768 results on '"genomica"'
Search Results
2. Genome-wide data support recognition of an additional species of Neotropical river otter (Mammalia, Mustelidae, Lutrinae).
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Ferran, Vera de, Figueiró, Henrique Vieira, Trinca, Cristine Silveira, Hernández-Romero, Pablo César, Lorenzana, Gustavo P, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Carla, Koepfli, Klaus-Peter, and Eizirik, Eduardo
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MUSTELIDAE , *MAMMALS , *SPECIES , *OTTERS , *PRINCIPAL components analysis , *MITOCHONDRIAL DNA - Abstract
Cryptic biodiversity continues to be revealed worldwide, even in apparently well-known groups such as carnivorans. The Neotropical Otter (Lontra longicaudis) presents shape variation in its nose pad, a character that has been used to differentiate species in this group. Based on this, 3 subspecies are recognized: L. l. annectens (Mexico, Central America, and South America west of the Andes), L. l. enudris (Amazon and Orinoco basins), and L. l. longicaudis (Paraná basin and remaining distribution). Previous studies partially supported their distinctness based on mitochondrial DNA markers, morphometrics, and ecological niche modeling. We analyzed genome-wide nuclear markers (ultraconserved elements) of 29 L. longicaudis individuals across the species' range to assess its population structure. Phylogenomic analysis recovered L. longicaudis as paraphyletic with robust support, with 1 clade comprising samples from Mexico and Colombia (trans-Andean populations) and another encompassing the remaining samples (cis-Andean populations), which grouped with 2 other South American species, L. felina and L. provocax. Principal component and admixture analyses strongly differentiated the 2 main L. longicaudis groups, and distinguished the Amazonian individuals from the remaining cis-Andean samples. Our results support the recognition of trans-Andean populations of L. longicaudis as a distinct otter species, which should be recognized as Lontra annectens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. APPROACHES FOR ANCESTRY STUDIES IN ARCHAEOGENOMICS.
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Campelo dos Santos, André Luiz and Lavalle Sullasi, Henry S.
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ARCHAEOLOGY , *GENEALOGY , *SCIENTIFIC development , *ARCHAEOLOGISTS , *GENOMICS - Abstract
Archaeology involves the study of intriguing findings, and since the last century the field has benefited from scientific developments originating in the most diverse disciplines. This work aims to present a scientific development that can greatly contribute to archaeology: genomics. A discussion about the concept of ancestry, one of the possible products of the archaeogenomic approach, is also presented here along with a brief explanation of the main techniques for ancestry estimation. The availability of such a development means that archaeologists now have methods at their disposal that could not have been dreamed of just a few decades ago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
4. Fitness consequences and ancestry loss in the Apennine brown bear after a simulated genetic rescue intervention.
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Maroso, Francesco, Padovani, Giada, Muñoz Mora, Víctor Hugo, Giannelli, Francesco, Trucchi, Emiliano, and Bertorelle, Giorgio
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GENETIC engineering , *BROWN bear , *GENETIC load , *ANTHROPOGENIC effects on nature , *INBREEDING , *GENETIC variation , *ALARMS - Abstract
Reduction in population size, with its predicted effects on population fitness, is the most alarming anthropogenic impact on endangered species. By introducing compatible individuals, genetic rescue (GR) is a promising but debated approach for reducing the genetic load unmasked by inbreeding and for restoring the fitness of declining populations. Although GR can improve genetic diversity and fitness, it can also produce loss of ancestry, hampering local adaptation, or replace with introduced variants the unique genetic pools evolved in endemic groups. We used forward genetic simulations based on empirical genomic data to assess fitness benefits and loss of ancestry risks of GR in the Apennine brown bear (Ursus arctos marsicanus). There are approximately 50 individuals of this isolated subspecies, and they have lower genetic diversity and higher inbreeding than other European brown bears, and GR has been suggested to reduce extinction risks. We compared 10 GR scenarios in which the number and genetic characteristics of migrants varied with a non‐GR scenario of simple demographic increase due to nongenetic factors. The introduction of 5 individuals of higher fitness or lower levels of deleterious mutations than the target Apennine brown bear from a larger European brown bear population produced a rapid 10–20% increase in fitness in the subspecies and up to 22.4% loss of ancestry over 30 generations. Without a contemporary demographic increase, fitness started to decline again after a few generations. Doubling the population size without GR gradually increased fitness to a comparable level, but without losing ancestry, thus resulting in the best strategy for the Apennine brown bear conservation. Our results highlight the importance for management of endangered species of realistic forward simulations grounded in empirical whole‐genome data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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5. Genómica y proteómica: Un paso más
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Franklin Aldecoa Bedoya and Carlos Battilana Guanilo
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Proteómica ,Genómica ,Geneterapia ,Biología molecular ,Clonación ,Medicine - Abstract
El desarrollo de la genómica y proteómica descansan sobre los descubrimientos fundamentales que constituyen hitos históricos sin los cuales no hubiera sido posible el hallazgo de nuevos paradigmas, teorías, tecnología, que han cambiado drásticamente el enfoque de la ciencia médica. El descubrimiento de la estructura del ADN y sus funciones básicas: replicación, transcripción y traducción, asociadas a la manipulación del material genético celular a través de las enzimas de restricción, ligasas, polimerasas, secuenciación de las bases nucleotídicas, nos llevaron a la ingeniería genética, el develamiento del genoma humano, la creación de nuevas herramientas para el estudio y diagnostico de las enfermedades, como el PCR (reacción en cadena de la polimerasa), microarray, y al mejor entendimiento acerca del comportamiento de nuestro organismo frente a los medicamentos (farmacogenómica). Ahora nos toca un reto superior: entender mejor el comportamiento de las proteínas como elementos básicos de vida, el alfabeto a través del cual el DNA genera vida. Estos nuevos conceptos traen consigo nuevas responsabilidades, problemas éticos y morales y obviamente la necesidad de una nueva legislación para este desarrollo.
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- 2024
6. La era de las ómicas en Endocrinología: gran oportunidad para el avance del conocimiento en las rutas patológicas de enfermedades endocrinas
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Carlos Eduardo Jimenez-Canizales, Rafael Parra-Medina, and César Payán-Gómez
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Análisis de datos ,Enfermedades de la tiroides ,Enfermedades del sistema endocrino ,Factores de riesgo ,Genómica ,Medicina de precisión ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Abstract
Las ciencias ómicas son disciplinas científicas que permiten el estudio a gran escala de las moléculas biológicas como los genes, las proteínas y los metabolitos, y estas disciplinas incluyen la genómica, la proteómica y la metabolómica, entre otras. El análisis de datos obtenidos a través de las ciencias ómicas puede conducir a una mejor comprensión de los mecanismos biológicos subyacentes a diferentes enfermedades, a una mejor clasificación de las mismas y a la identificación de nuevos objetivos terapéuticos. El uso de las ciencias ómicas tiene el potencial de revolucionar la Endocrinología clínica y han contribuido significativamente a mejorar la comprensión de cómo las alteraciones genéticas y metabólicas están involucradas en el desarrollo y la evolución de diversas endocrinopatías. Las patologías tiroideas son algunas de las enfermedades endocrinas en las que al usar las ciencias ómicas se ha avanzado en la comprensión de los mecanismos subyacentes, en su clasificación y pronóstico; dentro de estas, el hipotiroidismo y los nódulos tiroideos son de las enfermedades más frecuentes, donde su epidemiología es variable dependiendo de la edad, la etnia, los factores de riesgo del medio ambiente y la ubicación geográfica, además, estas patologías son usualmente más frecuentes en mujeres.
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- 2024
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7. IMPLEMENTING GENOMIC SELECTION IN THE IMB: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES.
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Biffani, Stefano, Gómez, Mayra, Cimmino, Roberta, Rossi, Dario, Zullo, Gianluigi, Negrini, Riccardo, Cesarani, Alberto, Campanile, Giuseppe, and Neglia, Gianluca
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WATER buffalo ,GENOTYPES ,MOZZARELLA cheese - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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8. Rol del ambiente en la genómica de enfermedades
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Ailin Delvitto, Nicolás José Lavagnino, and Carolina Ocampo Mallou
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genómica ,bases biológicas de enfermedades ,diabetes tipo 2 ,genetización ,ambiente ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 ,Science ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
La Genómica genera conocimientos y tecnologías para intervenir en la salud humana. También, se destaca la potencialidad de realizar abordajes complejos de la enfermedad, que incluyan las características emergentes de redes génicas e interacciones con el ambiente. Al respecto, indagamos acerca de las nociones de ambiente que se encuentran en la Genómica de enfermedades. A partir de artículos científicos de investigaciones genómicas que abordan la Diabetes de tipo 2 (DT2) publicados en revistas de alto impacto entre 2018-2020, analizamos la manera en que se operativiza el ambiente y el rol causal que se le asigna. Nuestro análisis muestra que en dichas investigaciones: i) se tiende a omitir el rol causal del ambiente en el desarrollo de la DT2, ii) se excluye casi por completo cualquier operativización del ambiente en los diseños experimentales y iii) las explicaciones de la enfermedad se centran en elementos genómicos individuales que favorecen el desarrollo de tecnologías particulares. Caracterizamos que dichas omisiones se enmarcan en la profundización del proceso de "genetización de la vida", entendido como la tendencia hacía concebir a las personas en sus diferencias, comportamientos, padecimientos o enfermedades, principalmente a partir de sus características genéticas. Además, definir a la enfermedad casi exclusivamente en torno a la presencia de variantes genómicas específicas implica una elección y un abordaje particular del sufrimiento, que privatiza e interioriza las causas de la enfermedad en la persona y promueve aproximaciones e intervenciones a nivel individual, invisibilizando factores sociales y limitaciones materiales.
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- 2023
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9. ENFOQUES GENÓMICOS Y TRANSCRIPTÓMICOS PARA ESTUDIAR ÁRBOLES MADERABLES: PERSPECTIVAS PARA EL ESTUDIO DE CEDRO ROJO (Cedrela odorata L.)
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Lorena Jacqueline Gómez-Godínez, Carlos Iván Cruz-Cárdenas, Edith Rojas-Anaya, Marco Aurelio Aragón-Magadan, and Luis Felipe Guzmán
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cedrela odorata l. ,secuenciación-masiva ,genómica ,transcriptómica ,bases de datos. ,Agriculture ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Introducción: El enfoque genómico y transcriptómico de alto rendimiento se ha desarrollado e implementado para tratar los principales desafíos que el sector forestal maderable afronta como, el crecimiento poblacional, cambio climático, deforestación y la pérdida de los servicios ecosistémicos forestales. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica enfocada en los genomas y transcriptomas de árboles maderables reportados en las bases de datos, con especial atención en el cedro rojo (Cedrela odorata L.), debido a la importancia como madera preciosa en México. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión de literatura, dirigida en el estudio de los árboles maderables con estrategias genómica y transcriptómica, en diferentes bases de datos como Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, MDPI y Scielo para identificar las especies maderables que cuentan con genomas y transcriptomas reportados. La estructura de la revisión fue: la genómica de árboles maderables, la transcriptómica de la madera, las especies potenciales de estudio por su importancia y finalmente, las bases de datos para consulta. Posteriormente se realizó un estudio bibliométrico con la librería de bibliometrix en R Studio. Resultados principales: El primer genoma forestal en ser ensamblado a nivel de cromosoma fue el álamo negro. Entre los árboles maderables, están reportados los genomas de álamo negro, álamo del desierto, eucalipto y roble con una longitud de 392, 496, 691 y 789 Mb. Con el estudio del transcriptoma, ha sido posible identificar genes relacionados con la formación de la madera en un álamo híbrido (Populus alba L. × P. glandulosa) y P. tremula L. y con la tolerancia a la sequía en Pinus massoniana y Pinus pinaster Aiton. En cedro rojo (Cedrela odorata L.), se obtuvo el transcriptoma con la secuenciación de una sola hoja, identificando 52,181 modelos de genes. En las bases de datos NCBI, EMBL-EBI, TreeGenes, PLAZA y el sitio web de la genómica de la madera dura es posible encontrar información relacionada con la genómica y transcriptómica de las especies maderables. Implicaciones: Se requieren más investigaciones en el área de las ómicas en maderables, particularmente en cedro rojo, ya que la búsqueda en estos temas arrojó poca información Conclusión: A través de la revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos, se identificaron los árboles maderables que cuentan con genoma y transcriptoma descritos. Dicha información puede ser utilizada para el ensamble y anotación de nuevos genomas, identificación de genes y marcadores moleculares, entre otras aplicaciones.
