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Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is a trailblazer in obtaining critical information in oral observational studies involving forensic medicine. It holds immense potential in forensic odontology. Machine learning’s involvement in our daily lives has doubled. The constructive upgraded mechanism of machine learning involved in exploring lip print patterns is a crucial perspective for future diagnostic studies. Objectives: To illuminate the significance and application of AI technology in forensic odontology, specifically lip print analysis. The cardinal objective is to identify the most effective algorithm for lip print analysis using AI. Methodology: The data for this study were collected by conducting a thorough search of articles published in reputable search engines between January 2010 and January 2024. The QUADAS-2 tool forms an impression of the risk of bias in the selected studies. Search engines such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane were extensively searched for data collection. Results: All studies shortlisted for this review present promising results. Results showed that of all algorithms, VGG16 and VGG19 are better than other algorithms in terms of accuracy, precision, and recall. Conclusion: Our focus in this study is to determine whether AI is efficient in providing results for lip print pattern analysis and standardize an AI network algorithm that works best for it.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of cheiloscopic patterns in Pakistani population. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Post Graduate Medical Institute (PGMI), Lahore, Capital diagnostic Centre CDC Islamabad, HITEC Taxilla for a duration of 12 months from 1 September 2021 to 31 August 2022. Materials and Methods: The lip prints of 320 males and females were taken by applying lip shades and then cellophane tapes (2 inches). They were transferred to an A4 sheet (white A4 ROCO Premium 80g copy papers) and then observed with magnifying hand lenses Deluxe magnifier (70mm diameter). The data was analyzed by IBM SPSS statistics 27.0. Chi square test was applied and a p value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The results showed differences in all individuals in both lip prints. The predominant lip pattern was type III, observed in 159 (99.4%) male participants while it was observed in all the female participants. Type I' observed in 37 (23.1%) female participants and IV are greater in females 160(100%) than males. Type II (was) greater in males 152 (95.0%) than females. Conclusion: Lip prints are useful tool that can be used as biometric markers in dentistry and forensic odontology.

Lip print analysis has been proposed as a new human identification technique that allows the estimation of various individual parameters, such as population affinity. However, more consensus among the scientific community regarding this topic is needed. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to gather evidence that might clarify whether cheiloscopy can be used in population affinity estimation. The systematic review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. A bibliographic survey was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, restricted to articles published between 2010 and 2022. Studies were selected according to eligibility criteria, and the study data were collected. The risk of bias in each study was assessed and applied as additional inclusion or exclusion criteria. A descriptive approach synthesized the results of the articles eligible for analysis. Out of seven included studies, six demonstrated differences in lip patterns between different population groups, and one obtained inconclusive results. Several methodological flaws in the studies and variations in the collection and analysis methodology applied, which may have conditioned the results obtained, were identified. The data gathered allowed us to conclude that no solid scientific evidence supports the use of cheiloscopy in population affinity estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Lip prints just like fingerprints follow unique patterns in every individual and are said to vary significantly even within the same family. Lip prints can be recognized from 6th week of intrauterine life and remain unchanged throughout their life. The objective of the present study was to evaluate personal identification through lip print patterns with additional reference to twins and members of the same family. Materials and Methods: Lips of 75 males, 75 females, and 30 twins were studied in various quadrants. In addition, the pattern in the middle 10 mm of the lower lip was also evaluated to note the pattern distribution and dominance of the type of pattern in different genders. Lip print patterns in five families across three generations (eight members each of the same family) were observed for the existence of inheritance of patterns from their ancestors. Results: Among males and females, the most common pattern in the middle 10 mm of the lower lip is Type III (34.66%) and Type IV (32%), respectively. In the middle 10 mm of the lower lip, 33.33% of twins have similar lip patterns but with differences in its arrangements. The result showed different lip print patterns even in twins and among the members of the same family across three generations, with some similar patterns which suggesting hereditary influences in lip prints. Conclusion: In the present, we can see that lip prints are unique and permanent for every human being even among twins and individuals of the same family.

Although almost all studies exclude lip conditions because they would affect furrow patterns, some authors maintain that they should be considered temporary or permanent disabilities, all of which require further research in this context.We present a study in which we associate lip conditions with lip print patterns to associate both morphological elements for fieldwork purposes. Fifty-seven women and 48 men aged between 19 and 38 years who resided in Temuco (Chile) were included. The lip conditions and their prints were recorded, and an analysis, comparison, evaluation, and verification protocol (ACE-V) for lip prints was applied. Of the participants, 27.4 % had healthy lips, while 71.7 % had some type of condition. Although patterns related to temporary and permanent lip conditions were recognized in the lip prints in a non-significant way, the diagnosis of "healthy" or "altered" lip status could be made significantly by a calibrated examiner. Although these conditions do not represent identifying variables without empirical studies to validate them, they can affect the quality of the evaluated lip print; therefore, they should be recognized during the analyses considering the prevalence of these conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endless ink and pixel space have been spent to validate the use of cheiloscopy classification systems in the field of identification. It is becoming evident that lip-print patterns may provide indications about an individual's gender, race, occupation, habits, blood type, and paternity. Over the course of time, much data have been collected on a substantial population in this field. In the present study, we strive to see how well a noble total lip scoring (TLS) system works in identifying a person's gender among the College of Dentistry students. We also quantified the total groove score (TGS) and compared it with each quadrant for better authentication of the set study design. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 60 dental students (30 males and 30 females), with an age range of 18-30 years. Lip prints were recorded using the writing pad method and subsequently digitalized by capturing the images using Adobe Photoshop CS 6 Extended Version, counted and summed up, quadrant-wise, in both upper and lower lips. The TLS and TGS between males and females were statistically calculated using the Jamovi project. Results: The mean value for TLS for males (n = 402; SD ± 92.1) is higher than that for females (n = 348; SD ± 86.1). The correlation matrix applying a non-parametric test for non-continuous data using Spearman's ratio inferred a statistically significant correlation (-0.354) with a P-value of 0.005 for TLS, whereas a correlation (-0.162) of TGS with gender was not so significant with a P-value of 0.217. Conclusion: Our study proved the uniqueness of applying TLS as a novel approach to gender identification. The study revealed that males had a statistically higher lip score than females. Clinical Significance/Future Implications: Being unique, our study inferred the importance of TLS, which needs to be explored in detail for applying, evaluating, and validating its accuracy in forensic research that can help for errorless investigations as full-proof evidence in court. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is necessary to identify human individuals for personal, social, and legal reasons. The use of conventional methods such as use of fingerprints and lip prints is of paramount importance since personal identification by other means such as DNA analysis is sophisticated and not available in rural areas and developing countries. Lip Prints are the Wrinkles and grooves imprints visible on the lips They have been named by Tsuchihashi as 'Sulci labiorum rubrorum'. 