 cm and subdivided into layers, which were subjected to wet funnel extraction. Missing in one of the coniferous stands H. periglandulata was abundant in the mixed stand with the highest soil pH. In this stand, monthly sampling continued until November 2005, with three additional samplings up to January 2007. Mean annual density was 2,672±1,534 individuals m-2. Population dynamics differed from those reported from Germany. Highest densities were reached in early summer, lowest between August and December. Due to aggregated horizontal distribution, differences between monthly values were often nonsignificant. No significant correlation with climatic data was found. Nevertheless, the observed dynamics corresponded to the climatic conditions, showing particularly the negative effect of drought. The population was evenly distributed in the sampled soil profile, only avoiding the organic layer. Except for a locality in Poland, this is the easternmost record of the species. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a densidade, a dinâmica e a distribuição vertical de uma população de Hrabeiella periglandulata em uma floresta de Brno, República Tcheca. De dezembro de 2003 a novembro de 2004, amostras de solo foram coletadas mensalmente, em duas áreas de floresta mista e duas áreas de floresta de coníferas. Em cada área, seis amostras de solo foram retiradas até a profundidade de 15 cm, subdivididas em camadas e colocadas para extração úmida em funil. Não encontrada em uma das áreas de floresta de coníferas, H. periglandulata foi abundante na área de floresta mista com pH do solo mais alto, onde a amostragem mensal continuou até novembro de 2005, com três amostragens adicionais até janeiro de 2007. A densidade média anual foi de 2.672±1.534 indivíduos por m². A dinâmica populacional diferiu da encontrada na Alemanha. As maiores densidades foram encontradas no início do verão, e as menores entre agosto e dezembro. Em razão da distribuição horizontal agregada, diferenças entre os valores mensais foram, frequentemente, não significativas. Nenhuma correlação significativa com dados climáticos foi encontrada. No entanto, as dinâmicas observadas corresponderam às condições climáticas, particularmente, ao efeito negativo da seca. A população foi homogeneamente distribuída no perfil de solo amostrado, e evitou, somente, a camada orgânica. Com exceção de uma localidade na Polônia, este é o registro mais a leste sobre esta espécie.

Published
2009

22. Termite activity in relation to natural grassland soil attributes

Author

Kaschuk, Glaciela, Santos, Julio Cesar Pires, Almeida, Jaime Antonio, Sinhorati, Deise Cristina, and Berton-Junior, João Francisco

Subjects
clay minerals, argilominerais, cupinzeiros, chemical and physical soil properties, termite mounds, propriedades químicas e físicas do solo, biologia do solo, soil biology
Abstract

Soil-feeding termites transport soil for mound building, and this process can affect soil characteristics. To verify the influence of soil termite activity on soil characteristics, samples were collected from top, bottom and center of termite mounds, and of the adjacent area, to assess chemical and physical properties and mineralogical composition. Four replicates of termite mounds and respective adjacent areas were randomly sampled in Lages, Capão Alto, Painel, São José do Cerrito and Coxilha Rica (State of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil). Results of chemical analyses showed a greater content of K, P, Ca, Mg and organic C in the inner part of termite mounds, accompanied by lower pH in relation to soil of the adjacent area. There were no differences regarding clay mineral composition between termite mounds and adjacent soil, however the proportion of sand and clay differed between them. It is concluded that termites modify soil characteristics due to great volume of soil transported per ascensum for mound construction (varying from 20.9 m³ ha-1 to 136.6 m³ ha-1, in this study) which promotes a strong pedo-bio-perturbation and affects nutrient cycling and soil physical properties. Os térmitas (cupins) do solo carregam partículas de solo para construção de seus ninhos e desta forma, podem afetar algumas características pedológicas. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a influência da atividade de térmitas nas características do solo através de análises das propriedades químicas e físicas e da composição mineralógica de amostras coletadas na base, topo e centro dos ninhos e área de solo adjacente. Quatro cupinzeiros e suas respectivas áreas adjacentes foram aleatoriamente amostrados em Lages, Capão Alto, Painel, São José do Cerrito e Coxilha Rica (Santa Catarina). Os resutados das análises químicas mostraram que o conteúdo de K, P, Ca, Mg e C orgânico no centro dos ninhos foi maior e o pH menor em relação à área de solo adjacente. Não houve diferenças na composição dos argilominerais entre os ninhos e as áreas adjacentes, no entanto, a composição granulométrica dos solos diferiu entre os dois locais. Térmitas podem modificar outras características do solo, tais como as propriedades físicas e químicas, devido ao elevado volume de solo transportado per ascensum para construção dos cupinzeiros (entre 20,9 m³ ha-1 e 136,6 m³ ha-1 neste estudo) que promove a bioturbação e afeta a ciclagem de nutrientes.

