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Background: DNA barcoding depend on a piece of the cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in the mitochondrial genome is broadly useful in species ID and biodiversity studies. The aim of this study is to create a complete barcoding reference database of some fishes in the Mediterranean Sea fall under the family Sparidae. . Materials and methods: Mitochondrial COI barcode sequences were demonstrated from 8 species of family Sparidae in the order Perciformes, the mean length of Mitochondrial COI sequences was 650 base pairs. Results: The results of the phylogenetic tree presented that monophyly of Sparidae species. The studied species displayed clades of conspecific sequences and showed a match between the present study and the GenBank (NCBI) database. All groups clustered with high bootstrap value, that showed next to each branch and the tree was rooted based on the out group of Rhincodon typus. Conclusion: We achieve that COI sequencing can be used to recognize different fish species, and also it is used to obtain high competence of species reorganization by DNA barcoding. We underline the power of DNA barcode and its tools to identify different species from Mediterranean Sea. Results give Species ID for each species under study by using DNA barcoding.

El código de barras de ADN es una técnica molecular que emplea secuencias cortas y estanda rizadas de ADN, actualmente es ampliamente utilizada para la identificación de nuevas especies así como para resolver los grandes misterios de especies cripticas en grande poblaciones en el mundo entero. Atrina maura “Concha Pala” es un molusco bivalvo cuya importancia económica ha motivado el desarrollo de tecnologías de reproducción con la finalidad de potencializar la industria acuícola sin tener que ejercer presión de pesca sobre los bancos naturales. A. maura se encuentra distribuida desde México hasta el Perú, en todo el mundo 13 especies correspon dientes al género Atrina han sido identificadas basadas en el código de barras de ADN, en el estudio se aplicó el código de barras para la identificación de A. maura “concha pala”, obteniendo como resultado una secuencia parcial del gen Citocromo Oxidasa I de 732 pb, así mismo se construyó un árbol filogenético teniendo en cuenta la secuencias de las 13 especies de Atrina disponibles en el Genbank y 2 especies de Pinna demostrando que A. maura presenta un 99% de parentesco con A. rigida, y que estas corresponden a un segundo clado de la familia Pinnidae. A través de este trabajo se reporta por primera vez el código de barras de ADN para esta importante especie acuática y reafirma la eficiencia de esta técnica para la evaluación de la biodiversidad de especies en el mundo.

Monomorium Mayr is a speciose, cosmopolitan genus of myrmicine ants that has had a challenging systematic history, comprising numerous lineages whose relationships are problematic. This study employed an extensive sampling of mostly Australian taxa, along with exemplars of other genera of Solenopsidini, to examine relationships among the continent's Monomorium fauna. Sequences from elongation factor 1α F2, wingless and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) were analysed using Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods. The resultant phylogeny resolved Australian Monomorium into two major clades separated by exemplars from other genera; one comprised predominantly species with 11-segmented antennae (corresponding to Monomorium s. str. in a recent study of Myrmicinae) along with three Paleotropical species. The second clade included Australian species with 12-segmented antennae, two New Zealand species and two from New Caledonia. Two Australian cryptobiotic species were resolved as sister to Clade 2. COI analysis indicated that some species (M. fieldi Forel, M. leave Mayr and M. leae Forel) possibly represent cryptic species complexes. The New Zealand M. antipodum Forel was recovered as a valid species, and is closely related to an eastern Australian population. We resurrect the genus Chelaner Emery for species in the second clade (with 12-segmented antennae) and outline morphological characters to separate Chelaner from Monomorium s. str. Fifty-three species of Chelaner are treated as either stat. nov. or stat. rev. Monomorium is cosmopolitan and speciose genus of ants and a significant component of the ant fauna in Australia. This study provides the first multigene phylogenetic analysis for the Australian species, tests the monophyly of the Australian species groups and explores the genetic diversity of some species that exhibit high levels of morphological variation. We resurrect the genus Chelaner to encompass a diverse lineage of species with 12-segmented antennae and highlight a number of species with high COI diversity emphasising the need for a comprehensive species level revision of both Monomorium and C helaner in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Muticaria Lindholm, 1925, is currently distributed either in Southeastern Sicily or in the Malteseislands and comprises the species M. syracusana (Philippi, 1836), M. neuteboomi Beckmann, 1990 and M.macrostoma (Cantraine, 1835). For the first time, we report a molecular study on the topotypicous populationsof M. syracusana and M. neuteboomi carried out on fragments of the ribosomal 16S rDNA subunit and thecytochrome oxydase I (COI) mitochondrial genes by Neighbour Joining, Maximum Likelihood, MaximumParsimony and Bayesian Inference algorithms. Our results revealed the existence of nucleotide-sequencedivergence (Dxy: 5% for 16S rDNA and 12% for COI sequences) between the two taxa.