19 major groups have been identified in humans by Karl Landsteiner (1971). Among these only "ABO" and "Rhesus" groups are used most of the time. Studies of the association between lip prints, blood groups and gender are scanty in the literature. There are other reference data available on various forms of personal identification such as fingerprints, lip prints, etc. which are of paramount importance. Aim and Objectives: The present study aims to determine and investigate the percentage distribution and the association of lip print, right and left thumbprints, blood groups, and gender among the north Indian population. Materials and Methods: For the study, we enrolled 200 north Indian students aged between 18 years to 25 years as a subject after obtaining ethical clearance from the ethical committee. Written informed consent was obtained from the study subjects. A single calibrated trained interviewer described the purpose and process of the study to the participants and recorded lip print, thumbprint, and blood groups. The examination was done on a simple chair and in abundant daylight conditions. Results: Among the total of 200 north Indian students aged between 18 years to 25 years, lip print in various quadrants was compared with gender, blood groups, and thumbprints were compared, and interpretation was made. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the Reticular pattern was the most predominant lip print pattern followed by Intersected and Branched Patterns in both genders. B+ve blood group was predominant among subjects. Loop pattern was the most predominant thumbprint. There was a significant correlation between left and right thumbprints. The present study did not show any statistical correlation of lip print pattern with gender (P value 0.65), thumbprint pattern (P value 0.56), and ABO blood groups (P value 0.841). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the lip prints of Indian twins and non-twin siblings to evaluate the existence of heredity in the lip prints of these individuals. Materials and Methods: The study employed a blind, cross-sectional, quantitative approach with an inductive method and extensive direct observation. The sample consisted of 30 twins and 30 non-twin siblings, divided into three groups based on gender with 10 subjects in each subgroup. All participants were aged between 10 and 30 years and were instructed on the methods and techniques involved in the study. Results: The lip prints of participants were recorded using dark-colored lipstick, bond paper, cellophane tape, and a brush, and were examined for lip thickness measurement (in mm), classification of lip commissures, and assessment of groove patterns. The findings were then analyzed to determine the pattern of lip prints among twins and non-twin siblings. Conclusion: Cheiloscopy, the forensic investigation technique based on lip trace identification, could benefit from this study’s findings as it explores the existence of heredity in lip prints of Indian twins and non-twin siblings.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the lip prints of Indian twins and non‑twin siblings to evaluate the existence of heredity in the lip prints of these individuals. Materials and Methods: The study employed a blind, cross‑sectional, quantitative approach with an inductive method and extensive direct observation. The sample consisted of 30 twins and 30 non‑twin siblings, divided into three groups based on gender with 10 subjects in each subgroup. All participants were aged between 10 and 30 years and were instructed on the methods and techniques involved in the study. Results: The lip prints of participants were recorded using dark‑colored lipstick, bond paper, cellophane tape, and a brush, and were examined for lip thickness measurement (in mm), classification of lip commissures, and assessment of groove patterns. The findings were then analyzed to determine the pattern of lip prints among twins and non‑twin siblings. Conclusion: Cheiloscopy, the forensic investigation technique based on lip trace identification, could benefit from this study’s findings as it explores the existence of heredity in lip prints of Indian twins and non‑twin siblings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to gather evidence to clarify if cheiloscopy can be used in sex estimation and identify the reasons behind the lack of consensus in the scientific community. The systematic review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. A bibliographic survey was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, restricted to articles published between 2010 and 2020. Studies were selected according to eligibility criteria, and then the study data were collected. The risk of bias in each study was assessed and applied as additional inclusion or exclusion criteria. The results of the articles eligible for analysis were synthesized using a descriptive approach. In the 41 included studies, several methodological flaws and variations between studies that contribute to the discrepancy in results were identified. The data gathered allowed us to conclude that there is no strong scientific evidence to support the use of cheiloscopy in sex estimation, as there is no specific pattern for each sex, which reduces the criminalistic interest of cheiloscopy in estimating this parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheiloscopic examinations have long been conducted, and many scientists have reported the usefulness of cheiloscopy for personal identification with a characteristic and individual pattern of furrows on the vermilion lip. For almost 40 years, research conducted in Poland has determined the patterns of these furrows and the separation and development of their individual features. This was the basis for forming expert opinions and presenting them in court as evidence. In Poland, cheiloscopic expertise is performed and the results of precise procedures that are accredited and assessed serve as evidence. Although the legal system in Poland (continental system) is completely different from the American system, cheiloscopic expertise was also assessed in detail according to the American standards of evidence. This narrative review presents the problem of cheiloscopic expertise as a scientific and practical issue and provides a brief historical overview of this field and the foundations of the Polish cheiloscopic identification method. We conclude that Poland has sufficient historical background and a robust development of cheiloscopy in the field on a scientific and legal basis; however, due to its reports being in the Polish language, its absence from the most relevant specialized literature, or simply a lack of cooperation between countries and experts, the country has unfairly been left out of the discussion. We believe that a new look at the Polish contribution to lip print identification is necessary to reinsert this topic into the current discussion of a new identification paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Lip prints just like fingerprints follow unique patterns in every individual and are said to vary significantly even within the same family. Lip prints can be recognized from 6th week of intrauterine life and remain unchanged throughout their life. The objective of the present study was to evaluate personal identification through lip print patterns with additional reference to twins and members of the same family. Materials and Methods: Lips of 75 males, 75 females, and 30 twins were studied in various quadrants. In addition, the pattern in the middle 10 mm of the lower lip was also evaluated to note the pattern distribution and dominance of the type of pattern in different genders. Lip print patterns in five families across three generations (eight members each of the same family) were observed for the existence of inheritance of patterns from their ancestors. Results: Among males and females, the most common pattern in the middle 10 mm of the lower lip is Type III (34.66%) and Type IV (32%), respectively. In the middle 10 mm of the lower lip, 33.33% of twins have similar lip patterns but with differences in its arrangements. The result showed different lip print patterns even in twins and among the members of the same family across three generations, with some similar patterns which suggesting hereditary influences in lip prints. Conclusion: In the present, we can see that lip prints are unique and permanent for every human being even among twins and individuals of the same family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cheiloscopy (lip-print studies) is an important tool for the identification of human bodies in social and criminal issues. Lip prints present the labial mucosa with characteristic grooves and lines specific to every person. The purpose of this study was to analyze the lip prints among an adolescent sample of the Albanian population in Kosovo, to determine the most prevalent lip-print pattern in both genders, and to determine if there are any differences between male and female lip prints. Methods and Results: A total of 100 adolescents aged from 12 to 18 were randomly selected from schools in southeastern Kosovo. The lip prints were classified according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi's classification (1970). For the analysis, the lips were divided into four quadrants: right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, and left lower quadrant. The analysis was done using a magnifying glass. In the present study, the slightly prevalent lip-print pattern among all subjects was Type II (25.0%), followed by Type I (20.0%), Type III (17.0%), Type IV (16.0%), Type I′ (16.0%), and Type V (6.0%). The lip prints of Type IV were slightly more common in female subjects (24.0%), followed by Type II (20.0%), Type I (18.0%), Type III (18.0%), Type I′ (12.0%), and Type V (8.0%). Type II was slightly more common in male subjects (30.0%), followed by Type I (22.0%), Type I′ (20/0%), Type III (16.0%), Type IV (8.0%), and Type V (8.0%). However, some differences between the sexes, with a tendency toward the predominance of Type IV in women and Type II in men, were not statistically significant, and there was no significant difference between the lip patterns by quadrants in women and men.