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- 2023
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10. Limitaciones de la complejidad en las Ciencias Ómicas: simplificación epistemológica en el abordaje de enfermedades
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Ailin Delvitto and Nicolás Lavagnino
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Ciencias Ómicas ,Genómica ,Bases Biológicas de Enfermedades ,Simplificación Epistemológica ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
Las Ciencias Ómicas se presentan con la potencialidad de realizar abordajes complejos del fenómeno que estudian como también de intervenir sobre la salud humana a partir del desarrollo de tecnologías de diagnóstico y tratamiento de enfermedades. Al respecto, mostramos un análisis epistemológico de las Ciencias Ómicas sobre la utilización y alcance de conceptualizaciones complejas de la acción génica en la relación genotipo-fenotipo. En particular, si suceden o no simplificaciones epistemológicas cuando se estudian enfermedades humanas. Nuestro análisis comparativo muestra que, en general, en las Ciencias Ómicas hay conceptualizaciones tanto simples como complejas de la acción génica en la relación genotipo-fenotipo, mientras que en las investigaciones ómicas que abordan enfermedades humanas se encuentra una exacerbación de conceptualizaciones simplificantes. Se discute si dicha simplificación epistemológica se ve favorecida en un escenario de intervención en aspectos de salud como es la generación de conocimientos para tecnologías ómicas de diagnóstico y tratamiento de enfermedades. Así, tal como sucede en otros ámbitos de las Ciencias Naturales, para los estudios ómicos de enfermedades se genera un vínculo necesario entre simplificaciones epistemológicas y la promesa de intervención.
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- 2023
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11. Genomics of psychiatric disorders: Regional challenges and opportunities
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Diego A. Forero
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genómica ,transtornos mentales ,Medicine ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 - Published
- 2023
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12. Updating splits, lumps, and shuffles: Reconciling GenBank names with standardized avian taxonomies.
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Hosner, Peter A., Min Zhao, Kimball, Rebecca T., Braun, Edward L., and Burleigh, J. Gordon
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GENE libraries , *BIRD ecology , *DNA sequencing , *NUCLEOTIDE sequence , *BIG data - Abstract
Biodiversity research has advanced by testing expectations of ecological and evolutionary hypotheses through the linking of large-scale genetic, distributional, and trait datasets. The rise of molecular systematics over the past 30 years has resulted in a wealth of DNA sequences from around the globe. Yet, advances in molecular systematics also have created taxonomic instability, as new estimates of evolutionary relationships and interpretations of species limits have required widespread scientific name changes. Taxonomic instability, colloquially "splits, lumps, and shuffles," presents logistical challenges to large-scale biodiversity research because (1) the same species or sets of populations may be listed under different names in different data sources, or (2) the same name may apply to different sets of populations representing different taxonomic concepts. Consequently, distributional and trait data are often difficult to link directly to primary DNA sequence data without extensive and time-consuming curation. Here, we present RANT: Reconciliation of Avian NCBI Taxonomy. RANT applies taxonomic reconciliation to standardize avian taxon names in use in NCBI GenBank, a primary source of genetic data, to a widely used and regularly updated avian taxonomy: eBird/Clements. Of 14,341 avian species/subspecies names in GenBank, 11,031 directly matched an eBird/Clements; these link to more than 6 million nucleotide sequences. For the remaining unmatched avian names in GenBank, we used Avibase's system of taxonomic concepts, taxonomic descriptions in Cornell's Birds of the World, and DNA sequence metadata to identify corresponding eBird/Clements names. Reconciled names linked to more than 600,000 nucleotide sequences, ~9% of all avian sequences on GenBank. Nearly 10% of eBird/Clements names had nucleotide sequences listed under 2 or more GenBank names. Our taxonomic reconciliation is a first step towards rigorous and open-source curation of avian GenBank sequences and is available at GitHub, where it can be updated to correspond to future annual eBird/Clements taxonomic updates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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13. The main molecular profiling approaches used in oncology: technology, advantages and limitations.
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Popescu, Cristina and Belengeanu, Valeria
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NUCLEOTIDE sequencing , *PATIENTS' rights , *ONCOLOGY , *INDIVIDUALIZED medicine , *PHYSICIANS - Abstract
Over the past 10 years, we have seen major scientific advances in our understanding of cancer, and this knowledge has created novel opportunities for personalized medicine. The primary goal of precision medicine is to deliver the right treatments to the right patient at the right time. Tumor analysis by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and other profiling technologies together with more efficient treatments are promising to fulfill this goal. Doctors can now select medications based on the presence of specific biomarkers to customize the treatment given to each patient. Tumor profiling can help not only to increase the chances of survival, but also to avoid unnecessary treatments and their potential toxicity. Although this approach sounds promising, there are a few limitations to their full implementation in routine practice. Some are related to the healthcare system, like poor access to targeted agents, cost of treatments, cost of the testing and lack of clinical trial availability, while others are related to the testing itself, such as the complexity of the molecular information generated, uncertainty regarding the clinical utility of the information, and clinicians’ education. This is the context in which we discuss two major tumor molecular profiling directions that are currently used in clinical oncology practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
14. Selection of both habitat and genes in specialized and endangered caribou.
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Cavedon, Maria, vonHoldt, Bridgett, Hebblewhite, Mark, Hegel, Troy, Heppenheimer, Elizabeth, Hervieux, Dave, Mariani, Stefano, Schwantje, Helen, Steenweg, Robin, Watters, Megan, and Musiani, Marco
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HABITAT selection , *CARIBOU , *SUBSPECIES , *PREDATION , *GOATS , *FATTY acid-binding proteins - Abstract
From pairwise I F i SB ST sb estimates calculated across all SNPs (rare alleles excluded), we found that Boreal caribou were distinguishable from Barren-ground or Mountain caribou, and these differences were more noticeable when habitat selection-associated SNPs only were used (Figure 6). RESULTS Seasonal habitat selection varied between caribou individuals, but with characteristic ecotyp... We used RSFs and determined that caribou selected or avoided a total of 13 habitat variables: they used them nonrandomly within individual seasonal ranges. The type of land cover was also selected, but not shown here as selection was relative to other types (not absolute) gl Variation of habitat selection caribou individuals Habitat selection varied among caribou individuals even when they belonged to the same ecotype (e.g., elevation; Figure 3) and herd, and the same individual could also select different habitats in winter and summer (Figure 4). Winter habitat selection patterns by caribou ecotypes Caribou belonging to all ecotypes consistently selected for areas within their individual winter range that had more snow and were closer to water-saturated soils (e.g., wetlands) (winter regression coefficients for caribou ecotypes in Table S6). [Extracted from the article]
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- 2022
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15. La nueva perspectiva molecular del gen en la era posgenómica
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Pedro Martínez Gómez
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Dogma central de la Biología Molecular ,gen ,genética ,genómica ,posgenómica ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
El Proyecto ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements) fue considerado como una continuación del Proyecto Genoma Humano (PGH) que tenía como objetivo identificar todos los elementos funcionales en el genoma y profundizar en el análisis de la expresión del gen y su complejidad. A pesar de los cientos de miles de proteínas presentes en el ser humano únicamente 20.000 genes habían sido descritos. El objetivo principal del proyecto ENCODE era determinar el papel del resto del componente del genoma, excluyendo las regiones codificantes o genes. Sin embargo, partir de ENCODE, en la nueva era posgenómica, se evidenciaron nuevos fenómenos moleculares relacionados con el genoma y localizados en el núcleo de la célula (incluyendo las variaciones de copia del genoma, los genes de fusión, los fenómenos de pleiotropía, la herencia epigenética, la epitranscriptómica, las epimutaciones, los daños del ADN, la transmisión transgeneracional de información ambiental o la agrupación del ADN en una cuádruple hélice) o no relacionados con el genoma y localizados en el citoplasma celular (incluyendo la herencia mediada por material extra-genómico, las modificaciones postraduccionales de proteínas, la presencia de glucógenos y la regulación de ARNt nuclear, cloroplástico y mitocondrial) que cuestionan el concepto de gen y el Dogma Central de la Biología Molecular (DCBM). Estos nuevos fenómenos que discutiremos a continuación han supuesto una nueva perspectiva molecular del gen y del DCBM.
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- 2022
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16. Potenciales de la nutrigenética en el abordaje y tratamiento de enfermedades cardiovasculares y factores de riesgo asociados
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Maria Daniela Defagó and Aldo Renato Eynard
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genes ,nutrición ,enfermedad cardiovascular ,genómica ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Introducción: A partir de la nutrigenética, estudio del efecto que la variación genética tiene sobre la respuesta individual a la dieta, es posible comprender y modular la respuesta clínica condicionada por el genotipo por la dieta. Objetivo: explorar la evidencia bibliográfica sobre los potenciales de la nutrigenética en el abordaje y tratamiento de las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) y factores de riesgo asociados. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de publicaciones en bases de datos electrónicas MEDLINE, EMBASE y Google Scholar. Se incluyeron aquellos artículos que contenían las palabras claves o una combinación de ellas, durante 1990-2019, tanto de estudios experimentales como observacionales. Resultados: 49 artículos fueron incluidos, clasificados de acuerdo a las principales vías moleculares involucradas en la etiopatogenia de las ECV. Si bien se encontró una amplia diversidad de variantes genéticas que confieren susceptibilidad para las ECV y factores de riesgo como obesidad, dislipemia e hipertensión arterial, se observó poca consistencia en la publicación de estudios de replicación. Conclusiones: el conocimiento de variantes genéticas permite la personalización de la dieta, que puede complementarse con otras recomendaciones saludables asociadas al estilo de vida. Son necesarios más estudios en grandes poblaciones y metaanálisis que muestren de manera inequívoca la relación gen-nutriente.
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- 2022
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17. Potential biocontrol mechanisms of Bacillus sp. TSO2 against Bipolaris sorokiniana, spot blotch in wheat.
