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This book contains the texts of a number of presentations from the 1999 NATCON conferences. These papers are: (1) "A Book of Surprises: Games, Stories, and Magic for Career Practitioners" (E. Sylvester); (2) "Academic and Career Choices for Lesbian and Gay Young Adults" (M. Schneider and J. McCurdy-Myers); (3)"Adolescent Values Development: Radiohead Meets Gerard Artaud" (W. G. Darou and Y. Roy); (4) "A Synergistic Model of Organizational Career Development" (K. Bernes and K. Magnusson); (5) "Building Potential: Solutions to Chaos" (B. Freeman); (6) "Career Development and Multiple Intelligences" (C. Morris); (7) "Career Development for Young Adults in Rural Areas" (B. Shepard and A. Marshall); (8) "Career Development in Today's Organizations" (K. Copithorne); (9) "Career Paths and Organizational Development: Expanding Alliances" (K. Bernes and K. Magnusson); (10) "Career Practitioners and the Net: Counselling, Consulting, or Consternation" (K. Kerford); (11) "Career Self-Management in the New World of Work" (D. I. Riddle); (12) "Career Work, Secondary Education, and School Models" (A. Oomen); (13) "Carriere et Personnalite: Deux Concepts Li-s?" (M. Gingras and L. East); (14) "Cross-cultural Transitions and Career Development: Thrills, Spills, and Skills!" (N. Arthur); (15) "Etude Comparative des Conflits Travail-famille entre Conjoints" (L. Lachance and B. Tetreau); (16) "Fostering a Profession: Canadian Standards and Guidelines for Career Development" (B. Hiebert, B. MacCallum, N. Galarneau, L. Bezanson, M. Cawley, S. Crozier, C. DeSchiffart, G. Johnston, V. Mason, J. Stewart, and V. Ward); (17) Happiness and Work (Selection)" (M. Kingwell); (18) "Humour: The Missing Link in the Chain of Command" (L. LeBrun); (19) "Le Prix D'entree dans le Monde Intellectuel (M. Maranda, C. Leclerc, L. Bedard, M. Lapie, and H. Hamel); (20) "Pathways to Personal Power" (L. LeBrun); (21) "Positions Socioprofessionnelles des Jeunes Adultes" (B. Bourassa and G. Fournier); (22) "The Career Self-Concept: From Theory to Practice" (A. J. O'Shea); (23) "The Importance of Body Language in Your Life" (C. McCarty); (24) "The Role of Hope in Career Counselling" (A. Stechynsky); and (25) "Transition to a Career in the Arts: Lessons for Everyone" (A. Lodzinski). (MKA)

In section I, papers presented at the Hawaii Association of Language Teachers (HALT) in 1993 are presented. Section II includes a number of projects received from a call for papers simultaneous to the call for the HALT papers. Section 1 contains: "This is Like a Foreign Language to Me: Keynote Address" (Bill VanPatten); "From Discussion Questions to Task-Based Activities" (James F. Lee); "Learner-Relevant Literature: Developing Reading and Writing Strategies in the Intermediate Language Classroom" (Kathryn A. Hoffmann); "Reducing Foreign Language Anxiety in the Learner-Centered Classroom" (Heiko Heinz Schlesiger); "A Novel Approach to Novels" (Dorothy Buchanan); and "Problems of the Bilingual Dictionary: THe Case of French and English" (Kathryn Klingebiel). Section 2 includes:"Use of 'DONT' in French" (Marie Jose Fassiotto) in French; "The Use of the Newspaper in the Foreign Language Classroom: A Student-Centered Project" (Edda D. Hodnett with Paul Chandler); "Student Controlled Learning Environments with Hypercard (TM) and Interactive Multimedia" (Carol Beresiwsky); "From Theory to the Classroom: The Learner-Centered Approach and the Spanish for Business Class" (Rafael Gomez and Frauke Lowensen); and "Japanese Unit: Telephone Activities" (Kyoko Hijirida and Carrie N. Sato). Many papers contains references.) (NAV)

These papers, a portion of which are written in French, address a number of issues in education and development. The topics covered include pedagogical suggestions, self-direction in professional development, values assessment, building career transitions, career services, communicating in tomorrow's workplace, community-based training, personal accountability, effective strategies for training and retraining, leadership in career development, lifelong learning, men and work, the needs of minority and majority adolescents, relationships between personal characteristics and sexual harassment behaviors in male university professors, storytelling in career counseling, and socio-political ideology and career counseling. Most of the articles contain a short bibliography. (RJM)