Purpose: Lip prints are unique and have potential for use as a human identifier. The purpose of this study was to observe possible cheiloscopy differences of individuals with and without parafunctional oral habits such as smoking, vaping, playing a wind instrument or using an asthma inhaler. Methods: This IRB approved blinded cross‐sectional observation pilot study collected lip prints from 66 individuals, three of which were excluded. Participants cleansed their lips, then lipstick was applied to the vermillion zones of the upper and lower lips. Adhesive tape was applied to the lips and prints were transferred to white bond paper for viewing purposes. Each set of included lip prints was divided into quadrants and dichotomized into a group of those with an oral parafunctional habit or with no such habits. Each quadrant sample was then manually analysed and classed according to the gold standard Suzuki and Tsuchihashi system. Results: A total of 252 dichotomized lip print quadrants (with habits n = 76, 30.2%, and without habits n = 176, 69.8%) were analysed. Type II patterns were the most common for examined quadrant samples; however, no statistically significant differences (Pearson's chi‐squared test, p = 0.366) were observed between pattern classifications of samples with and without parafunctional oral habits. Conclusions: There is no statistically significant difference of lip print patterns between individuals with and without parafunctional oral habits. Further research on populational variations is needed for cheiloscopy to aid in human identifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Lip prints are unique and have potential for use as a human identifier. The purpose of this study was to observe possible cheiloscopy differences of individuals with and without parafunctional oral habits such as smoking, vaping, playing a wind instrument or using an asthma inhaler. Methods This IRB approved blinded cross-sectional observation pilot study collected lip prints from sixty-six individuals, three of which were excluded. Participants cleansed their lips, then lipstick was applied to the vermillion zones of the upper and lower lips. Adhesive tape was applied to the lips and prints were transferred to white bond paper for viewing purposes. Each set of included lip prints was divided into quadrants and dichotomized into a group of those with an oral parafunctional habit or with no such habits. Each quadrant sample was then manually analyzed and classed according to the gold standard Suzuki and Tsuchihashi system. Results A total of 252 dichotomized lip print quadrants (with habits n=76, 30.2%, and without habits n=176, 69.8%) were analyzed. Type II patterns were the most common for examined quadrant samples; however, no statistically significant differences (Pearson's chi-squared test, p=0.366) were observed between pattern classifications of samples with and without parafunctional oral habits. Conclusion There is no statistically significant difference of lip print patterns between individuals with and without parafunctional oral habits. Further research on populational variations is needed for cheiloscopy to aid in human identifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cheiloscopy is one of the investigative methods that utilises the anatomy and morphology of lips to identify individuals by their lip prints. Lip prints are a distinctive pattern made up of ridges and grooves on the labial mucosa, or sulci labiorum; cheiloscopy is the study of such patterns. Material and Methods: The study group comprised of 50 males and 50 females aged between 18 and 25 years in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU, Aligarh for a period of 1 year i.e., from August 2021 to September 2022. Results: Each individual lips were divided into 4 regions- upper right, upper left, lower right, and lower left and a total of 400 lip regions (100x4) were assessed for 6 types of lip groove patterns- Type I, Type I', Type II, Type III, Type IV, and Type V as per the Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification. The most common type of lip print pattern in males was Type III (32.5%) while in females it was Type II (36%). Conclusion: Lip prints are distinctive to each person and can be used to identify a person and ascertain their gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In criminal investigations and court cases, as well as in civil identification and civil litigation, forensic dentistry is essential. The analysis of lip prints is among the least invasive and cost effective way of human identification. Lip prints like blood groups can add as an adjunct in the investigations where in situations of mass disasters.The aim of the study was to assess and corelate lip pattern and blood groups in 100 study participants. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 participants, 50 male and 50 female were included in the study. The method followed was according to Costa and Caldas Technique, and the classification method followed was according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi Y et al. Result: Type 1 and Type 4 showed correlation with O positive blood group. Type III was seen with a predilection with B positive blood group. It was further observed that type 1 lip print type was seen more in males when compared to females. Females showed both Type 1 and Type 4 lip print. Discussion: The present study showed a trail of association with Type 1 and 4 in O positive blood group subjects. The Type 1 was seen in males and females, but females were more associated with Type 4 lip print. This study was in accordance with the results found by Kersarwani et al. in 2021. Conclusion: Though the present study showed no statistical significance it can be carried out with a larger sample size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of this study is to find out the difference in lip print pattern among live and dead individuals. Materials and Methods: A total number of 200 individuals (100 live and 100 dead individuals) were taken for the study. The live individuals were between 18-25 years of age and for dead individuals the lip prints were taken between 24-48 hours of death from the dead body. The lip prints from live individuals have been taken by traditional lipstick paper method described in the literature while for dead individuals it was taken by DIGITAL METHOD focussing camera on the lips. Results: The lip prints for live and dead individuals were studied by Suzuki & Tsuchihashi classification. In live individuals the lip patterns were Type I, I', II, III, IV and V while in dead subjects the same lip patterns of Type I, I', II, III, IV and V were found with significant difference. Conclusion: The study of lip prints for dead individuals has been for first time in the field of forensic odontology and this study is first of its kind in the academic literature. However, there is need for further study to be done in different parts of the world for different dead individuals lip print patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hereditary lip prints have been studied by several researchers. However, the literature shows no consensus among the scientific community regarding this topic. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to gather evidence to clarify whether the surface structure of lip prints is hereditary and, consequently, if a familial relationship between individuals can be established through the analysis of lip prints. The systematic review was performed following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A bibliographic survey was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, restricted to articles published between 2010 and 2020. Studies were selected according to eligibility criteria, and then the study data were collected. The risk of bias of each study was assessed and applied as additional inclusion or exclusion criteria. The results of the articles eligible for analysis were synthesized by a descriptive approach. In the seven included studies, methodological variations, including the definition of similarity, that contribute to the heterogeneity of results were identified. The data gathered allowed to conclude that there is no strong scientific evidence to support the hypothesis of the existence of heredity in the surface structure of lip prints, since it was not proven that similarities between parents and children occur systematically in all families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The knowledge and importance of blood groups emerged from transfusion medicine and its relation with certain malignancies has been proven. Its importance in forensic medicine was brought to light when its association was found with the distribution of finger patterns. Thus, few studies exist proving the relationship between dactyloscopy and blood groups. Cheiloscopy on other hand is the study of the irregularities present on the lips forming a unique arrangement called the prints of the lip. Aim: Our paper aims at elucidating any unique combination if any that exists between prints on lips, prints of fingers, and blood grouping in a specific population, which might help in the identification of an individual. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 subjects of age varying from 15 to 40 years were included in the study. Subjects comprised of 50 males and 50 females. All the subjects were examined and their prints of lips along with prints of their fingers were taken. Blood groups were determined for each patient using the ABO system. Results: Type I was found to be the predominant pattern of lips and whorl arrangement was the most recorded type of fingerprint in males whereas Type II arrangement along with loop prints of fingers was most observed in the case of females. The most common blood group in males was B+ and in females was O+ . Correlation between three parameters was obtained by Pearson correlation statistical analysis. Conclusion: The prints of the lips and fingers of an individual have never been similar and they tend to remain the same from a person's birth until his death. An association between the three things of an individual that is prints of lips, fingers, and his blood group has been tried to be elucidated through the present research to aid in forensic identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: A probable association between dermatoglyphics and malocclusions related to skeletal discrepancy may exist as dermal ridges, and craniofacial structures develop from the same embryonic tissues during the same embryonic period. The study aims to assess and correlate the pattern of fingerprints, lip prints, and palatal rugae in individuals with malocclusions related to skeletal discrepancy. Materials and Methods: The 180 samples collected in the study were divided into 3 groups based on cephalometric analysis into class I, II, and III malocclusion. The fingerprints, lip prints, and palatal rugae patterns were obtained for each participant and pattern analysis was done. Results: Class I malocclusion with no skeletal discrepancy showed a statistically significant difference in the loop fingerprint patterns on all fingers except the first finger on the right and left hand, branched lip pattern, and straight palatal rugae pattern in primary rugae 1 and 4. Class II malocclusion related to skeletal discrepancy showed a statistically significant difference in the loop pattern on all fingers except in the fourth finger of the right hand which showed a whorl pattern, branched lip pattern, and straight palatal rugae pattern in primary rugae 1, 4, and 5. Class III malocclusion related to skeletal discrepancy showed a statistically significant difference in the loop pattern on all fingers except in the fourth finger of the right hand which showed an absence of arch pattern, vertical lip print pattern, and straight palatal rugae pattern in primary rugae 1. Conclusion: Dermatoglyphics analysis can be used to indicate developing malocclusions related to skeletal discrepancies. at an early age, thereby aiding the development of treatment aiming to establish favorable occlusion. Prospective and various ethnic and racial-based studies would be valuable for the establishment of dermatoglyphic markers of malocclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The knowledge and importance of blood groups emerged from transfusion medicine and its relation with certain malignancies has been proven. Its importance in forensic medicine was brought to light when its association was found with the distribution of finger patterns. Thus, few studies exist proving the relationship between dactyloscopy and blood groups. Cheiloscopy on other hand is the study of the irregularities present on the lips forming a unique arrangement called the prints of the lip. Aim: Our paper aims at elucidating any unique combination if any that exists between prints on lips, prints of fingers, and blood grouping in a specific population, which might help in the identification of an individual. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 subjects of age varying from 15 to 40 years were included in the study. Subjects comprised of 50 males and 50 females. All the subjects were examined and their prints of lips along with prints of their fingers were taken. Blood groups were determined for each patient using the ABO system. Results: Type I was found to be the predominant pattern of lips and whorl arrangement was the most recorded type of fingerprint in males whereas Type II arrangement along with loop prints of fingers was most observed in the case of females. The most common blood group in males was B+ and in females was O+ . Correlation between three parameters was obtained by Pearson correlation statistical analysis. Conclusion: The prints of the lips and fingers of an individual have never been similar and they tend to remain the same from a person's birth until his death. An association between the three things of an individual that is prints of lips, fingers, and his blood group has been tried to be elucidated through the present research to aid in forensic identification.

Lip traces and teeth marks can play an important role in identifying people, as forensic sciences based on new technologies are constantly evolving. As for lips, the pattern of wrinkles on them has individual characteristics like fingerprints, so lip print studies have come to attract the attention of scientists as a new tool for human identification. Coming into contact with the body or clothing of other people, with smoking items and various kitchen utensils, the lips, through cosmetic deposits, saliva deposits and food, form traces that are suitable for use in criminal investigation activity. Scientific research undertaken by specialists in the field demonstrates that lip traces can reproduce characteristic elements of shape, size and relief (disposition of the papillae, the vertical groove of the upper lip, and the dimple of the lower lip) which, under certain conditions, can ensure the identification of the author. In their turn, teeth marks have an important value in identifying people, they can be found especially in the case of crimes of violence, rape, robbery (both on the body of the victim and the aggressor), but also in the case of other non-violent crimes, when such traces are left on the crime scene in various bitten food products (cheeses, fruits, such as apples, pears, etc.), capable of delicately preserving the details of the teeth pattern. In both cases, through this study we aimed to highlight the most important aspects related to the forensic research of lip traces and teeth marks, their expertise, as well as the limits and challenges related to the probative value of the expertise carried out in the case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latent fingerprints (LFPs) are one among the most important types of evidences at crime scenes because of the distinctiveness and tenacity of the friction ridges in fingerprints (FPs). Therefore, it is essential in forensic science to develop a reliable method to detect LFPs. Traditional detection methods still face a number of difficulties, such as limited sensitivity, low contrast, strong background, and complex processing stages. In this study, MgO‐ZrO2:Tb3+ (1–5 mol%) (MZ:Tb) nanocomposites (NCs) were prepared via a simple solution combustion (SC) method at low temperature. The photoluminescence (PL) investigation demonstrates that when excited at 379 nm, the produced NCs emits distinctive emission peaks of terbium ions (Tb3+). According to the photometric results, the NCs can be employed as warm light NCs and emit light in the green portion of the colour spectrum. The estimated optical band gap from diffuse reflectance spectra is found to be in the range 4.84–4.97 eV. Regardless of the type of surface being used, the optimized MgO‐ZrO2:Tb3+ (4 mol%) (MZ:4Tb) NCs has a strong ability to minimize background fluorescence interference. With high contrast LFP and I–V type of cheiloscopy, these NCs present a flexible fluorescent mark for the identification of levels 1–3 details in forensic investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheiloscopy may not be as well-known as other techniques of identification, such as fingerprint or DNA analysis, but it has its own impact in the appropriate circumstances. Cheiloscopy has been recognized as an important tool for human identification. A manual approach of studying lip prints was utilised by many researchers (magnifying glasses). Nonetheless, the current study relied solely on a mobile phone camera to visually capture lip prints for sex determination. 377 samples of lip prints were analysed with Adobe Photoshop software and classified into six different types of lip print patterns, according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classifications. Lip prints were divided into six sections including upper left, upper middle, upper right, lower left, lower middle and lower right. Pearson's Chi-square test revealed significant differences between male and female lip prints (p < 0.05) among the Malaysian Malay population of the Klang Valley, with Type V (irregular pattern) lip prints being the most prevalent. In comparison to magnifying glasses, our studies proved the ability to record and examine lip prints utilising a digital approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:Human identification plays a vital role in crime investigation. Lip impressions are one of the evidences that may be left at crime scenes, which aid in the precise documentation process. The objectives of the current systematic review and meta-analysis (CMA) are to provide a deeper understanding of the use of cheiloscopy as a reliable method in sex identification and to establish the predominant lip print pattern found among different genders using the classification proposed by Suzuki and Tsuchihashi. Study Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis Result:The most likely lip print present among males in the selected studies was type III (30.2%), followed by type II (29.9%), and type I comprised one-fifth of the sample size (21.1%). While among females, almost one-third were reported with type I lip print pattern (36.5%), followed by type II (28.9%). Furthermore, the results showed that the rate of type IV lip print pattern was similar between males and females (18.3% and 13.4%, respectively; P<0.059). Conclusion: Along with the other traditional methods of human identification, this study proved the distinctiveness of lip print (cheiloscopy) as an adjuvant tool for human identification and sex determination and no identically similar lip-print patterns appeared in two subjects. Further studies with larger sample sizes, different methodologies of assessing lip print are needed to confirm the current findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A series of single-phase Dy3+ activated Sr 9 Al 6 O 18 nanophosphors are synthesized via solution combustion route using urea as fuel. • The photoluminescence spectra of phosphors excited at 350 nm show intense emissions at 484 nm and 574 nm, corresponding to the 4F 9/2 →6H 15/2 and 4F 9/2 →6H 13/2 transitions. • Internal quantum efficiency (I QE) of 66.14 %, the optimized phosphor achieves remarkable relative sensitivity (S r) and absolute sensitivity (S a) are estimated to be 2.65 % K−1 and 1.38×10-3 K−1 at 300 K. • Latent fingerprints and latent lip prints can be efficiently produced on a variety of surfaces by using the optimized nanophosphors via simple powder dusting method. • The YoLOv8x approach analyses the overall morphological correlations of different minutiae to identify essential minutiae that indicate the identities of people from FPs. A novel single-phase Dy3+ activated Sr 9 Al 6 O 18 nanophosphors (NPs) was synthesized using a solution combustion method with urea as the fuel. When phosphors are excited at 350 nm, their photoluminescence (PL) spectra exhibit strong emissions at 484 and 574 nm, which are associated with the 4F 9/2 →6H 15/2 and 4F 9/2 →6H 13/2 transitions. These emissions are attributed to magnetic and electric dipole allowed transitions, correspondingly. It is found that dipole–dipole interactions are the main source of concentration quenching and energy transfer among the activator ions. The prepared NPs show thermal stability up to 480 K having an activation energy (E a) of 0.2437 eV, as determined by temperature-dependent photoluminescence (TDPL). With a remarkable internal quantum efficiency (I QE) of 66.14 %, the optimized phosphor achieves notable relative sensitivity (S r) and absolute sensitivity (S a), estimated to be 2.65 % K−1 and 1.38×10−3 K−1 at 300 K, respectively. Thus, Sr 9 Al 6 O 18 :Dy3+ is a promising material for non-contact optical thermometry applications. Latent fingerprints (LFPs) and latent lip prints (LLPs) can be efficiently produced on a variety of surfaces by using the optimized NPs with the simple powder dusting technique. The prints are made visible under UV light with a 365 nm wavelength. The You Only Look Once version 8 (YOLOv8x) approach analyzes the overall morphological correlations of different minutiae to identify essential minutiae that indicate the identities of people from FPs. Splitting and matching multi-scale fingerprints (FPs) features improves the validity of the authenticating findings. The results show that the recommended method, which improves the entire FP authentication process, offers exceptional accuracy, resilience and speed. The findings provide strong support for the implementation of the optimized NPs in photonic devices, optical thermometers, and advanced forensic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the synthesis of V 2 O 5 :Eu3+ phosphors in concentrations ranging from 1 to 9 mol %, using a solution combustion method with Areca Nut (A.N) as a bio-fuel. The samples exhibit an orthorhombic crystal structure, confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and rod-like morphology as shown by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Photoluminescence (PL) studies reveal that the emission intensity of the 5D 0 →7F 2 transition at 619 nm increases with the Eu3+ concentration up to 5 mol %, where it peaks before quenching due to quadruple-quadruple interactions, according to the Van Uitert relation. To improve luminescence, Li+ ions are added, with the V 2 O 5 :5Eu3+ co-doped with 4Li+ (V 2 O 5 :5Eu3+, 4Li+) ions showing the highest PL intensity, about 5.03 times higher than that of Eu3+ alone. This optimized phosphor has Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of (0.6022, 0.3963), closely matching commercial red-emitting phosphors and demonstrating a colour purity (CP) of 88.69 %. Thermal stability assessments indicate that these phosphors have a high activation energy (E a) of about 0.224 eV, signifying robust thermal properties. The optimized V 2 O 5 :5Eu3+, 4Li+ phosphors efficiently reveal level I–III features in latent fingerprints (LFPs) and accurately identify lip prints (LPs) groove patterns of type I–VI under 365 nm UV light, providing high resolution and contrast. These characteristics make the optimized phosphor an excellent candidate for use in photonic devices, advanced forensic and data security applications. [Display omitted] • (1–9 mol %) Eu3+ doped V 2 O 5 and (1–5 mol %) Li+ co-doped V 2 O 5 :5Eu3+ phosphors are prepared using solution combustion method. • V 2 O 5 :5Eu3+, 4Li + phosphors showed 5.03 folds greater emission intensity compare to V 2 O 5 :5Eu3+ NPs. • The optimized phosphors demonstrate the highest photoluminescence colour purity (88.69 %). • Thermal stability studies reveal that V 2 O 5 :5Eu3+,4Li+ phosphors exhibit robust thermal properties, characterized by a high activation energy of approximately 0.224 eV. • V 2 O 5 :5Eu3+, 4Li+ phosphors was explored as a red phosphor for w-LED applications, Latent fingerprint, lip print and anti-counterfeiting applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Identification of human beings forms the basis of any criminal investigation. Lip print study, also known as cheiloscopy is the study of patterns formed by the ridges and grooves on the external surface of lips. This study aims to classify lip prints and study its correlation to sex. Methodology: 205 student participants who volunteered were included in this study of which females were 123 and males were 82. A food safe pigment was applied to the lips. Over this pigment, the glued portion of the cellophane tape strip was placed and the subject was asked to make a lip impression in the normal rest position of the lips by dabbing it in the centre first and then pressing it uniformly toward the corners of the lips. The cellophane strip was then stuck to the white chart paper for permanent record purpose, then visualized by magnifying lens and analysed quadrant wise. Conclusion The most common lip print in the upper lip was found to be type 3 and in the lower lip was found to be type 4. Statistically significant difference with respect to sex was observed in first quadrant only (p = 0.01) and not in others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The concept of lip prints is clear from previous literature review that this evidence can be used for forensic purpose. While accepting that a body of data existed regarding the individuality of lip pattern, there is no credible research on the stability of the lip detail over time. The timescale in question could be measured in weeks and months or years. The former would be used in police investigations and the latter can be used by geneticist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The wrinkles and grooves present on the sulci labiorum of human lips form characteristic patterns. As previous authors claimed, these can be used for personal identification in forensic cases because they are unique, permanent, and classifiable. Many scientists had devised different systems to classify the lip prints (Suzuki and Tsuchihashi, Martin Santos, Renaud, Afchar Bayar, and Jose Maria Dominguez). These systems were based solely on the shape of patterns present on the whole lip. However, sometimes, lip prints affected by either habitual smoking or any other pathological conditions are encountered. The investigator may have to form an opinion on partial lip print to identify the culprit. Therefore, in the present study, an alternative comprehensive system to classify even the partial prints has been proposed. Lip print samples were collected from 500 individuals (400 females and 100 males, respectively) using the tape lifting method. The whole lip print (Klein’s zone) was divided into 10 quadrants (five each on upper and lower lips) to study the whole pattern area thoroughly. The sample-wise and quadrant-wise frequency of all the patterns was statistically calculated. Sexual dimorphism of the lip print patterns was also assessed statistically. Results The method used emphasizes the consistency of patterns, which have been divided into Basic and Combination Patterns. Detailed examination of lip prints revealed that all the quadrants tend to have 7 types of Basic Patterns and 43 types of Combination Patterns despite similar appearance. These patterns can be further categorized into various subtypes based on the direction and orientation of wrinkle lines constituting the original pattern. Most of the Basic and Combination Patterns were widely distributed in all the analysed lip print samples and showed significant dependence on the sex of the subject. Conclusions The lip print patterns examined in the present study can be useful as an alternative to the existing systems to classify even partial lip marks recovered at the crime scene.