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Valenzuela-Ruiz, Valeria, Parra-Cota, Fannie I., Santoyo3,S, Gustavo, and los Santos-Villalobos, Sergio
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GENE clusters , *BIOLOGICAL pest control agents , *SUSTAINABLE agriculture , *AGRICULTURE , *BACILLUS (Bacteria) , *BIPOLARIS , *PHOSPHATE metabolism , *PHYTOPATHOGENIC fungi , *WHEAT - Abstract
Bipolaris sorokiniana is a pathogen of cereals such as wheat and barley, causing root rot, leaf blight, seedling blight, and spot blotch. This phytopathogen causes a considerable reduction in cereal yield of up to 85%. Thus, sustainable alternatives to the application of synthetic fungicides are determinants for the control of phytopathogens, such as the application of biological control agents. This study aims to identify the potential biocontrol mechanisms of the bacterial strain TSO2 by sequencing, annotation, and mining its genome. The draft genome of strain TSO2 was sequenced through the Illumina Miseq platform and presented 4,242,212 bp, 43.9% G+C content, 300,069 bp N50, 5 L50, 47 contigs, 96 RNAs, and 4,432 predicted coding DNA sequences. Besides, the presence of 86 CDS of agricultural importance involved in virulence, disease, defense, iron acquisition, and secondary and phosphate metabolisms was detected. On the other hand, seven putative secondary metabolite gene clusters involved in biocontrol activity were identified in the genome of strain TSO2. Bacillus sp. TSO2 contains a great number of biosynthetic gene clusters which supports its biocontrol activity against phytopathogenic fungi. Thus, this strain needs to be further studied as a potential bioactive ingredient for the biopesticide formulation due to its high potential as a biological control agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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18. Colorectal cancer biomarkers and their impact on the clinical practice
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James Crespo, Ana Paula Victorino, Kelly Araujo, Luiz Henrique Araujo, and Fernando Meton de Alencar Camara Vieira
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biomarcadores ,genômica ,prognóstico ,agentes antineoplásicos ,neoplasias colorretais ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 ,Medicine - Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) holds third place in the global ranking of malignancies worldwide. Patients with CRC commonly show distinct outcomes and treatment responses due to their biological features and tumoral biomarkers. This review explores the repertoire of molecular biomarkers in CRC, comprised of chromosomal aberrations and genomic instability and genetic mutations. We also underline the stratification of CRC patients into four clinically defined subsets: CMS1 (MSI, immune); CMS2 (canonical); CMS3 (metabolic); and CMS4 (mesenchymal), as well as novel techniques to be applied very soon in the field, such as cell-free DNA, tumor mutational burden, and microbiome profiling.
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- 2021
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19. CONHECIMENTO DE ENFERMEIROS SOBRE GENÉTICA E GENÔMICA APLICADO AO CÂNCER DE MAMA
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Cintia Yolette Urbano Pauxis Aben-Athar, Michele Monteiro Sousa, Marta Solange Camarinha Ramos Costa, Thalyta Mariany Rêgo Lopes Ueno, Fabianne de Jesus Dias de Sousa, Glenda Roberta Oliveira Naiff Ferreira, and Aline Maria Pereira Cruz Ramos
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Genética ,Genômica ,Neoplasias da Mama ,Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros ,Atenção Secundária à Saúde ,Atenção Terciária à Saúde ,Nursing ,RT1-120 - Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: identificar o conhecimento de enfermeiros em genética e genômica aplicado ao câncer de mama. Método: estudo transversal com a aplicação de um questionário desenvolvido pelos autores a enfermeiros assistenciais, maiores de 18 anos, atuantes na atenção secundária e terciária, no município de Belém do Pará, região Norte do Brasil. Realizada técnica de amostragem por conveniência em relação aos locais de coleta e amostragem aleatória simples para o número amostral mínimo de 71 participantes. Resultados: foram abordados 80 enfermeiros com idade média de 42 anos, sendo a maior parte de especialistas. Verificaram-se diferenças entre o nível da atenção em que os enfermeiros atuam e o primeiro contato com genética e/ou genômica (p
- Published
- 2021
20. O Contributo da Genómica do SARS-CoV-2 Para a Gestão da Pandemia de COVID-19 em Portugal
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João Paulo Gomes
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COVID-19 ,Genómica ,Portugal ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
N/a.
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- 2021
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21. Orthodontics and Genetics
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Alexandre R. Vieira
- Subjects
Genética ,Miosinas ,Estatura ,Má oclusão ,Genômica ,Dentistry ,RK1-715 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction: Genetics has been suggested as an explanation for the etiology of malocclusions, although some questions, due to the perception that genetic inheritance is tied to a monogenic or Mendelian form of inheritance. Objective: This paper describes the inheritance of malocclusions, highlighting the areas of knowledge where research has explored mechanisms that explain deviations in patterns of craniofacial growth. Conclusion: Malocclusions have a complex or multifactorial pattern of inheritance, where more than one gene is involved in the development of the phenotype. There is also the possibility that the environment influences malocclusions.
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- 2019
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22. Dezvoltarea cardiologiei în următorul deceniu.
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Mihail Popovici, Elena Anton, and Lucia Ciobanu
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imagistica medicală ,genomica ,medicina regenerativă ,boli cardiovasculare ,medicina personalizată. ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Other systems of medicine ,RZ201-999 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Bolile cardiovasculare reprezintă cauza principală responsabilă de morbiditatea și mortalitatea în lume. Direcțiile de dezvoltare, preconizate în medicina cardiovasculară pentru următorii ani, vor servi imperativului de a le reduce. În articol sunt elucidate câteva din domeniile de perspectivă. Progresele notorii în imagistica medicală, medicina de precizie, genomică și epigenetică, în tehnologiile de elaborare de medicamente noi, în medicina regenerativă, medicina de prevenție etc., au fost atinse într-o strânsă colaborare interdisciplinară și vor permite o dezvoltare oportună în domeniul cardiologiei. Va fi necesară acumularea în continuare de dovezi verosimile pentru a atinge niveluri noi, exacte și personalizate în stratificarea riscului, în diagnosticarea precoce, în optimizarea tratamentului, profilaxia bolilor CV și menținerea stării de sănătate CV.
- Published
- 2019
23. Uso de las ciencias ómicas para el mejoramiento genético de cultivos
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Kelly Botero O. and Tatiana Arias
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filogenética ,genómica ,SAM ,transcriptómica.Volumen 34(1):64-78 ISSN Impreso 0120-0135 e-ISSN 2256-2273 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.22267/rcia.183502.92ARTÍCULO DE INVESTIGACIÓN: HORTICULTURA Y VITICULTURA.REVISTA DE CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS ,transcriptómica ,Agriculture ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
El crecimiento de la población, el cambio climático y la pérdida de los servicios ecosistémicos, son algu-nos de los desafíos que enfrenta el sector agrícola en las últimas décadas para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria a largo plazo. Los programas de mejoramiento genético son un frente de acción que puede contribuir al desarrollo de materiales genéticos adaptados a nuevas condiciones ambientales. El desa-rrollo y la implementación de tecnologías de secuenciación de alto rendimiento han permitido acelerar dichos programas en cultivos que alimentan a la mayoría de la población mundial. El propósito de este artículo es revisar algunos de los desarrollos tecnológicos de las ciencias ómicas para el estudio de mejoramiento genético de cultivos. En este trabajo se discuten cuatro enfoques de las ciencias ómicas y sus aplicaciones en la agricultura: la filogenómica, la genómica comparativa, la transcriptómica compa-rativa y la selección asistida por marcadores moleculares. Estos enfoques permiten comprender la his-toria evolutiva de cultivos y sus parientes silvestres, identificar la estructura y función de los genes de interés en la agricultura, revelar la expresión de los genes importantes en el proceso de domesticación y caracterizar molecularmente individuos de especies agrícolas, con el fin de evidenciar variaciones genéticas que permitan agilizar procesos de selección. Es necesario implementar programas de mejo-ramiento genético que incluya el uso de algunas, o todas estas tecnologías con el propósito de acelerar los resultados de dichos procesos y contribuir a los desafíos del sector agrícola
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- 2018
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24. Domesticación, diversidad y recursos genéticos y genómicos de México: El caso de las calabazas
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Luis E. Eguiarte, Helena S. Hernández-Rosales, Josué Barrera-Redondo, Gabriela Castellanos-Morales, Leslie M. Paredes-Torres, Guillermo Sánchez-de la Vega, Karen Y. Ruiz-Mondragón, Alejandra Vázquez-Lobo, Salvador Montes-Hernández, Erika Aguirre-Planter, Valeria Souza, and Rafael Lira
- Subjects
cloroplasto ,cucurbita ,filogenia ,genética de poblaciones ,genómica ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
La domesticación de plantas y animales permite estudiar diferentes procesos evolutivos, como la selección, adaptación y especiación. En este artículo se describen avances recientes en el estudio de las calabazas, las cuales constituyen el género Cucurbita (Cucurbitaceae) siendo un grupo de plantas herbáceas americanas que incluyen entre 12 y 15 especies. Cucurbita ha tenido seis eventos de domesticación, de los cuales cuatro sucedieron en México. Este es un género relativamente reciente, que surgió en Norte América hace 16 millones de años y sus especies cultivadas mantienen una alta variación genética; Cucurbita pepo es la especie que presenta mayor variación genética,variación asociada a dos domesticaciones independientes, una en el norte de México, y otra en el Sureste de los Estados Unidos. En otra especie, Cucurbita argyrosperma, sus poblaciones de la Península de Yucatán, representan una poza genética diferenciada del resto de la especie. El estudio del genoma de C. argyrosperma y taxa cercanos ha revelado las regiones de su genoma asociadas a la domesticación. Las poblaciones de las especies de este género representan una fuente de importantes recursos genéticos frente al cambio climático y constituyen un buen sistema para el estudio de la domesticación y de diferentes procesos evolutivos.
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- 2018
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25. Integrative taxonomy and geographic sampling underlie successful species delimitation.
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Cicero, Carla, Mason, Nicholas A., Alicia Jiménez, Rosa, Wait, Daniel R., Wang-Claypool, Cynthia Y., and Bowie, Rauri C. K.
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- *
BIRD populations , *GEOGRAPHICAL distribution of birds , *SPECIES diversity , *PHENOTYPES , *DATA analysis - Abstract
Species delimitation requires a broad assessment of population-level variation using multiple lines of evidence, a process known as integrative taxonomy. More specifically, studies of species limits must address underlying questions of what limits the distribution of populations, how traits vary in association with different environments, and whether the observed trait differences may lead to speciation through reproductive isolation. While genomic data have revolutionized the process of delimiting species, such data should be analyzed along with phenotypic, behavioral, and ecological traits that shape individuals across geographic and environmental space. The integration of multiple traits promotes taxonomic stability and should be a major guiding principle for species delimitation. Equally important, however, is thorough geographic sampling to adequately represent population-level variation--both in allopatry and across putative contact zones. We discuss the importance of both of these factors in the context of species concepts and traits and present different examples from birds that illustrate criteria for species delimitation. In addition, we review a decade of proposals for species-level taxonomic revisions considered by the American Ornithological Society's North American Classification Committee, and summarize the basis for decisions on whether to split or lump species. Finally, we present recommendations and discuss challenges (specifically permits, time, and funding) for species delimitation studies. This is an exciting time to be studying species delimitation in birds: many species-level questions remain, and methodological advances along with increased access to data enable new approaches to studying age-old problems in avian taxonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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26. An overview of speciation and species limits in birds.
