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Since the beginning of the 1990s, many researchers and several organizations concerned with development- and environment-related issues have devised methods to evaluate sustainable development at national and international scales. To that effect, they have identified sustainable development indicators. To date, however, very little work has focused on industrial activities. This paper presents a semi-quantitative method allowing evaluation of the environmental aspect to sustainable development, with an application on the environmental performance of the effluent treatment procedure of a paper mill. Eight environmental indicators for sustainable development are considered for evaluation. These indicators are linked to the strategic requirements for sustainable development as stated in the Bruntdland Commission. They are also acknowledged by many authors and organizations. The environmental performance evaluation on the effluent treatment procedure of the paper mill under study shows that this activity meets a relative degree of sustainability. This evaluation allows the identification of the strengths and weaknesses of the effluent treatment with respect to sustainable development.Key words: indicators, sustainable development, measure, environmental performance, biologic treatment, effluents, paper mills.[Journal translation]Depuis le début des années 1990, plusieurs chercheurs et différents organismes préoccupés par les questions de développement et d'environnement mettent au point des méthodes pour évaluer le développement durable à l'échelle nationale ou internationale. Pour ce faire, ils ont identifié des indicateurs de développement durable. Cependant, très peu de travaux se sont concentrés à date sur les activités industrielles. Cet article présente une méthode semi-quantitative permettant l'évaluation du volet environnemental du développement durable avec application à la performance environnementale de la filière de traitement des effluents d'une papetière. Huit indicateurs environnementaux de développement durable sont retenus pour les fins de l'évaluation. Ces indicateurs sont rattachés aux impératifs stratégiques de développement durable énoncés par la Commission Bruntdland. Ils sont aussi reconnus par plusieurs auteurs et organismes. L'évaluation de la performance environnementale de la filière de traitement des effluents de la papetière étudiée montre que cette activité rencontre un degré relatif de soutenabilité. L'évaluation permet d'identifier les forces et les lacunes que comporte la filière de traitement des effluents en regard du développement durable.Mots clés : indicateurs, développement durable, mesure, performance environnementale, traitement biologique, effluents, papetières. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Context and background: The concept of social accountability in health (SAH) is emerging as a major challenge, at the moment when the health systems are more than ever in difficulty and when society as a whole encounters new events linked to a pandemic that forces our main preoccupations towards a necessary paradigm shift. Objective: This paper offers a brief retrospective of the notion of accountability, from that of social responsibility in entrepreneurship, under the light of the human sciences (philosophy, anthropology, sociology) and discuss how the concept concerns the core of the professional exercise in health. Analysis: How can the social and environmental preoccupations be integrated in the daily medical practice without overloading the already overburden of the health professionals? Several hypotheses are conditioning this process: one of which is the introduction of a systemic thought, making possible a transformative action, a commitment around the values, a co-management with all the professionals and the involved stakeholders. This hypothesis draws the contours of a broadened definition of the SAH, including all actors of health and correlated activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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L’objectif principal de l’article est de présenter le concept et la signification du tourisme durable. On présente la définition du l’Organisation Mondiale du Tourisme qui définit le tourisme durable comme un tourisme qui tient pleinement compte de ses impacts économiques, sociaux et environnementaux actuels et futurs, répond aux besoins des visiteurs, de l'industrie, de l’environnement et des communautés hôtes. On souligne les agendas 21 locaux qui ont engagé une démarche territoriale dans le développement du tourisme durable. Une caractéristique fondamentale du secteur du tourisme est sa capacité de relier les aspects économiques, sociaux, culturels et environnementaux du développement durable. L’article traite les acteurs du tourisme durable et explique le rôle important des gouvernements dans le développement durable du tourisme.