Introduction: India is one of the largest countries which is inhabited by diverse populations of different tribes, castes, religious, and migrant groups. In forensic investigation, personal identification plays the greatest importance. Lip prints are considered as one such tool for personal identification. Study of lip prints is referred to as cheiloscopy and they are considered as unique in every individual just like fingerprints. Materials and Methods: Three hundred randomly selected specimens were taken in our study comprising of both the genders and of various regions from Odisha, West Bengal (WB) and Bihar was considered in the study. The age selected in our study ranged from 18 to 25 years comprising of 151 males and 149 females. Lip impression was made and viewed for different lip prints pattern under a magnifying glass of 10X. Results: There was a total of six lip print type identified in the present study. The type of lip print pattern found more in males was Type 2 and in females was Type 1. The type of lip print pattern found more in Bihar and WB was Type 2 and Odisha was Type 1. Conclusion: As the lip print is unique for every individual, Cheiloscopy is considered as a useful method of identification in forensic odontology. The study showed statistically significant difference in gender with a variation in geographical location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cheiloscopy is the forensic investigation method of utilizing lip prints for personal identification. It has been proved that lip prints are unique for each individual and can be of use in criminal investigation. Latent lip print can be seen on surface such as glass, cigarette butt etc. Many studies have shown a number of ways to develop latent lip prints using fingerprint powder, Sudan III, Oil Red O etc. Aim: The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy of three different materials to develop latent lip print -- Fullers Earth (Multani Mitti), Indigo and Vermillion (Sindoor) and to see under the stereo microscope. Material and Methods: A total of 60 individuals belonging to the age group of 18-34 years were included in this study. Latent lip prints of lower lip were recorded and consequently developed by Indigo blue, Vermillion and Fullers earth. Subsequently a standard lipstick print was taken from the same subject and compared. Subjects having lip deformity, active lesions and surgical scars were excluded from the study. Each sample was assessed and graded according to Renauds classification. Results: Lip prints were analysed and compared for efficacy of reagent. Statistical analysis showed significant results between vermillion and indigo blue, and between indigo blue and fuller's earth. However no statistically significant result was observed between indigo blue and fuller's earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: "Cheiloscopy" deals with the identification of humans based on lip traces or prints. The patterns of lip prints are unique for every individual and do not change with time and can be used for the purpose of forensic investigations. Material and Methods: The sample size of 200 (100 males and 100 females) aged 18years and above have valid identification proof. Lip prints were collected and analyzed as per Suzuki's classification. Result: Partial length groove running vertically across the lip (Type I') is the most common (28.5%) lip print that is seen in the whole lip of the New Delhi population in visible lip prints. Conclusion: The study was conducted with the aim to determine the most common lip print pattern on the whole lip. According to the findings, each individual's lip print is unique, and the lip print pattern can be utilized as an additional means of identification of an individual. This paper reviews that lip prints have no racial differences and thus cannot be used for population identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: People possess distinctive individual characteristics that help in the identification and elimination of evidence during a crime scene reconstruction. This is a study that focuses on the reviews regarding particular aspects of odontological and facial recognition systems influenced by the integrity of forensic science and related studies. Forensic Odontology is the permissible application of odontological studies which include studies about teeth, gums, palatals, and lips. It is a branch of forensic science that deals with the standard collection and examination of dental marks and the appropriate assessment and demonstration of this evidence as a form of an expert witness in court. Under odontology, there are variance sequences of sub-topics that have been discussed so far including Cheiloscopy, Rugoscopy, and Dentistry. Moreover, this paper also discusses molecular biology and facial forensics which are evenly contributed to odontology. The essential uses of forensic odontology in the determination of human remains are grounded upon the exceptional features that prevail in the teeth of different individuals. This plays a vital role in the documentation of human remains in manifestations such as tidal waves, earthquakes, landslides, explosions, etc. Materials and Methods: We surveyed to understand the awareness among the public regarding crimes and forensics. The response was created from the google sheet circulated and it showed that there are still few gaps between the people and the field of crime investigation using these varied methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess for any peculiar lip prints in relation to the lip shapes of individual, and determine the most common lip print type among the members of biological families. Study Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Women Medical & Dental College, Abbottabad. Period: January 2018 to June 2018. Material & Methods: A total of 216 individuals (father, mother, both children's), who underwent descriptive study of lip impression collection without any anesthesia or drug, were enrolled into the present study. Father, mother and two babies of each family were selected. Lip prints of Father, mother and both babies of each family were recorded. Each lip of 54 offspring's was compared with the corresponding lip of his/her father mother and other baby. The segments of each lip of the offspring's that matched/ resembled with either of father mother and biological babies were recorded. Results: Out of 54-total families, biological babies of 19(35.18%) families observed resemblance with father, whereas biological babies of 35(64.81%) families observed resemblance with mother. There was no definite identical lip print observed in any of the children. Furthermore, the prevalence of Type II lip prints was higher type present in males and in females. We observed that lip shape 7 was the most frequent lip shape type in most of individuals. Conclusion: Lip prints of study participants did not clearly match with each other, evenly distributed in both genders and distinctive similar to finger prints. The data did not show any specific association of the lip print type with lip shape. It is considered feasible to apply lip prints features in personal identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lip print (LP) evidence can be an essential tool for human forensics. LPs have conventionally been developed using substances such as lysochrome dyes, fluorescent dyes, indigo dye, aluminium powder, and silver metallic powder. However, techniques for LP enhancement from various substrates are currently inconsistent and lack standardisation in practice. This review summarises current knowledge on the physical and chemical techniques of LP enhancement, identifies limitations, and provides suggestions for future research on practical applications of cheiloscopy as a forensic tool in criminal justice. The grooves and wrinkles of the human lip establish unique patterns that persist throughout life. Cheiloscopic patterns exhibit discriminatory individual characteristics that may constitute circumstantial forensic evidence. Enhancement techniques for latent lip prints on porous and nonporous substrates can be classified as physical or chemical. Unlike fingerprint, there is a current lack of consistency and/or standardisation on latent lip print enhancement methods in frontline forensic practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lip grooves are unchangeable, permanent and unique to one person and they play a huge role as a marker of sagital jaw relation and gender differentiation. Identification of people is often very difficult, challenging and time-consuming process. The most used techniques in identification processes are DNA comparison, fingerprints and odontometrics measurements. However DNA is very expensive and cannot be used for everyone. Hence fingerprints sometimes in burns also cannot be conducted because of severe decomposition. Sometimes is necessary to apply different and less known techniques. Lip grooves are nonusual, simple, reliable, cost – effective, noninvasive techniques that can be used successfully in human identification. This article reviews different conclusions of authors who researched about these topics. The aim of the study is to establish identity of population of South-East Kosovo, selected among schools of this region, 14 to18 year old, divided equally between girls and boys, using Cheiloscopy. Material and methods: The study involves 17 adolescents of South-East of Kosovo selected among schools of this region, 14- to 18-year-old. All participants are well informed for the purpose of the study and signed an informed consent prepared before the examination. Lip prints are recorded using red lip stick. Materials that are being used are: White paper A4 size white paper, Cellophane tape (10 cm long), Graphite pencil (AIHAO 0.7 mm), Dark red color lipstick, nonglossy (pretty by flormar), Magnifying lens, Scissors. The lipstick is applied with cotton wools gently into the lips and spread over, evenly in upper and lower lip. The lip prints are taken with cellophane tape in the relaxed position of lips. Then the lip prints are immediately stocked on to a piece of white bond paper for further analyses, by using magnifying lens. Also, the thickness and length of the lips will be measured separately for the upper lip and for the lower lip with standard Vernier caliper (0-150 mm) Results: The predominant lip pattern in both genders is Type II lip pattern followed by type I. The most predominant lip pattern among males is type I and II, and Type II & IV lip pattern among females. Conclusion: Cheiloscopy reveals strong association with sagital skeletal jaw relation, thus predicting malocclusions that could be managed early with preventive and interceptive orthodontics. Cheiloscopy also has the role in identification of people in forensic medicine, because identification of human bodies sometimes is very challenging task. When DNA and fingerprints in several circumstances could not be done, lip prints could be considered as an alternative source for identification, because of their highly unique structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The human lip holds a considerable variation in the groove pattern and have been used as a tool for identification as commonly found on many surfaces (cups, glasses, cigarette butts, etc.). This study was done to identify the pattern among the population and also to evaluate the relevance of the impression left on different surfaces with the standard lip prints using superimposition technique by Adobe Photoshop 7.0. Material and Methods: The present study is comprised of 100 subjects of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh between 18-30 years. Results: The predominant lip print patterns in male subjects are (TYPE I') followed by (TYPE III) whereas in female subjects, it is (TYPE II) and (TYPE I') and (TYPE V) is the least and rarely found in both of the male/female samples also white clay cups had shown highest percentage of matching with first attempt prints, while steel tumblers had the lowest. Similarly the results were observed during the second attempt. Conclusion: The present study showed that the lip prints have a great potential to be used as an added measure in sex determination. Further more lip prints found on white clay cups were most suitable for super imposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The wrinkles and grooves visible on the lips form the characteristic pattern of an individual and imprints produced is termed as "lip print." The study of these prints is known as "cheiloscopy." Variations in patterns among males and females could help in sex determination. Lip prints, therefore, can constitute material evidence left at a crime spot, equivalent to fingerprints. These patterns are heritable and are believed to be unique and permanent. The lip prints of parents and children and those of siblings have been shown to have some similarities. The influence of inherited lip print patterns among family members is still a new concept and studies are scanty in literature. Objectives: The objectives are to determine the most common patterns and gender-wise distribution among the study population and to analyze the inherited lip print patterns from parents to their offspring. Materials and Methods: Lip prints of 30 families were obtained using lipstick and cellophane tape. Based on criteria given by Suzuki and Tsuchihashi, patterns were recorded and analyzed from four quadrants of the lips using a magnifying lens. Results: The positive resemblance of lip print patterns from parents to their offsprings showed statistically significant resemblance in one quadrant and rest of the three quadrants showed no significant association between parents and offspring. Conclusion: Positive resemblance among the family members can be attributed to the genetics and inheritance. Lip print can be considered as an auxiliary method of identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lip print (LP) evidence can be an essential tool for human forensics. LPs have conventionally been developed using substances such as lysochrome dyes, fluorescent dyes, indigo dye, aluminium powder, and silver metallic powder. However, techniques for LP enhancement from various substrates are currently inconsistent and lack standardisation in practice. This review summarises current knowledge on the physical and chemical techniques of LP enhancement, identifies limitations, and provides suggestions for future research on practical applications of cheiloscopy as a forensic tool in criminal justice.Key points The grooves and wrinkles of the human lip establish unique patterns that persist throughout life. Cheiloscopic patterns exhibit discriminatory individual characteristics that may constitute circumstantial forensic evidence. Enhancement techniques for latent lip prints on porous and nonporous substrates can be classified as physical or chemical. Unlike fingerprint, there is a current lack of consistency and/or standardisation on latent lip print enhancement methods in frontline forensic practice.

Background: The most crucial evidence that is left behind at the crime scenarios that might narrow down the suspect pool are lip prints and fingerprints. These are undoubtedly the most reliable and valuable evidence till date in the court of law. One more biological record that remains unchanged throughout the lifespan of a person is the blood group. Aim and Objectives: To study, correlate and compare cheiloscopy and dactyloscopy with blood group among dental students in the Western Maharashtra population. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 dental students with age groups ranging between 18–25 years were included in the study. Lip print pattern, fingerprint pattern and ABO blood groups were collected and compared. SPSS version 20.0 was used to analyse the data. Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between lip prints and ABO – Rh (χ2 37.56, P < 0.05) as well as between fingerprints and ABO-Rh blood groups (χ2 30.6, P < 0.05).Conclusion: Hence, this study concluded that fingerprints–ABO blood group and lip prints–ABO blood groups are valuable evidence that can be relied upon in forensic investigations for the identification of the suspect in crime.

Background: Lip prints are seen to remain the same for an individual throughout his/her life. Cheiloscopy can be used as an effective tool in the identification of the persons from pieces of evidence that may be left behind from lip prints. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the current research was to evaluate the predominant lip groove pattern among Calicut population, Kerala. Materials and Methods: The study involved 2112 individuals (1056 males and 1056 females) in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KMCT Dental College, Calicut, Kerala. Lipstick was used to record the lip groove patterns and the patterns were visualized by magnifying lens after the institutional ethical clearance and informed consent from the individual. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software 22.0. Results: Among the study population, Type 1', Type 1, Type 4, and Type 5 were found to be common lip groove patterns. Males showed predominance on Type 1' and Type 1 lip groove patterns, whereas females showed predominance on Type 4 and Type 5 lip groove patterns. The results were similar when analyzed on upper and lower lips separately on males and females. Conclusion: Cheiloscopy is a reliable tool in personal identification and gender determination of an individual. The geographical prevalence of lip groove patterns was reported in the current research and is added to the database of the anthropological data. Studies in different geographical regions will add lip groove patterns on the database in the future and henceforth the potential of cheiloscopy could be further utilized.

Background and Aims: The oral cavity allows for a numerous prospects for personal identification of subjects. Dental profiling, palatoscopy, cheiloscopy had enabled in nailing the suspects in addition to traditional methods like anthropometry, finger prints, blood groups, DNA analysis. The aim of this study is to assess the reliability of digitized lip prints, finger prints and combination approach in gender determination in Panchkula population. Method: A total of 500 healthy subjects, (250 females and 250 males) aged 20 to 30 years of both genders were recruited and evaluated. Lip prints were obtained by painting lip stick and using cellotape to take the impression, while finger prints were obtained by fingerprint rolling technique. Scanned images of the obtained lip and finger prints were analyzed according to Suzuki K and Tsuchihashi Y and classification by Cummins and Midlo, respectively, using applications of 'Adobe Photoshop 7' software. Results: Finger print analysis correctly classified gender in 52.6%, but was not statistically significant (Canonical correlation = 0.117, P = 0.230) Lip print analysis correctly identified gender in 64.8% and was statistically significant (Canonical correlation = 0.350,P < 0.001). When a combination approach was used, the gender was correctly identified in 65.8% and was statistically significant (Canonical correlation = 0.369,P < 0.001). Conclusion: Although not a 100% accurate method, the combination method was found to be more accurate and thus can be used as a supplementary tool in sex determination.