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Winker, Kevin
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- *
BIRD classification , *GENE flow , *GENETIC speciation , *BIRD ecology , *DATA analysis - Abstract
Accurately determining avian species limits has been a challenge and a work in progress for most of a century. It is a fascinating but difficult problem. Under the biological species concept, only lineages that remain essentially independent when they are in sympatry are clearly species. Otherwise, there is no clear line yet found that marks when a pair of diverging lineages (e.g., in allopatry) become different enough to warrant full biological species status. Also, with more data, species limits often require reevaluation. The process of divergence and speciation is itself very complex and is the focus of intense research. Translating what we understand of that process into taxonomic names can be challenging. A series of issues are important. Single-locus criteria are unlikely to be convincing. Genetic independence is not a species limits requirement, but the degree of independence (gene flow) needs to be considered when there is opportunity for gene flow and independence is not complete. Time-based species (limits determined by time of separation) are unsatisfactory, though integrating time more effectively into our datasets is warranted. We need to disentangle data signal due to neutral processes vs. selection and prioritize the latter as the main driver of speciation. Assortative mating is also not likely to be an adequate criterion for determining species limits. Hybridization and gene flow are more important than ever, and there is a condition not being treated evenly in taxonomy: evolutionary trysts of 2 or more lineages stuck together through gene flow just short of speciation over long periods. Comparative methods that use what occurs between good species in contact to infer species limits among allopatric forms remain the gold standard, but they can be inaccurate and controversial. Species-level taxonomy in birds is likely to remain unsettled for some time. While the study of avian speciation has never been more exciting and dynamic, there is no silver bullet for species delimitation, nor is it likely that there will ever be one. Careful work using integrative taxonomy in a comparative framework is the most promising way forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
27. Genomic and acoustic differences separate Lilian's Meadowlark (Sturnella magna lilianae) from Eastern (S. magna) and Western (S. neglecta) meadowlarks.
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Beam, Johanna K., Funk, Erik R., and Taylor, Scott A.
- Subjects
- *
EASTERN meadowlark , *BIRD phylogeny , *INTROGRESSION (Genetics) , *BIRDSONGS - Abstract
Examining differences among recently diverged populations can provide insight into the traits and evolutionary mechanisms that drive or maintain divergence. The genus Sturnella includes 2 recently diverged species, Sturnella magna (Eastern Meadowlark) and S. neglecta (Western Meadowlark), the former of which has a complex of subspecies distributed across the Americas. Of the S. magna subspecies that occur in the United States, S. m. lilianae is the only one with a disjunct range, occurring in the southwestern United States and central Mexico. It also has markedly different song patterns than all other S. magna subspecies. In order to assess population differentiation, we performed whole-genome sequencing of 35 birds and analyzed song characteristics from 85 birds. Songs from each species and S. m. lilianae were diagnosable using linear discriminant function analysis and support divergence in song between all taxa. Phylogenetic analysis and admixture proportions support 3 distinct clades within North American meadowlarks, and tests of introgression failed to detect a significant signal. Overall, our results indicate that S. m. lilianae exhibits high levels of genetic and vocal differentiation from both S. magna and S. neglecta, with no evidence of introgression between any group, and forms a distinct evolutionary lineage. We thus recommend the elevation of S. m. lilianae to species status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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28. A leap forward: exploring the advantages of single-step genome evaluation in Italian Mediterranean buffalo.
- Author
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Stefano, Biffani, Mayra, Gómez, Roberta, Cimmino, Dario, Rossi, Gianluigi, Zullo, Riccardo, Negrini, Alberto, Cesarani, Giuseppe, Campanile, and Gianluca, Neglia
- Subjects
WATER buffalo ,ANIMAL genetics ,GENOTYPES - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Correlation of the internal genetic evaluation and the ANASB genomic index of a buffalo herd in Venezuela.
- Author
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Cárdenas, Iván A., Chacón, Miguel A., and De Ondiz, Aitor
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WATER buffalo ,DOMESTIC animal genetics - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Tratamiento del dolor en pacientes con quemaduras severas.
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Judith Cruz-Nocelo, Evelyn, Hugo Zúñiga-Carmona, Víctor, and Serratos-Vázquez, María Concepción
- Subjects
- *
PAIN management , *PATIENTS , *PHARMACOLOGY , *METHODOLOGY , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials - Abstract
Severe burns are characterized by inducing the most severe and sustained metabolic response than any other form of trauma. The treatment of pain in these patients is complex. In this review, the scientific support available in the current literature was integrated from a practical clinical approach in regard to the treatment of pain in the patient with burns; in turn, two representative schemes of the classification of pain and multimodal analgesia for the patient with major burns were integrated. Multimodal analgesia is the technique currently recommended for the treatment of burn pain; however, more research is required mainly with regard to analgesic adjuvants in burned patients. It is likely that the state of intense and persistent inflammation that characterizes these patients, which implies the massive genomic reorganization of the leukocyte transcriptome, contributes to the exceptional quality of the pain of the patient with burn injuries. The foundation of successful analgesic management could be in the search for specific regulatory anti-inflammatories for these patients. It is necessary to undertake the development of effective anti-inflammatoriesanalgesics with properties that allow them to overcome the challenge of the high variability of the pharmacological parameters of the patient with major burns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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31. Evaluaciones genéticas usando el mejor predictor lineal insesgado genómico en una etapa en bovinos
- Author
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Alejandro Amaya Martínez, Rodrigo Martínez Sarmiento, and Mario Cerón Muñoz
- Subjects
Fenotipos ,ganadería ,genómica ,marcadores genéticos ,mejoramiento genético ,Agriculture ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
Las evaluaciones genéticas convencionales han estado enmarcadas en la estimación de valores genéticos a partir de los sistemas de ecuaciones de modelos mixtos que consideran efectos aleatorios y fijos simultáneamente. En los últimos años, el desarrollo en tecnologías de secuenciación del genoma ha permitido obtener información genómica que puede ser incluida en las evaluaciones genéticas para incrementar las confiabilidades, el progreso genético y disminuir el intervalo generacional. El mejor predictor lineal insesgado en una etapa es una metodología que incluye información genómica reemplazando la matriz de parentesco por una matriz que combina el parentesco por pedigrí y genómico de una población genotipada, permitiendo la estimación de valores genéticos para animales no genotipados. El objetivo de este artículo de revisión fue la descripción de la metodología, sus recientes avances, y conocer algunas de las estrategias que podrían ser llevadas a cabo cuando el número de animales genotipados es bajo.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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32. La genómica en la investigación científica y en la gestión de la vida silvestre en México
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Julio César Canales-Delgadillo, Leonardo Chapa Vargas, Mauricio Cotera Correa, and Laura Magdalena Scott-Morales
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ADN ,conservación ,genómica ,manejo ,marcadores moleculares ,vida silvestre ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 - Abstract
México alberga una diversidad biológica excepcional que lo coloca entre los principales países megadiversos, pues posee tres de las 34 ecorregiones del mundo y zonas consideradas áreas silvestres a nivel mundial, como los desiertos de Chihuahua, Sonora y California; su importancia radica en que reune alrededor de 70 % de su hábitat original en buenas condiciones y una densidad poblacional humana menor a 5 habitantes km-2. El uso de la genómica como herramienta en la investigación científica en este país tuvo sus inicios a finales de 1930 con trabajos encaminados al mejoramiento genético de cultivos comerciales y a entender los fundamentos ecológicos de la variación genética en Drosophila pseudooscura, pero hasta los años 80 y 90 comenzó el estudio de la flora y la fauna bajo esa perspectiva. Sin embargo, a pesar del potencial que las técnicas genómicas ofrecen para mejorar el desarrollo de estrategias y políticas de gestión que aseguren la producción de alimentos y la preservación de especies, no han sido extensamente utilizadas. Se presenta una revisión de las áreas del conocimiento en la vida silvestre en las que la genómica ha sido incorporada para abordar poblaciones naturales y se discuten los aspectos en los que puede incidir dentro del manejo y conservación de taxa de importancia biológica y comercial.
- Published
- 2018
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33. Linkage disequilibrium, population stratification and patterns of ancestry in Simmental cattle.
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Amaya, A., Burgos, W., Martínez, R., and Cerón-Muñoz, M.
- Subjects
- *
SIMMENTAL cattle , *LINKAGE disequilibrium , *PRINCIPAL components analysis , *SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms , *GENETIC correlations , *BEEF cattle - Abstract
The massive use of a few bulls in artificial insemination programs affects the structure and genetic composition of a population. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity, population stratification, patterns of ancestry and linkage disequilibrium in Simmental cattle. A sample of 233 genotyped animals with 30.106 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was used. Principal components analysis and probabilistic assignments were performed to estimate patterns of genetic subdivision and ancestry. Linkage disequilibrium was estimated as the square of the genetic correlation coefficient between SNP's. The principal components analysis did not show genetic subdivision patterns within the population. However, the analysis of ancestry showed a genetic subdivision of three groups. A value of 0.3 for linkage disequilibrium was found at a distance of 33 kb. Results indicate that imported genetic material from populations with different breeding goals and selection criteria could contribute to changes on genetic structure., [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Genetic evaluations in cattle using the single-step genomic best linear unbiased predictor.
- Author
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Amaya Martínez, Alejandro, Martínez Sarmiento, Rodrigo, and Cerón-Muñoz, Mario
- Subjects
CATTLE genetics ,CATTLE ,NUCLEOTIDE sequencing ,ANIMAL culture ,GENETIC markers - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria is the property of Agrosavia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Mining the Ocean Genome: Global Bioprospecting Expeditions and Genomic Extractivism on the Oceanic Frontier
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Policante, Amedeo and Borg, Erica
- Subjects
genomica ,ecologia politica ,genomics ,extractivism ,oceanic explorations ,biotechnologies ,esplorazioni oceaniche ,biotecnologie ,political ecology ,estrattivismo - Abstract
The article follows the ongoing transformation of genomic science into an industry – dedicated to the systematic extraction, abstraction and manipulation of genetic material – and considers the new types of oceanic exploration that genomic research both presupposes and fosters. We argue that emergent practices of ocean bioprospecting are sparking new ways of thinking, living and exploiting marine ecosystems as «genomic mines». We chart the recent history of genomic bioprospecting operations in the global ocean – focusing on the Sorcerer II expedition (2004-2006) and the Tara Oceans project (2009-2013) – and recount the rise of the «ocean genome» as an object of knowledge and a target of extractivist practices. Finally, we theorize the peculiar global mobility of bioprospecting vessels as constituting a practice of social construction of the ocean: a peculiar form of scientific navigation, which is already engendering new social uses of marine biodiversity, new strategies of capital accumulation, as well as innovative representations of ocean ecosystems. L'articolo traccia la trasformazione della genomica in un'industria dedicata all’estrazione, astrazione e manipolazione di materiale genetico e si sofferma sui nuovi tipi di esplorazione oceanica che quest’industria presuppone e promuove. Ci soffermiamo in particolare sulla storia recente delle spedizioni scientifiche di bioprospezione in alto mare, concentrando la nostra attenzione sulle vicende della Sorcerer II e della Tara Oceans, ed evidenziando l’avvento dell’ocean genome come oggetto di studio e target estrattivo. Infine, l’articolo interpreta la mobilità delle navi scientifiche impiegate nel campionamento genomico e meta-genomico come una praxis nautica sui generis: una forma di navigazione estrattiva che sta già generando nuovi usi degli spazi marini, nuove strategie di accumulazione e nuove rappresentazioni degli spazi oceanici. Le pratiche di bioprospezione oceanica stimolano nuovi modi di pensare, esperienziare ed estrarre valore dalle profondità marine.