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Our paper asserts that sustainable development is not a univocal question whose inherent truth may be clearly stated. In historical terms, sustainable development is originally a societal project aiming at a better common life on Earth, a kind of environmental and social-democratic ideal. This project, however, must unavoidably face economic and political logics that often run against it. The paper then claims that 'sustainable development' as an expression has become omnipresent in the media, an infinitely flexible mantra liable to endless adaptations and transformations. In the following section, the paper postulates that sustainable development is not solely an ecological-social-democratic project nor a norm of 'correct speak' in the public sphere, but that it is also a set of more or less articulated institutions and practices that have a fallout on social legitimacies. Finally the paper states that for many, sustainable development is also a hit target, a way of conceiving the world that, if it cannot be combated head on because of its attractive and affective aura, must at all costs be undermined from the inside and pushed out of the way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper analyses how the concept of sustainable development interacts with scientific disciplines. First it confronts the characteristics of academic research dealing with sustainable development to the criteria formulated by T. Kuhn for disciplines, paradigms and scientific revolutions. In this framework, sustainable development does not appear as an overarching paradigm. It is interpreted differently within several disciplines, and can modify their subjects and methods of research. In the second part of the paper, more recent theory about scientific disciplines is introduced, underlining the importance of interactions with spheres external to scientific communities. The paper suggests that a major feature of sustainable development research - that has more to deal with methods than with the subjects studied - would be to deliberately assume the interactions of science, society and policy, and to deal with their consequences. We conclude with some implications of these analyses for teaching sustainable development in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking Sartre's philosophy as a starting point, our paper is deliberately both theoretical and action oriented. It aims to promote a way to develop the adequate scientific practices which the sustainable development utopia requires. To this end, it is written as a manifesto designed to stimulate debates and controversies. Following a critical review of all that is being said and done in the name of sustainable development in the political sphere as well as in the relationships social sciences entertain with the political sphere, this paper is a call to consider rigorously the difficulties and even the impossibilities of moving "from the utopia to the concepts". Introducing and articulating the almost contradictory dimensions of sustainability in real urban territories demands that a relevant method be developed to investigate this complex object. We propose the concept of "socially sustainable milieu" to try and reach this objective which requires the interdisciplinary linking of physical and social sciences. GIS and modelling need to be associated with anthropological methods. Most of all, the paper underscores the need to set "inhabitants" at the heart of the scientific project, thus reversing the usual focus and starting with an investigation of the way each individual reconciles the "three pillars" of sustainable development and builds his/her relationship with sustainable urban milieus. This may help rise above the still top-down views of governance, thus enabling scientists to contribute to developing the political sustainable utopia in real sites and situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Amazonian context, some authors analyze the evolution of the agricultural frontier as a pre-determinated dynamic: the stabilization of the frontier, which has been colonized by family farmers, would repeat the Brazilian model of land tenure, with the domination of big properties and the marginalization of family farming. This paper is based on the hypothesis that the stabilization of the frontier depends on sedentarization strategies of the farmers: alongside public politics and the economic context, examining migration choices of family farmers is essential to understand the type of frontier stabilization occurring. Those strategies can not be seen as an economically rationalistic behaviour, but depends on the reproduction logics of the families. This paper focuses on the migrations of the farmers’ sons in the Transamazonian frontier in order to reveal the strategies of their families’ mobility, and their complex relations with the space and the society. Concluding with a statistical analysis showing that there is no factor explaining the whole migrations of the sons, I present a qualitative analysis in order to establish a typology of farmer families according to their mobility practices; and I attempt to map this typology to show its importance in different localities over 30 years. Finally, I point out that the stabilization of the frontier is closely linked with the families’ strategies, and that the debate on sedentarization requires a more complex model of the relations between social organization and land. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

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Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L’objectif de ce papier est de déterminer l’impact de l’orientation entrepreneuriale des dirigeants sur la réalisation du développement durable. Pour réaliser cet objectif, nous avons distribué un ensemble de questionnaires sur un échantillon de 50 entrepreneurs algériens et 50 entrepreneurs tunisiens. L’étude a relevé un ensemble des résultats : L’entrepreneur algérien ne possède pas l’esprit d’innovation ce qui ne facilite pas la réalisation de la performance environnementale. Les PME algériennes ont une orientation entrepreneuriale moyennement faible (innovation, proactivité, prise de risque) alors que les entrepreneurs tunisiens ont une OE moyennement forte. Les entreprises algériennes usent implicitement des pratiques sociales et environnementales sans pour autant le déclarer The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of the entrepreneurial orientation of entrepreneurs on the achievement of environmental performance. To achieve this goal, we distributed a set of questionnaires on a sample of 50 Algerian entrepreneurs and 50 Tunisian entrepreneurs. The results of this study are: The Algerian entrepreneur doesn’t have the spirit of innovation which does not facilitate the achievement of environmental performance. Algerian SMEs have a moderately low Entrepreneurial Orientation (innovation, proactivity, risk taking) whereas Tunisian entrepreneurs have a moderately strong EO. Algerian companies implicitly use social and environmental practices without explicitly declaring it.

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