Published
2006

23. The influence of land use systems on soil and surface litter fauna in the western region of Santa Catarina

Author

George G. Brown, Renato Orso, Dilmar Baretta, Marie Luise Carolina Bartz, and Álvaro Luiz Mafra

Subjects
Biologia do solo, Soil biodiversity, Agriculture (General), Soil biology, Fauna, Soil Science, Horticulture, S1-972, Soil management, Sustentabilidade, Biodiversidade do solo, lcsh:Agriculture (General), Pitfall traps, Land use, Eucalyptus, lcsh:S1-972, Geography, Agronomy, Sustainability, Litter, Sistemas de uso do solo, Species richness, Armadilhas Pitfall, Soil management systems, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the abundance of soil and surface litter fauna in the western region of Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil, in the following land use systems (LUS): no-tillage crops (NT), integrated crop-livestock (ICL), pasture (PA), Eucalyptus plantation (EP) and native forest fragments (NF). Sampling was done in three counties in the western region of Santa Catarina: Xanxerê, Chapecó and São Miguel do Oeste, in two seasons (winter and summer). The evaluation of soil/litter fauna in each LUS was performed by installing nine "pitfall traps" per sampling grid (3 x 3). The counties are true replicas. The soil for the chemical attributes was collected at the same sampling points for soil fauna. Altogether, 17 taxa were identified in the five LUS. The presence of groups of fauna was influenced by the type of soil management used. The LUS NF and EP provide better soil conditions for the development of a higher diversity of soil fauna groups compared to other LUS, which showed varying degrees of human intervention, regardless of the sampling season (winter or summer). However, annual crop systems NT and ICL groups showed greater richness and total abundance when compared to the perennial systems (EP and PA). Principal component analysis is an important tool in the study of biological indicators of sustainability because it allows use of soil attributes (chemical and physical) as explanatory environmental variables, which helps in the interpretation of ecological data. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a abundância da fauna do solo e da serrapilheira na região oeste do estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, nos seguintes sistemas de uso do solo (SUS): culturas sob plantio direto (NT), integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP), pastagem (PA), reflorestamento de eucalipto (EP) e fragmentos de floresta nativa (NF). As amostragens foram realizadas em três municípios da região oeste de Santa Catarina: Xanxerê, Chapecó e São Miguel do Oeste, em duas estações (inverno e verão). A avaliação da fauna do solo e da liteira em cada SUS foi realizada instalando-se nove armadilhas do tipo "Ptifall traps" em um grid amostral (3 x 3). Os municípios são as réplicas verdadeiras. O solo para a análise química foi coletado nos mesmos pontos da fauna. No total, foram identificados 17 táxons nos cinco SUS. A presença de grupos da fauna do solo foi influenciada pelo manejo de solo utilizado. Os SUS NF e EP apresentaram as melhores condições para o desenvolvimento de uma maior diversidade de grupos da fauna edáfica, comparados aos outros sistemas de uso do solo, que mostraram diferentes graus de intervenção humana, independentemente da época de amostragem (inverno ou verão). No entanto, os sistemas de cultivo anual NT e ILP apresentaram maior riqueza de grupos e abundância total, comparados aos sistemas perenes (EP e PA). A análise de componentes principais é uma importante ferramenta nos estudos de indicadores de sustentabilidade, pois ajudam na interpretação dos dados ecológicos.

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