- Published
- 2023
36. The Scarface Score: Deciphering Response to DNA Damage Agents in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer—A GEICO Study
- Author
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Fernandez-Serra, Antonio, López-Reig, Raquel, Márquez, Raúl, Gallego, Alejandro, De Sande-González, Luis Miguel, Yubero Esteban, Alfonso, OAKNIN, ANA, Institut Català de la Salut, [Fernández-Serra A, López-Reig R] Molecular Biology Lab, Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain. Joint IVO-CIPF Cancer Research Unit, Valencia, Spain. [Márquez R] Medical Oncology Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Madrid, Spain. [Gallego A] Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain. [de Sande LM] Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de León, León, Spain. [Yubero A] Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain. [Oaknin A] Servei d’Oncologia Mèdica, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus
- Subjects
Genòmica ,Anomalies cromosòmiques ,Neoplasms::Neoplasms by Site::Endocrine Gland Neoplasms::Ovarian Neoplasms [DISEASES] ,Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Variation::Mutation::Genetic Phenomena::Genomic Instability [PHENOMENA AND PROCESSES] ,Ovaris - Càncer - Aspectes genètics ,neoplasias::neoplasias por localización::neoplasias de las glándulas endocrinas::neoplasias ováricas [ENFERMEDADES] ,fenómenos genéticos::variación genética::mutación::fenómenos genéticos::inestabilidad genómica [FENÓMENOS Y PROCESOS] - Abstract
Genomic instability; Machine learning Inestabilidad genómica; Aprendizaje automático Inestabilitat genòmica; Aprenentatge automàtic Genomic Instability (GI) is a transversal phenomenon shared by several tumor types that provide both prognostic and predictive information. In the context of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), response to DNA-damaging agents such as platinum-based and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) has been closely linked to deficiencies in the DNA repair machinery by homologous recombination repair (HRR) and GI. In this study, we have developed the Scarface score, an integrative algorithm based on genomic and transcriptomic data obtained from the NGS analysis of a prospective GEICO cohort of 190 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples from patients diagnosed with HGSOC with a median follow up of 31.03 months (5.87–159.27 months). In the first step, three single-source models, including the SNP-based model (accuracy = 0.8077), analyzing 8 SNPs distributed along the genome; the GI-based model (accuracy = 0.9038) interrogating 28 parameters of GI; and the HTG-based model (accuracy = 0.8077), evaluating the expression of 7 genes related with tumor biology; were proved to predict response. Then, an ensemble model called the Scarface score was found to predict response to DNA-damaging agents with an accuracy of 0.9615 and a kappa index of 0.9128 (p < 0.0001). The Scarface Score approaches the routine establishment of GI in the clinical setting, enabling its incorporation as a predictive and prognostic tool in the management of HGSOC. This research was partially funded by GVA Grants “Subvencions per a la realització de projectes d’i+d+i desenvolupats per grups d’investigació emergents (GV/2020/158)” and “Ayudas para la contratación de personal investigador en formación de carácter predoctoral” (ACIF/2016/008) and “Beca de investigación traslacional Andrés Poveda 2020” from GEICO group. This study was awarded the Prize “Antonio Llombart Rodriguez-FINCIVO 2020” from the Royal Academy of Medicine of the Valencian Community.
- Published
- 2023
37. La bioética en el época del ‘big data’: la salud y más allá
- Author
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Sarah Chan
- Subjects
bioética ,big data ,datos masivos ,salud poblacional ,datos de salud ,ética de la investigación ,genómica ,ética de algoritmos ,medios sociales ,Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law ,K201-487 ,Medical philosophy. Medical ethics ,R723-726 - Abstract
La ciencia de ‘big data’ (o datos masivos) lleva mucho potencial para la investigación biomédica, y promete una transformación en la salud y la asistencia médica. Al mismo tiempo, el uso de datos de salud en investigación presenta varios retos éticos. En este artículo, exploraré aspectos éticos de la llegada del ‘big data’ al ámbito de la salud. Aunque el discurso público y regulatorio se ha focalizado mucho en el uso de datos del individuo, lidiar con los nuevos desafíos de datos masivos requiere considerar enfoques alternativos a la ética de la investigación, tal como el modelo del “contrato social”. Hay que pensar más allá del uso de datos para investigaciones en salud y contemplar las consecuencias sociales de la epistemología y la práctica de ‘big data’ y las implicancias morales de la ‘datificación’ del humano.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Leucemia linfoblástica aguda infantil: una aproximación genómica
- Author
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Silvia Jiménez-Morales, Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda, and Julián Ramírez-Bello
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Leucemia aguda linfoblástica ,Genómica ,Biomarcadores ,Alelos de riesgo ,Farmacogenómica ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
En paralelo al proyecto de la secuenciación del genoma humano, se han desarrollado varias plataformas tecnológicas que están permitiendo ganar conocimiento sobre la estructura del genoma de las entidades humanas, así como evaluar su utilidad en el abordaje clínico del paciente. En la leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA), el cáncer infantil más común, las herramientas genómicas prometen ser útiles para detectar a los pacientes con alto riesgo de recaída, ya sea al diagnóstico o durante el tratamiento (enfermedad mínima residual), además de que permiten identificar los casos en riesgo de presentar reacciones adversas a los tratamientos antineoplásicos y ofrecer una medicina personalizada con esquemas terapéuticos diseñados a la medida del paciente. Un ejemplo claro de esto último es la identificación de polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido (SNPs) en el gen de la tiopurina metil transferasa (TPMT), donde la presencia de dos alelos nulos (homocigotos o heterocigotos compuestos) indica la necesidad de reducir la dosis de la mercaptopurina hasta en un 90% para evitar efectos tóxicos que pueden conducir a la muerte del paciente. En esta revisión se proporciona una visión global de la genómica de la LLA, describiendo algunas estrategias que contribuyen a la identificación de biomarcadores con potencial utilidad en la práctica clínica.
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- 2017
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39. La genómica: el nuevo horizonte de la medicina
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José Félix Patiño Restrepo
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genómica ,genética ,historia ,investigación en medicina traslacional ,Surgery ,RD1-811 - Published
- 2019
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40. Medicina de precisão/medicina personalizada: análise crítica dos movimentos de transformação da biomedicina no início do século XXI
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Jorge Alberto Bernstein Iriart
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Medicina de Precisão ,Medicina Personalizada ,Genômica ,Inovação ,Preparações Farmacêuticas ,Medicine ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
O grande desenvolvimento da pesquisa em genômica nas últimas décadas tem gerado muitas expectativas com relação ao seu impacto na biomedicina. Observa-se o crescente investimento em pesquisa na medicina personalizada ou de precisão, que busca customizar a prática médica com foco no indivíduo baseando-se na utilização de testes genéticos, identificação de biomarcadores e desenvolvimento de medicações alvo. O movimento da medicina personalizada ou de precisão, no entanto, é polêmico e tem suscitado um importante debate entre seus defensores e críticos. Este ensaio teve por objetivo discutir os pressupostos, promessas, limites e possibilidades da medicina personalizada ou de precisão com base em uma revisão da literatura recente situando o debate sobre o tema. A revisão aponta que muitas das promessas da medicina personalizada ou de precisão ainda não se concretizaram. Se por um lado houve enorme avanço no conhecimento sobre os mecanismos moleculares das patologias e o desenvolvimento de medicamentos que impactaram significativamente o tratamento de alguns tipos de câncer, até o momento não há evidências de que este padrão se reproduzirá em outras doenças complexas. A medicina personalizada ou de precisão deve gerar desenvolvimentos incrementais em áreas específicas da medicina, existindo, no entanto, vários obstáculos para sua generalização. O alto custo das novas biotecnologias pode agravar as desigualdades em saúde, tornando-se um problema para a sustentabilidade dos serviços de saúde, especialmente em países de média e baixa rendas. A ênfase na medicina personalizada ou de precisão pode levar ao deslocamento de recursos financeiros de iniciativas menos custosas e com maior impacto em saúde pública.
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- 2019
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41. Factores de riesgo y bases genéticas: el caso del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad
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Fernanda Martinhago, Nicolás José Lavagnino, Guillermo Folguera, and Sandra Caponi
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Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad ,Factores de Riesgo ,Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales ,Genética ,Genómica ,Medicine ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
El trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) es el trastorno mental considerado más frecuente en la infancia. Si bien su diagnóstico en el manual de psiquiatría hoy más utilizado en el mundo, el Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5), se basa en los comportamientos de desatención, hiperactividad e impulsividad, se encuentran numerosos intentos de describir las bases biológicas del trastorno para usarlos con fines de diagnóstico y como marcadores de riesgo. En este trabajo analizamos críticamente la validez de los estudios asociados a la búsqueda de marcadores genéticos para el TDAH. En primer lugar, se presenta la caracterización del TDAH en el manual DSM-5; luego, se desarrolla el vínculo entre el TDAH y los factores de riesgo y los marcadores genéticos; y, finalmente, se presentan algunas conclusiones en las que se señalan simplificaciones y omisiones que pueden tener consecuencias significativas.
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- 2019
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42. Las 'Ómicas' como herramienta en el estudio de la Salud Ambiental
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Claudia Muñoz Yañez, Marisela Rubio Andrade, Janeth O. Guangorena Gómez, Jorge A. Alegría Torres, and Gonzalo G. García Vargas
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salud ambiental ,"ómicas ,genómica ,proteómica ,metabolómica ,Medicine - Abstract
Las muertes provocadas por la contaminación ambiental son un problema de salud pública en incremento. La mayoría de las muertes prematuras provocadas por la contaminación son enfermedades no transmisibles, como enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, diabetes tipo 2, enfermedades cardiovasculares y cáncer. Estas son consideradas enfermedades complejas por su multicausalidad y los diversos mecanismos involucrados en su aparición y evolución. El conocimiento del mecanismo de producción de la enfermedad, y la identificación de biomarcadores asociados a enfermedad está avanzando gracias al avance de la tecnología, y específicamente de la tecnología aplicada a medición e interpretación de componentes moleculares: las tecnologías “ÓMICAS”. Estas han permitido identificar causas celulares de algunas enfermedades complejas: variantes genéticas de susceptibilidad o protección a agentes contaminantes (Genómica), así como cambios sobre el ADN (Epigenómica) y sus efectos en el proceso de transcripción de genes específicos de reparación, metabolismo o bien RNA no codificante asociado a enfermedades (Transcriptómica); además la Proteómica y la Metabolómica aportan constante información sobre las proteínas y metabolitos involucrados en los procesos de enfermedad. Paralelo al desarrollo de las tecnologías ómicas ha evolucionado la bioinformática, que ha permitido la interpretación de los resultados de mediciones de cientos de moléculas para organizarlos en redes que traducen las relaciones entre ellas. Las tecnologías ómicas se aplican principalmente para determinar modelos de riesgo de enfermedad en base a estudios poblacionales, pero también la información del genoma, transcriptoma, el epigenoma, el microbioma, el proteoma y el metaboloma se utilizarán para ayudar a descifrar la enfermedad a fin de facilitar el pronóstico y guiar el tratamiento de pacientes, ayudando a la medicina individualizada y medicina de precisión. Sin embargo, su aplicación clínica está aún limitada por el costo y las implicaciones técnicas, regulatorias y éticas.
