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To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00385.x Byline: Saskia R. G. Schalk-Soekar (a1), Fons J. R. Van de Vijver (b) Abstract: The current study examined the concept of multiculturalism as seen by 1,285 Dutch majority members, and tested its expected relation with acculturation and intergroup relations aspects. The concepts of multiculturalism and acculturation were unidimensional. Dutch majority members were slightly positive (almost neutral) toward multiculturalism, and saw both its advantages and disadvantages. They preferred immigrants to adapt as much as possible, and they perceived a norm that they should approve the immigrant's way of living. A path model showed that acculturation orientations and intergroup relations aspects (perceived social norms/social distance) predicted multicultural attitudes. Furthermore, multicultural attitudes predicted contact with and knowledge about immigrants. Finally, level of education and perceived opportunities in society were positively associated with multicultural attitudes. Author Affiliation: (a)Radboud University Nijmegen, Medical CentreNijmegen, The Netherlands (b)Tilburg University, The NetherlandsandNorth-West UniversityPotchefstroom, South Africa Article note: (1) Saskia R. G. Schalk-Soekar, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Vocational Training & Centre for Quality and Care Research, 166 VOHA, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. E-mail: S.Schalk-Soekar@voha.umcn.nl

To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2451.2009.00698.x Byline: Saskia R. G. Schalk-Soekar (1), Seger M. Breugelmans (2), Fons J. R. van de Vijver (3) Abstract: A study on the support for multiculturalism was carried out among 250 members of the majority group in a Dutch city. The concept of multiculturalism was found to be one-dimensional. The e2nd2orsement of multiculturalism was moderate and varied across domains; the respondents were neutral towards the (dis)approval of cultural diversity and the acculturation strategies of majority group members, positive towards equal societal participation and interaction between majority group members and immigrants, and negative about the acculturation strategies of immigrants. Further, gender, age and income showed no influence on multiculturalism, while education had a positive effect. The present study replicated an earlier study (in 1999) carried out before the murder on Fortuyn (a Dutch politician). The previous and current studies found identical scores on multiculturalism. Author Affiliation: (1)Department of Vocational Training and Centre for Quality and Care Research, Radboud University Nijmegen. 166 Voha, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (2)Babylon, Tilburg University, The Netherlands. PO Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands (3)Department of Cross-cultural Psychology, Tilburg University. PO Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands.

To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2007.00222.x Byline: Judit Arends-Toth (a2), Fons J. R. Van de Vijver (b) Abstract: Three measurement methods (1, 2, or 4 statements) to assess acculturation attitudes were compared in 2 studies involving Turkish immigrants in The Netherlands. Each measurement method revealed support for differentiation between acculturation in the public and the private domains. The Turkish culture was more valued than the Dutch culture in the private domain, while both cultures were about equally favored in the public domain. A direct comparison of the 3 measurement methods found evidence for a general method factor on which all 3 measurement methods loaded, and an acculturation attitude factor with positive loadings for 2 indicators (private and public domains). The 2-statement measurement method addressing public and private life domains was found to provide a short, though comprehensive instrument. Author Affiliation: (a)Tilburg University Tilburg, The Netherlands (b)Tilburg University Tilburg, The Netherlands and North-West University Potchefstroom, South Africa Article note: (2) Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Judit Arends-Toth and Fons J. R. van de Vijver, Department of Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands. E-mail: j.v.arends@uvt.nl and fons.vandevijver@uvt.nl

Theoretical variables were examined for their empirical relevance as precursors of safer-sex behavior in 2,011 Mexican adolescents, most of whom were not sexually experienced. Using structural equation modeling, a good fit was found for a path model with (a) partner communication and intention to use condoms as outcome variables; (b) sell-esteem, self-efficacy, and decision making as antecedent variables; and (c) perceived norms about sexual practices, attitudes toward condom use, and knowledge of HIV as mediating variables. A good fit also was found for a slightly elaborated model involving condom use as outcome variable that was fitted in a subsample with 319 adolescents who reported sexual experience. Gender differences are discussed, as well as implications for intervention programs promoting safer-sex behaviors.

In Arabic, there are two ways, differing in length, of pronouncing each digit. This feature of word pairs that are conceptually identical but of different length allows for a stricter test of the phonological loop hypothesis than has been reported previously. Libyan schoolchildren, both boys and girls, of two grades took part in a quasi-experimental study in which shorter and longer digits and shorter and longer words were presented in recall and pronunciation tasks. The results confirmed the validity of the phonological loop model in that memory span was longer for shorter stimuli. Analysis of the data with structural equation modeling showed that only 17% of the individual-level variation in memory span could be explained by pronunciation speed. In an analysis of covariance, it was determined that pronunciation speed could account for a substantial proportion of the variation found across age (8-year-olds vs. 10-year-olds), stimulus modality (digits vs. words), and stimulus length (short vs. long), but not for gender differences.

Based on a random sample of 200 empirical articles, the present study made a historical analysis of the contents of Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology (JCCP) in the period between 1970 and 2004. In comparison to older studies, recent studies tended to be more social-psychological, and more often employed self-reports, based the choice of cultures on theoretical grounds, and adopted a hypothesis-testing approach. A persistent strong focus on cross-cultural differences and a simultaneous underrating of cross-cultural similarities was found. The majority of studies in which only cross-cultural differences were expected, reported differences and similarities. Methodological and conceptual improvements characterized the past 35 years of publications in JCCP. Keywords: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology; historical analysis; content analysis; cross-cultural differences; cross-cultural similarities; trends