Background: The wrinkles and grooves present on the sulci labiorum of human lips form characteristic patterns. As previous authors claimed, these can be used for personal identification in forensic cases because they are unique, permanent, and classifiable. Many scientists had devised different systems to classify the lip prints (Suzuki and Tsuchihashi, Martin Santos, Renaud, Afchar Bayar, and Jose Maria Dominguez). These systems were based solely on the shape of patterns present on the whole lip. However, sometimes, lip prints affected by either habitual smoking or any other pathological conditions are encountered. The investigator may have to form an opinion on partial lip print to identify the culprit. Therefore, in the present study, an alternative comprehensive system to classify even the partial prints has been proposed. Lip print samples were collected from 500 individuals (400 females and 100 males, respectively) using the tape lifting method. The whole lip print (Klein's zone) was divided into 10 quadrants (five each on upper and lower lips) to study the whole pattern area thoroughly. The sample-wise and quadrant-wise frequency of all the patterns was statistically calculated. Sexual dimorphism of the lip print patterns was also assessed statistically. Results: The method used emphasizes the consistency of patterns, which have been divided into Basic and Combination Patterns. Detailed examination of lip prints revealed that all the quadrants tend to have 7 types of Basic Patterns and 43 types of Combination Patterns despite similar appearance. These patterns can be further categorized into various subtypes based on the direction and orientation of wrinkle lines constituting the original pattern. Most of the Basic and Combination Patterns were widely distributed in all the analysed lip print samples and showed significant dependence on the sex of the subject. Conclusions: The lip print patterns examined in the present study can be useful as an alternative to the existing systems to classify even partial lip marks recovered at the crime scene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The robust nature of teeth and their ability to resist destruction, make them indispensable evidence in cases where human identification by a scientific method is required. Forensic odontology is the branch of dentistry that combines knowledge of teeth and oral and maxillofacial region of a dentist with the legal system. Dental identification has proven to be a boon in disaster victim identification. Besides teeth, an odontologist can also help identify unknown domains from other features such as the palatal rugae, lip prints, frontal sinus, etc. Forensic Odontology can also assist in the biological profiling of human remains by sex determination, age assessment, racial profiling, and information about habits or pathologies from dental traits. Dental age estimation is a crucial part of the age estimation process in the medico-legal system. Research has shown that dental age estimation by studying mineralization and development of teeth in children and young adults can be fairly accurate and supplement skeletal age assessment. Biological profiling is required to be done for reconstructive identification by forensic facial reconstruction, especially in cold cases. Equipped with the expertise of dental structures, oral and maxillofacial region, overall skull anthropology, forensic odontology can contribute towards the identification of skeletonized, decomposed, or mutilated remains especially in cold cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim The present study was conducted to assess gender identification and this can be used as a reliable tool in the identification of an individual at any judicial process. Materials and Methods This study comprised of 82 dental students (42 females and 40 males) with age ranging from 19 to 21 years. Lip prints were recorded with the help of a cellophane tape strip and analysed according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification criteria. Results The mean age distribution among males was 20.07 ± 0.81 where as in females it was 19.78 ± 0.73. Distribution of different patterns in upper lip vertical patterns was very prominent when compared with reticular, branched and intersecting. Distribution of different patterns in lower lip branched patterns was very prominent when compared with reticular and verticals. Comparing between upper lip with lower lip pattern wise there was no statistically significant. Compared different patterns in relation with lower lip the values showing stastically significant (p≤0.05). Summary and Conclusions Lip prints or Cheiloscopy can be used an individual identification. The results obtained in our study do not show any evidence that cheiloscopy can be used as gender identification. This could be because of smaller sample size, we need larger sample to give consolidated evidence related with gender identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheiloscopy is the analysis of the lip prints, grooves, thicknesses, angles, and other structures of the lips that differentiate each individual in a similar way to biometrics. This study aimed to observe these lips characteristics and to verify if there is a labial pattern among the students of the UFVJM Dentistry course of that distinguishes them in genders. Fifty students were selected, photographed, and had their samples collected by printing their lips on transparent tape with wine 01 lipstick, evenly distributed with the aid of a flexible rod and attached on white paperboard and later classified for obtaining the data required for statistical analysis. When analyzing lip thickness, it was found that most of the students had thick lips - 78%, whereas regarding the position of the labial commissure, 50% of the students presented horizontal disposition. Through the classification system of Suzuki and Tsuchihashi the types of furrows were classified, type II being the most common in this research. Despite the evidence that, among the volunteering students, female lips are thinner than male lips, there were no statistically significant differences between men and women. However, there is a need for more studies that seek to validate and disseminate this technique in a standardized way so that it is a complementary tool in Forensic Dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cheiloscopy is the identification of humans based on lips traces used as a forensic investigation technique. Lip prints can be used as a reliable forensic tool, considering the consistency of lip prints over time and the accurate correlation of indirect prints to direct prints. Aims & Objective: The aim of this survey is to identify the awareness and knowledge of cheiloscopy among dental students. Materials and Methods: The cross sectional survey was done among 100 dental students in Chennai city after obtaining their informed consent. The survey instrument was a self designed questionnaire with 13 questions eliciting information about demographics of the participants and knowledge and awareness regarding Cheiloscopy. The questions were sent through a link which was passed around online through survey planet. The responses were collected, tabulated and analysed. Observation & Results: 94% of the students were aware of cheiloscopy. 75% of the students were not aware of the Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification of lip prints. 84% of the population were aware of the obligations of cheiloscopy. 63% were aware that lip prints were subjective to change. 74% were aware of latent lip prints. Conclusion: This study concluded the awareness and knowledge about cheiloscopy was adequate among the dental students. However more rigorous continuing education programs can greatly enhance the knowledge about the forensic applications of cheiloscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A latent lip print can be important evidence, and specific substances are needed for the development of a latent lip print. However, collecting the lip print may difficult due to people who have sensitive skin with lipsticks and almost men who do not wear lipstick. Moreover, the enhancement methods of latent lip print are still lack of standardization and consistency. Aim: To develop a new staining method for the study of the lip print patterns Thai population. Method: The latent lip prints were collected from 24 males and 24 females. The ability of Roselle extract was investigated for developing latent lip prints on cigarette paper. The developed lip print was used for the morphological pattern analysis using Suzuki and Tsuchihashi’s classification criteria combined with Autodesk SketchBook. Result: The results revealed that Roselle extract exhibited potential as a staining dye for the development of latent lip prints on cigarette paper. Among the 24 males and 24 females, Type I was found to be most common and was present in 54.55% of the volunteers, followed by Types I’, II and IV (21.12%, 14.58%, and 9.03%, respectively). The least common patterns were Types III and V, each represented in 0.35% of the total volunteers. Conclusion: latent lip print could be used for study of lip print pattern by stained with Roselle extract. Moreover, a digital method using Autodesk SketchBook serves as an alternative method that provides ease in storing and identification of lip print pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]