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- 2018
43. Global evaluation of the fitness and virulence determinants in the phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum
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Pedro Jové, Roger de, Valls i Matheu, Marc, and Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística
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Genòmica ,Transcripció genètica ,Genetic transcription ,Phytopatogenic microorganisms ,Agricultural bacteriology ,Genomics ,Bacteriologia agrícola ,Microorganismes fitopatògens - Abstract
[eng] Losses to plant pathogens pose a major threat to global agriculture and food security worldwide. In the context of globalisation and climate change, the emergence and dispersion of pathogens resistant to conventional management strategies causes destructive outbreaks. One of the most important bacterial phytopathogen is R. solanacearum, the causal agent of the bacterial wilt disease, infecting over 200 plant species. R. solanacearum colonises the vascular system of the plants and blocks the water flow by secreting exopolysaccharides, which causes the wilting symptoms. Moreover, it can persist and easily disperse through contaminated soil and waterways. Many different virulence factors have been studied to date but a comprehensive understanding of the transcriptional regulation during the life cycle of this pathogen is lacking. The huge genetic and phenotypic variability of this traditionally tropical pathogen has led to its spread and establishment in temperate regions. To prevent its dispersal and design efficient management strategies, inexistent to date, a thorough understanding of the pathogen infection and dispersion process is of paramount importance. In this thesis we set to characterise the transcriptomic landscape of R. solanacearum to unravel novel virulence and fitness determinants deployed by the pathogen throughout its life cycle. In the first two chapters, we studied the gene expression profile of the bacterium during in different stages of plant infection (Chapter 1 or C1) and the environmental soil and water stages (Chapter 2 or C2). Overall, we have identified a dynamic expression profile of different metabolism and virulence genes along the life cycle of the pathogen. Consistent with previous analysis, we identified that the Type III secretion system (T3SS) is also transcriptionally active at late stages of infection but also in water. Interestingly, we identified the alkali pH as a cue triggering T3SS expression in water, which links to the pH alkalinisation along infection inside the plant. Moreover, we validated the expression of different virulence factors in planta such as the flagellar or T4P motility along infection. In soil, we identified the expression of multiple metabolic pathways and stress-related genes that are required for the life of the bacterium in the soil. Among them, we described the induction of genes related to lignin degradation, and alternative metabolic pathways to synthetise carbon molecules related to stress tolerance. The last two chapters have the objective to characterise and describe specific genes potentially involved in virulence and/or fitness of R. solanacearum. In Chapter 3 (C3), we studied the role of the catalase KatE in detail. We proved its importance for the detoxification of the hydrogen peroxide but discovered that, possibly to redundancy, its mutation has no biological effect on the virulence or the life of the bacterium inside the plant. Finally, in Chapter 4 (C4), we took a different approach studying the secretome of R. solanacearum inside the apoplast and xylem sap of the plant. Many potential proteins related to virulence were discovered but we focused on the description of the S8 serine protease protein family. Preliminary results suggest that highly accumulated S8 proteases might be involved in the life of the bacterium inside the plant. To sum up, this thesis provides with a solid background to further study and characterise virulence and fitness factors important for the life cycle of the bacterium. Additionally, we started the description and characterisation of different potential virulence factors important for the bacterium. All this information might be of use in the future to have a comprehensive knowledge of the pathogen and to design novel and efficient management and control strategies., [cat] Les pèrdues causades per patògens de plantes són una gran amenaça per a l'agricultura i la seguretat alimentària en tot el món. En el context de la globalització i el canvi climàtic, l'aparició i la dispersió de patògens resistents a les estratègies de control convencionals provoquen brots destructius. Un dels fitopatògens bacterians més importants és R. solanacearum, l'agent causal de la malaltia del marciment bacterià, que afecta a més de 200 espècies de plantes. R. solanacearum colonitza el sistema vascular de les plantes i bloqueja el flux d'aigua secretant exopolisacàrids, el que provoca el marciment. A més, pot persistir i dispersar-se fàcilment a través del sòl i les vies d'aigua contaminades. S'han estudiat molts factors de virulència diferents, però manca una comprensió exhaustiva de la regulació transcripcional durant el cicle de vida d'aquest patogen. La gran variabilitat genètica i fenotípica d'aquest patogen tradicionalment tropical ha portat a la seva propagació i establiment en regions temperades. Per prevenir la seva dispersió i dissenyar estratègies de gestió eficients, inexistents fins ara, és de vital importància comprendre a fons el procés d'infecció i dispersió del patogen. En aquesta tesi ens vam proposar caracteritzar el paisatge transcriptòmic de R. solanacearum per desxifrar nous determinants de virulència i d’eficàcia biològica desplegats pel patogen durant tot el seu cicle de vida. En els dos primers capítols, vam estudiar el perfil d'expressió gènica del bacteri durant diferents etapes d'infecció de les plantes (Capítol 1 o C1) i de les etapes ambientals del sòl i l'aigua (Capítol 2 o C2). En general, hem identificat un perfil d'expressió dinàmic de diferents gens de metabolisme i virulència al llarg del cicle de vida del patogen. Consistent amb anàlisis anteriors, vam identificar que el sistema de secreció de tipus III (T3SS) també està transcripcionalment actiu en les etapes tardanes de la infecció i, inesperadament, també a l'aigua. Curiosament, vam identificar el pH alcalí com un senyal que activa l'expressió del T3SS a l'aigua, que pot estar relacionada amb l'alcalinització del pH durant la infecció dins de la planta. A més, vam validar l'expressió de diferents factors de virulència en planta, com la motilitat flagel·lar o T4P durant la infecció. Al sòl, vam identificar l'expressió de múltiples vies metabòliques i gens relacionats amb l'estrès que són necessaris per a la vida de la bacteri al sòl. Entre ells, vam descriure la inducció de gens relacionats amb la degradació de la lignina i vies metabòliques alternatives per sintetitzar molècules de carboni relacionades amb la tolerància a l'estrès. Els dos últims capítols tenen com a objectiu caracteritzar i descriure gens específics potencialment implicats en la virulència i/o la supervivència de R. solanacearum. Al Capítol 3 (C3), vam estudiar detalladament el paper de la catalasa KatE. Vam demostrar la seva importància per a la detoxificació del peròxid d’hidrogen, però vam descobrir que, possiblement degut a la redundància, la seva mutació no té cap efecte biològic en la virulència o en la vida de la bacteri a l'interior de la planta. Finalment, al Capítol 4 (C4), vam adoptar una aproximació diferent estudiant el secretoma de R. solanacearum dins l'apoplast i el xilema de la planta. Es van identificar moltes proteïnes potencials relacionades amb la virulència, però ens vam centrar en la descripció de la família de proteïnes de proteases serina S8. Els resultats preliminars suggereixen que les proteases S8, altament acumulades durant la infecció, podrien estar involucrades en la vida de la bacteri dins de la planta. En resum, aquesta tesi proporciona un fonament sòlid per estudiar i caracteritzar factors de virulència i supervivència importants per al cicle de vida del bacteri. A més, hem iniciat la descripció i caracterització de diferents factors de virulència potencials importants per a la bacteri. Tota aquesta informació podria ser útil en el futur per tenir un coneixement exhaustiu del patogen i dissenyar noves estratègies eficients de gestió i control de la malaltia.
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- 2023
44. Evolutionary trajectories of new duplicated and putative de novo genes
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José Carlos Montañés, Marta Huertas, Xavier Messeguer, M Mar Albà, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciències de la Computació, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ALBCOM - Algorísmia, Bioinformàtica, Complexitat i Mètodes Formals
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Informàtica::Aplicacions de la informàtica::Bioinformàtica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Genòmica ,Gene duplication ,De novo gene ,Genetics ,Genomics ,Molecular Biology ,Gene family ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Phylogeny - Abstract
The formation of new genes during evolution is an important motor of functional innovation, but the rate at which new genes originate and the likelihood that they persist over longer evolutionary periods are still poorly understood questions. Two important mechanisms by which new genes arise are gene duplication and de novo formation from a previously noncoding sequence. Does the mechanism of formation influence the evolutionary trajectories of the genes? Proteins arisen by gene duplication retain the sequence and structural properties of the parental protein, and thus they may be relatively stable. Instead, de novo originated proteins are often species specific and thought to be more evolutionary labile. Despite these differences, here we show that both types of genes share a number of similarities, including low sequence constraints in their initial evolutionary phases, high turnover rates at the species level, and comparable persistence rates in deeper branchers, in both yeast and flies. In addition, we show that putative de novo proteins have an excess of substitutions between charged amino acids compared with the neutral expectation, which is reflected in the rapid loss of their initial highly basic character. The study supports high evolutionary dynamics of different kinds of new genes at the species level, in sharp contrast with the stability observed at later stages. We acknowledge funding from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Agencia Estatal de Investigación grant PGC2018-094091-B-I00 (cofunded by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional), as well as grants PID2021-122726NB-I00 and PID2021-122830OB-C43 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF: A way of making Europe”, by the “European Union”. We also acknowledge funding from Generalitat de Catalunya, grant 2021SGR00042. The work was also funded by the European Union (ERC, NovoGenePop, project number 101052538).
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- 2023
45. Analysis of the P. lividus sea urchin genome highlights contrasting trends of genomic and regulatory evolution in deuterostomes
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Ferdinand Marlétaz, Arnaud Couloux, Julie Poulain, Karine Labadie, Corinne Da Silva, Sophie Mangenot, Benjamin Noel, Albert J. Poustka, Philippe Dru, Cinta Pegueroles, Marco Borra, Elijah K. Lowe, Guy Lhomond, Lydia Besnardeau, Stéphanie Le Gras, Tao Ye, Daria Gavriouchkina, Roberta Russo, Caterina Costa, Francesca Zito, Letizia Anello, Aldo Nicosia, Maria Antonietta Ragusa, Marta Pascual, M. Dolores Molina, Aline Chessel, Marta Di Carlo, Xavier Turon, Richard R. Copley, Jean-Yves Exposito, Pedro Martinez, Vincenzo Cavalieri, Smadar Ben Tabou de Leon, Jenifer Croce, Paola Oliveri, Valeria Matranga, Maria Di Bernardo, Julia Morales, Patrick Cormier, Anne-Marie Geneviève, Jean Marc Aury, Valérie Barbe, Patrick Wincker, Maria Ina Arnone, Christian Gache, Thierry Lepage, Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche sur mer (LBDV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LBDV_EVOINSIDE (EvoInside), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Valrose (IBV), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'ingénierie Thérapeutique UMR 5305 (LBTI), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins (LBI2M), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie intégrative des organismes marins (BIOM), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB)
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[SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics ,Eriçons de mar ,Genòmica ,[SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN] ,Genetics ,Epigenetics ,Genomics ,Gene expression ,Epigenètica ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,Expressió gènica ,Sea urchins ,Article - Abstract
International audience; Sea urchins are emblematic models in developmental biology and display several characteristics that set them apart from other deuterostomes. To uncover the genomic cues that may underlie these specificities, we generated a chromosome-scale genome assembly for the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and an extensive gene expression and epigenetic profiles of its embryonic development. We found that, unlike vertebrates, sea urchins retained ancestral chromosomal linkages but underwent very fast intrachromosomal gene order mixing. We identified a burst of gene duplication in the echinoid lineage and showed that some of these expanded genes have been recruited in novel structures (water vascular system, Aristotle’s lantern, and skeletogenic micromere lineage). Finally, we identified gene-regulatory modules conserved between sea urchins and chordates. Our results suggest that gene-regulatory networks controlling development can be conserved despite extensive gene order rearrangement.
