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The contradictory statements and opinions, which need by the mind of author additional explanation or disentangle are in the work followings: stages in the forming soil covers' humus status; additional carbon sequestration into the soil; discord between consumption and accumulation of soil organic matter; the influence of land use, land-use change and soil tillage on soil humus status; permanent and dynamic properties of soil; the role of agriculture in carbon turnover; degradation of soil fertility; the influence of different components of soil organic matter on soil functioning; pedoecological approach of peat soils; biodiversity and species richness of soils; weediness of agroecosystems; ethical statements concerning land use.

Technogenic soils (TS) or Technosols are year 2022 soils of Estonia. In Estonian Soil Classification (ESC) totally 17 technogenic soil species is listed (Table 1). By way or mode of their forming or establishing almost four TS groups (formed on heaps of wastes, instead of removed soil cover, on mixed soil horizons with parent materials and buried soil covers) have been separated. In dominating cases by technological elaborating works much more than only humus cover are enfold. In the vertical profile of different development stages TS the humus cover, consisting from fine earth subsoil and parent material may be presented (or occur). In the work separately the formed on mineral and organic (mostly peats) origin parent material TS are treated. Among mineral TS by their moisture conditions the automorphic, moist and wet soils are distinguished. Among peaty TS the formed on fen (sapric) and bog (fibric) peats soils are prevailed. The main difference between grounds (non-soil) and TS is their functioning. The real TS is as sustainably functioning assemblage of soil and plant covers or soil-plant system. The concordance or matching of presented in ESC TS’ taxa with World Reference Bases for Soil Resources (WRB) and Polish Soil Classification taxa was elucidated by comparable analysis. The distribution and forming of soils associations with normally developed soils and non-soils (grounds) is characterised by mean of excerpts from digitalized large-scale soil map (1:10,000) and schematic distribution maps. In the work as well the peculiarities of establishing technologies of mineral and peaty TS is treated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contradictory statements and opinions, which need by the mind of author additional explanation or disentangle are in the work followings: stages in the forming soil covers' humus status; additional carbon sequestration into the soil; discord between consumption and accumulation of soil organic matter; the influence of land use, land-use change and soil tillage on soil humus status; permanent and dynamic properties of soil; the role of agriculture in carbon turnover; degradation of soil fertility; the influence of different components of soil organic matter on soil functioning; pedoecological approach of peat soils; biodiversity and species richness of soils; weediness of agroecosystems; ethical statements concerning land use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]