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- 2023
46. Porting and optimizing BWA-MEM2 using the Fujitsu A64FX processor
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Rubén Langarita, Adrià Armejach, Pablo Ibáñez, Jesús Alastruey-Benedé, Miquel Moretó, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Arquitectura de Computadors
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Informàtica::Aplicacions de la informàtica::Bioinformàtica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,BWA-MEM2 ,Genòmica ,A64FX ,Sequence alignment ,Intel skylake ,Applied Mathematics ,Genetics ,Read mapping ,Genomics ,Informàtica::Arquitectura de computadors [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,SVE ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Sequence alignment pipelines for human genomes are an emerging workload that will dominate in the precision medicine field. BWA-MEM2 is a tool widely used in the scientific community to perform read mapping studies. In this paper, we port BWA-MEM2 to the AArch64 architecture using the ARMv8-A specification, and we compare the resulting version against an Intel Skylake system both in performance and in energy-to-solution. The porting effort entails numerous code modifications, since BWA-MEM2 implements certain kernels using x86_64 specific intrinsics, e.g., AVX-512. To adapt this code we use the recently introduced Arm's Scalable Vector Extensions (SVE). More specifically, we use Fujitsu's A64FX processor, the first to implement SVE. The A64FX powers the Fugaku Supercomputer that led the Top500 ranking from June 2020 to November 2021. After porting BWA-MEM2 we define and implement a number of optimizations to improve performance in the A64FX target architecture. We show that while the A64FX performance is lower than that of the Skylake system, A64FX delivers 11.6% better energy-to-solution on average. All the code used for this article is available at https://gitlab.bsc.es/rlangari/bwa-a64fx This work has been partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (contracts PID2019-107255GB-C21 / AEI /10.13039/501100011033 and PID2019-105660RB-C21 / AEI / 10.13039/501100011033), Gobierno de Aragon (T5820R research group), the Generalitat de Catalunya (contracts 2017-SGR-1328 and 2017-SGR1414), and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Mont-Blanc 2020 project, grant agreement 779877). Finally, A. Armejach and M. Moreto have been partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness under Juan de la Cierva fellowship no. IJCI-2017-33945 and Ramon y Cajal fellowship no. RYC-2016-21104, respectively.
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- 2023
47. Genomics of perivascular space burden unravels early mechanisms of cerebral small vessel disease
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Duperron, Marie-Gabrielle, Knol, Maria, Le Grand, Quentin, Evans, Tavia, Mishra, Aniket, Tsuchida, Ami, Delgado Martínez, Maria Pilar, Institut Català de la Salut, [Duperron MG] Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux, France. Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France. [Knol MJ] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. [Le Grand Q, Mishra A] Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux, France. [Evans TE] Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. [Tsuchida A] Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux, France. Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionelle - Institut des maladies neurodégénératives (GIN-IMN), University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Bordeaux, France. [Delgado P] Laboratori de Recerca Neurovascular, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. Servei de Neurologia, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus
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Genòmica ,Nervous System Diseases::Central Nervous System Diseases::Brain Diseases::Cerebrovascular Disorders::Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases [DISEASES] ,Natural Science Disciplines::Biological Science Disciplines::Biology::Computational Biology::Genomics [DISCIPLINES AND OCCUPATIONS] ,Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Diagnostic Imaging::Tomography::Magnetic Resonance Imaging [ANALYTICAL, DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES, AND EQUIPMENT] ,disciplinas de las ciencias naturales::disciplinas de las ciencias biológicas::biología::biología computacional::genómica [DISCIPLINAS Y OCUPACIONES] ,enfermedades del sistema nervioso::enfermedades del sistema nervioso central::enfermedades cerebrales::trastornos cerebrovasculares::enfermedades de los pequeños vasos cerebrales [ENFERMEDADES] ,Malalties cerebrovasculars - Aspectes genètics ,diagnóstico::técnicas y procedimientos diagnósticos::diagnóstico por imagen::tomografía::imagen por resonancia magnética [TÉCNICAS Y EQUIPOS ANALÍTICOS, DIAGNÓSTICOS Y TERAPÉUTICOS] ,Malalties cerebrovasculars - Imatgeria per ressonància magnètica - Abstract
Genomics; Perivascular space Genòmica; Espai perivascular Genómica; Espacio perivascular Perivascular space (PVS) burden is an emerging, poorly understood, magnetic resonance imaging marker of cerebral small vessel disease, a leading cause of stroke and dementia. Genome-wide association studies in up to 40,095 participants (18 population-based cohorts, 66.3 ± 8.6 yr, 96.9% European ancestry) revealed 24 genome-wide significant PVS risk loci, mainly in the white matter. These were associated with white matter PVS already in young adults (N = 1,748; 22.1 ± 2.3 yr) and were enriched in early-onset leukodystrophy genes and genes expressed in fetal brain endothelial cells, suggesting early-life mechanisms. In total, 53% of white matter PVS risk loci showed nominally significant associations (27% after multiple-testing correction) in a Japanese population-based cohort (N = 2,862; 68.3 ± 5.3 yr). Mendelian randomization supported causal associations of high blood pressure with basal ganglia and hippocampal PVS, and of basal ganglia PVS and hippocampal PVS with stroke, accounting for blood pressure. Our findings provide insight into the biology of PVS and cerebral small vessel disease, pointing to pathways involving extracellular matrix, membrane transport and developmental processes, and the potential for genetically informed prioritization of drug targets. Austrian Stroke Prevention Study (ASPS)/Austrian Stroke Prevention Family Study (ASPS-Fam) (E.H., P.G.G., H.S. and R.S.): We thank the staff and the participants for their valuable contributions. We thank B. Reinhart for her long-term administrative commitment, E. Hofer for the technical assistance in creating the DNA bank, J. Semmler and A. Harb for DNA sequencing and DNA analyses by TaqMan assays, and I. Poelzl for supervising the quality management processes after ISO9001 in the biobanking and DNA analyses. The Medical University of Graz and the Steiermärkische Krankenanstaltengesellschaft support the databank of the ASPS/ASPS-Fam. The research reported in this article was funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (grant nos. PI904, P20545-P05 and P13180) and supported by the Austrian National Bank Anniversary Fund (grant no. P15435) and the Austrian Ministry of Science under the aegis of the EU Joint Programme–Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND): www.jpnd.eu. Epidemiology of Dementia in Singapore (EDIS) (S.H., C.Chen, C.-Y.C., T.Y.W. and W.Z.): The EDIS study is supported by the National Medical Research Council (NMRC), Singapore (NMRC/CG/NUHS/2010 (grant no. R-184-006-184-511), NMRC/CSA/038/2013) and a Ministry of Education Tier 1 grant (no. A-0006106-00-00). Framingham Heart Study (FHS) (J.R.R., A.B., J.J.H., S.L., P.P., C.L.S., Q.Y. and S.Seshadri): This work was supported by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s FHS Contract (no. N01-HC-25195, no. HHSN268201500001I and no. 75N92019D00031). This study was also supported by grants from the National Institute of Aging (R01 grant nos. AG031287, AG054076, AG049607, AG059421, AG059725; U01 grant nos. AG049505, AG052409) and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01 grant no. NS017950). Funding for SHARe Affymetrix genotyping was provided by NHLBI Contract no. N02-HL64278. The computational work reported in this paper was performed on the Shared Computing Cluster which is administered by Boston University’s Research Computing Services. We also thank all the FHS study participants. Internet-based Students’ Health Research Enterprise (i-Share) study (C.B., J.Z., M.M., Q.LG., S. Schilling, Y.-C.Z., A.Tsuchida, M.-G.D., B.M., S.D. and C.T.): The i-Share study is conducted by the Universities of Bordeaux and Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (France). The i-Share study has received funding by the French National Agency (Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR), via the Investment for the Future program (grant nos. ANR-10-COHO-05 and ANR-18-RHUS-0002) and from the University of Bordeaux Initiative of Exellence (IdEX). This project has also received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 640643 and from the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (grant no. DIC202161236446). Q.L.G. was supported by the Digital Public Health Graduate Program (DPH), a PhD program supported by the French Investment for the Future Program (grant no. 17-EURE-0019). Investigating Silent Strokes in Hypertensives: a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study (ISSYS) (P.D., C.C. and I.F.-C.): This research was funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant nos. PI10/0705, PI14/01535, PI17/02222), cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund. Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936) (M.L., M.E.B., I.J.D., Z.M., S.M.M., M.C.V.H. and J.M.W.): We thank the LBC1936 cohort members and research staff involved in data collection, processing and preparation. The LBC1936 is supported by Age UK (Disconnected Mind program grant). The work was undertaken by The University of Edinburgh Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, part of the cross-council Lifelong Health and Wellbeing Initiative (grant no. MR/K026992/1). The brain imaging was performed in the Brain Research Imaging Centre (www.bric.ed.ac.uk), a center in the SINAPSE Collaboration (www.sinapse.ac.uk) supported by the Scottish Funding Council and Chief Scientist Office. Funding from the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), the UK Medical Research Council (MRC), the Row Fogo Charitable Trust (M.C.V.H.) and the UK Dementia Research Institute, which receives its funding from the UK Medical Research Council, Alzheimer’s Society and Alzheimer’s Research UK (J.M.W.), is gratefully acknowledged. Genotyping was supported by a grant from the BBSRC (no. BB/F019394/1). The Nagahama Study (T.K., S.M., M.O., K.S., Y.T., K.Y., A.Tsuchida, P.B., B.M., M.J., M.-G.D. and F.M.): We are grateful to the Nagahama City Office and nonprofit organization Zeroji Club for their help in conducting the study. This project is supported by operational funds of Kyoto University and the Top Global University Project of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) in Japan. We also received a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, research grants from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development for the Practical Research Project for Rare/Intractable Diseases, and the Comprehensive Research on Aging and Health Science for Dementia R&D. We thank C. Galmiche for rating PVS in the validation dataset for the artificial intelligence-based method. The Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS) (N.D.D., T.J. and R.L.S.): We gratefully acknowledge and thank the NOMAS participants. Funding was awarded through grants from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01 grant no. NS 29993) and the Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute. Rotterdam Study (M.J.K., F.D., M.W.V., M.A.I. and H.H.H.A.): The Rotterdam Study is funded by Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw), the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE), the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports, the European Commission (DG XII), and the Municipality of Rotterdam. The authors are grateful to the study participants, the staff from the Rotterdam Study and the participating general practitioners and pharmacists. The generation and management of GWAS genotype data for the Rotterdam Study (RS I, RS II, RS III) were executed by the Human Genotyping Facility of the Genetic Laboratory of the Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The GWAS datasets are supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) Investments (no. 175.010.2005.011, 911-03-012), the Genetic Laboratory of the Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (grant no. 014-93-015; RIDE2), the Netherlands Genomics Initiative/NWO, the Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, project no. 050-060-810. We thank P. Arp, M. Jhamai, M. Verkerk, L. Herrera, M. Peters and C. Medina-Gomez for their help in creating the GWAS database; and K. Estrada, Y. Aulchenko and C. Medina-Gomez for the creation and analysis of imputed data. H.H.H.A. is supported by ZonMW grant no. 916.19.151. Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) (S.F., R.B., A.T., K.W., H.J.G. and U.V.): SHIP is part of the Community Medicine Research net (CMR) (http://www.medizin.uni-greifswald.de/icm) of the University Medicine Greifswald, which is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant nos. 01ZZ9603, 01ZZ0103 and 01ZZ0403), the Ministry of Cultural Affairs as well as the Social Ministry of the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania, and the network ‘Greifswald Approach to Individualized Medicine (GANI_MED)’ funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant no. 03IS2061A). Genome-wide data have been supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant no. 03ZIK012) and a joint grant from Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany and the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania. The University of Greifswald is a member of the Caché Campus program of the InterSystems GmbH. This study was further supported by the EU-JPND Funding for BRIDGET (grant no. FKZ:01ED1615). H.J.G. has received travel grants and speakers’ honoraria from Fresenius Medical Care, Servier, Neuraxpharm and Janssen Cilag, as well as research funding from Fresenius Medical Care. Sydney Memory and Ageing Study (MAS) & Older Australian Twins Study (OATS) (R.M.T., N.J.A., H.B., J.J., M.P., A.T., J.N.T., P.S.S., W.W., K.A.M. and M.J.W.): Sydney MAS: The Sydney MAS has been funded by three National Health & Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Program Grants (grant nos. ID350833, ID568969 and APP1093083). Collection of WGS data was supported by the NHMRC National Institute for Dementia Research Grants no. APP1115575 and no. APP1115462. MRI scans were processed with the support of NHMRC Project Grants (grant nos. 510175 and 1025243) and an Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Project Grant (no. DP0774213) and the John Holden Family Foundation. We also thank the MRI Facility at NeuRA. We thank the participants and their informants for their time and generosity in contributing to this research. We also acknowledge the MAS research team: https://cheba.unsw.edu.au/research-projects/sydney-memory-and-ageing-study. OATS: The OATS study has been funded by an NHMRC and ARC Strategic Award Grant of the Ageing Well, Ageing Productively Program (grant no. 401162); NHMRC Project (seed) Grants (grant nos. 1024224 and 1025243); NHMRC Project Grants (grant nos. 1045325 and 1085606); and NHMRC Program Grants (grant nos. 568969 and 1093083). Collection of WGS data was supported by the NHMRC National Institute for Dementia Research Grants no. APP1115575 and no. APP1115462. This research was facilitated through access to Twins Research Australia, a national resource supported by a Centre of Research Excellence Grant (no. 1079102) from the National Health and Medical Research Council. We thank the participants for their time and generosity in contributing to this research. We acknowledge the contribution of the OATS research team (https://cheba.unsw.edu.au/project/older-australian-twins-study) to this study. Three-City Dijon Study (3C-Dijon) (S.D., M.-G.D., S. Schilling, C.T., B.M. and A.M.): This project is supported by a grant overseen by the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the ‘Investment for the Future Program’ no. ANR-18-RHUS-0002. It is also supported by a JPND project through the following funding organizations under the aegis of JPND: www.jpnd.eu: Australia, National Health and Medical Research Council; Austria, Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy; Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research; France, French National Research Agency; Germany, Federal Ministry of Education and Research; the Netherlands, the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development; United Kingdom, Medical Research Council. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement nos. 643417, 640643, 667375 and 754517. The project also received funding from the French National Research Agency (ANR) through the VASCOGENE and SHIVA projects, and from the Initiative of Excellence of the University of Bordeaux (C-SMART project). Computations were performed on the Bordeaux Bioinformatics Center (CBiB) computer resources, University of Bordeaux. Funding support for additional computer resources at the CREDIM (Centre de Recherche et Développement en Informatique Médicale, University of Bordeaux) has been provided to S.D. by the Fondation Claude Pompidou. The Three-City (3C) Study: The 3C Study is conducted under a partnership agreement among the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), the University of Bordeaux and Sanofi-Aventis. The Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale funded the preparation and initiation of the study. The 3C Study is also supported by the Caisse Nationale Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés, Direction Générale de la Santé, Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale (MGEN), Institut de la Longévité, Conseils Régionaux of Aquitaine and Bourgogne, Fondation de France and Ministry of Research–INSERM program ‘Cohortes et collections de données biologiques.’ C.T. and S.D. have received investigator-initiated research funding from the French National Research Agency (ANR) and from the Fondation Leducq. M.-G.D. received a grant from the ‘Fondation Bettencourt Schueller’. We thank P. Amouyel, U1167 Institut Pasteur de Lille - University of Lille - Inserm, for supporting funding of genome-wide genotyping of the 3C Study. This work was supported by the National Foundation for Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders, the Institut Pasteur de Lille, the labex DISTALZ and the Centre National de Génotypage. We thank A. Boland (CNG) for her technical help in preparing the DNA samples for analyses. UK Biobank (UKB) (M.J.K., F.D., M.W.V., M.A.I., H.H.H.A., A.M. and T.E.): This research has been conducted using the UK Resource under application no. 23509. McGill Genome Center (M.B., P.M., G.B. and M.Lathrop): Work done at the Canadian Center for Computational Genomics was supported by Genome Canada. Data analyses were enabled by computing and storage resources provided by Compute Canada and Calcul Québec. G.B. is supported by the Fonds de Recherche Santé Québec and the Canada Research Chair program. We thank all the participating cohorts for contributing to this study. We thank H. Jacqmin-Gadda, Bordeaux Population Health research center, University of Bordeaux/Inserm U1219 for statistical advice. We thank J. Thomas-Crusells, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux/Inserm U1219, for editorial assistance. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.
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48. Development and application of methodologies and infrastructures for cancer genome analysis within Personalized Medicine
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Royo Garrido, Romina, Torrents Arenales, David, Gelpí Buchaca, Josep Lluís, and Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular
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Genòmica ,Bioinformàtica ,Bioinformatics ,Leucèmia limfocítica crònica ,Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ,Medicina personalitzada ,Genomics ,Càncer ,Personalized medicine ,Cancer - Abstract
[eng] Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized biomedical sciences, especially in the area of cancer. It has nourished genomic research with extensive collections of sequenced genomes that are investigated to untangle the molecular bases of disease, as well as to identify potential targets for the design of new treatments. To exploit all this information, several initiatives have emerged worldwide, among which the Pan-Cancer project of the ICGC (International Cancer Genome Consortium) stands out. This project has jointly analyzed thousands of tumor genomes of different cancer types in order to elucidate the molecular bases of the origin and progression of cancer. To accomplish this task, new emerging technologies, including virtualization systems such as virtual machines or software containers, were used and had to be adapted to various computing centers. The portability of this system to the supercomputing infrastructure of the BSC (Barcelona Supercomputing Center) has been carried out during the first phase of the thesis. In parallel, other projects promote the application of genomics discoveries into the clinics. This is the case of MedPerCan, a national initiative to design a pilot project for the implementation of personalized medicine in oncology in Catalonia. In this context, we have centered our efforts on the methodological side, focusing on the detection and characterization of somatic variants in tumors. This step is a challenging action, due to the heterogeneity of the different methods, and an essential part, as it lays at the basis of all downstream analyses. On top of the methodological section of the thesis, we got into the biological interpretation of the results to study the evolution of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in a close collaboration with the group of Dr. Elías Campo from the Hospital Clínic/IDIBAPS. In the first study, we have focused on the Richter transformation (RT), a transformation of CLL into a high-grade lymphoma that leads to a very poor prognosis and with unmet clinical needs. We found that RT has greater genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic complexity than CLL. Its genome may reflect the imprint of therapies that the patients received prior to RT, indicating the presence of cells exposed to these mutagenic treatments which later expand giving rise to the clinical manifestation of the disease. Multiple NGS- based techniques, including whole-genome sequencing and single-cell DNA and RNA sequencing, among others, confirmed the pre-existence of cells with the RT characteristics years before their manifestation, up to the time of CLL diagnosis. The transcriptomic profile of RT is remarkably different from that of CLL. Of particular importance is the overexpression of the OXPHOS pathway, which could be used as a therapeutic vulnerability. Finally, in a second study, the analysis of a case of CLL in a young adult, based on whole genome and single-cell sequencing at different times of the disease, revealed that the founder clone of CLL did not present any somatic driver mutations and was characterized by germline variants in ATM, suggesting its role in the origin of the disease, and highlighting the possible contribution of germline variants or other non-genetic mechanisms in the initiation of CLL.
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49. Structural Diversity among Edwardsiellaceae Core Oligosaccharides
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Maria Jordán, Sylwia Wojtys-Tekiel, Susana Merino, Juan M. Tomás, and Marta Kaszowska
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Bacteris gramnegatius ,Organic Chemistry ,Oligosaccharides ,General Medicine ,Genomics ,Espectroscòpia de ressonància magnètica nuclear ,Catalysis ,Computer Science Applications ,Inorganic Chemistry ,genomic ,core oligosaccharide ,Genòmica ,NMR spectroscopy ,Gram-negative bacteria ,Edwardsiellaea ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Molecular Biology ,Spectroscopy ,Oligosacàrids ,Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy - Abstract
The Edwardsiella genus presents five different pathogenic species: Edwardsiella tarda, E. anguillarum, E. piscicida, E. hoshinae and E. ictaluri. These species cause infections mainly in fish, but they can also infect reptiles, birds or humans. Lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of these bacteria. For the first time, the chemical structure and genomics of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core oligosaccharides of E. piscicida, E. anguillarum, E. hoshinae and E. ictaluri were studied. The complete gene assignments for all core biosynthesis gene functions were acquired. The structure of core oligosaccharides was investigated by ¹H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The structures of E. piscicida and E. anguillarum core oligosaccharides show the presence of →3,4)-L-glycero-α-D-manno-Hepp, two terminal β-D-Glcp, →2,3,7)-L-glycero-α-D-manno-Hepp, →7)-L-glycero-α-D-manno-Hepp, terminal α-D-GlcpN, two →4)-α-D-GalpA, → 3)-α-D-GlcpNAc, terminal β-D-Galp and →5-substituted Kdo. E. hoshinare core oligosaccharide shows only one terminal β-D-Glcp, and instead of terminal β-D-Galp a terminal α-D-GlcpNAc. E. ictaluri core oligosaccharide shows only one terminal β-D-Glcp, one →4)-α-D-GalpA and do not have terminal α-D-GlcpN (see complementary figure).
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- 2023
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50. Determining the Three-dimensional Structure of Genomes and Genomic Domains Integrating Chromosome Conformation Capture Data and Microscopy Images
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Castillo Andreo, David, Martí-Renom, Marc A., and Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística
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Microscòpia ,Genòmica ,Microscopy ,Human genome ,Genomics ,Genoma humà - Abstract
[eng] Microscopy and Chromosome Conformation Capture (3C) are the two main techniques for studying the three-dimensional (3D) organization of the genome. Microscopy, allowing the visualization of genomic loci in individual nuclei, pioneered the field of structural genomics and became the gold-standard for the validation of new discoveries. 3C and 3C-based techniques, identifying the number of contacts between pairs of genomic loci, have already been key to unveil the importance of the 3D genome organization in many cellular processes. Both techniques are continuously evolving pushing forward the technologies and giving rise to innovative assays that require the support of new computational methods for data collection, analysis and modeling. In this thesis, I have contributed to provide these essential computational methods to the Structural Genomics community. In Microscopy, I participated in the design and implementation of OligoFISSEQ, a novel multiplexing imaging technology to visualize multiple genomic regions in hundreds and thousands of individual cells. In 3C-based techniques, I contributed to the development of a tool for the reconstruction of the 3D organization of chromatin from highly-sparse 3C-based datasets (e.g. Promoter Capture Hi-C). Finally, I have introduced pTADbit, a novel approach for the reconstruction of the 3D Genome organization integrating both Microscopy and 3C data via the application of Machine Learning methods.
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- 2023
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