Papers published in NATCON 1998 are: (1) "A Roadmap for Career Management" (D. I. Riddle); (2) "A Sharing of Our Successes" (H. van Bommel); (3) "Assessing Clients with Learning Disabilities in Career Counselling" (J. B. Stewart); (4) "Career and Personal Planning: Diploma Program and Resources" (A. Marshall); (5) "Career Counseling in a Wired World" (G. Weber, K. Kerford)' (6) "Cognitive Structures in the Assessment Phase of Counselling" (G. Harris); (7) "Connecting Prior Learning Assessment to Career Development" (G. S. Peruniak, D. Welch); (8) "Difficultes et besoins des jeunes en matiere d'integration au marche du travail" (J.-G. Ouellette, D. Lord); (9) "Disability in the Workplace: Effective and Cost-Effective Accommodation Planning" (A. Cantor); (10) "Initatives nouvelles de formation en developpement et en counseling de carriere" (J.-G. Ouellette, D. LeBreton Forbes); (11) "Intergenerational Conflict in Career and Life Planning" (N. Arthur); (12) "Job Search Strategies for the Difficult to Place" (F. Cheek); (13) "L'employabilite en formation professionnelle au Quebec: doit-on s'en preoccuper?" (M. Tardif); (14) "Les nouvelles technologies--L'Internet, ca va?" (W.-G. Darou, M.-H. Duchaine); (15) "Les transitions professionnelles dans un contexte de precarite: recherches et solutions" (G. Fournier, C. Delmotte); (16) "L'integration au marche du travail: l'aventure des diplomes" (G. Fournier, L. Croteau); (17) "Metacognition and Vocational Counseling" (B. A. Symes); (18) "Mind at Work: Improving Workplace Satisfaction and Enjoyment" (T. Warney); (19)"Plafonnement de carriere: le cas des cadres de l'entreprise privee" (L. Lemire, C.-H. Amherdt); (20) "The Role of Diagnostic Assessment in Career Exploration" (M. Jean); (21) "Training Career Development Facilitators in Ethical Decision-Making" (V. G. Ward); (22) "Un guide au service du partenariat" (M. Gingras, D. Marceau, G. Weeks); (23) "Update on National Career Development Guidelines and Standards" (B. Hiebert, B. MacCallum, F. Ball, L. Bezanson, M. Cahill, E. Collins, M. Courchene, E. Desjardins, G. Donald, N. Galarneau, C. Tumber, V. Ward); (24) "Vie professionnelle et developpement de carriere au feminin" (A. Spain, L. Bedard, L. Paiement). (EMK)

This volume contains speeches and papers given at the International Conference on Academic Freedom and University Autonomy held in Sinaia, Romania, May 5-7, 1992. Section 1 contains introductory addresses by Federico Mayor, Maitland Stobart, Hinrich Seidel,and Walter Kamba. Section 2 contains 18 papers that address connotations and challenges of academic freedom and university autonomy. Among topics discussed in this context are human rights and academic freedom, the development of international standards concerning the status of higher education teaching personnel, continuing education, leadership, the advancement of knowledge, accountability in multi-university national systems, tensions between public universities and state governments, and academic freedom in the United States. Section 3 contains nine case studies involving the following nations: Hungary, Poland, Russia, Turkey, the United States, Spain, Serbia, and Macedonia. This section also includes three papers on market mechanisms in higher education in the nations of Norway, Poland, and the United States. Also in Section 3 are four papers on the social responsibilities of higher education. Section 4 contains the conference's closing address by Marco Antonio R. Dias. (Some papers contain references.) (JB)

Papers submitted to NATCON 1997 are: (1) "Athabasca University Certificate in Career Development: Innovative Collaboration" (J. Baty, B. Hiebert, G. Peruniak, D. Welch); (2) "A Multigenerational Approach to Career Counseling" (C. McCarty); (3) "Becoming Self-Directed: The Importance of Values Assessment" (C. E. Mossop); (4) "Building New Employment Relations" (K. Calvert, M. Jensen); (5) "Career-Counselling University Students with Learning Disabilities" (B. A. Symes); (6) "Career Planning with Adult Daughters of Alcoholics" (A. B. Nyiri); (7) "Conquering Interview Anxiety" (F. Cheek); (8) "Creativity as a Core Competency" (S. Murphy, T. Murphy); (9) "Ethics and Issues in Career Counselling" (J. B. Stewart); (10) "Helping People Who Hate Their Jobs" (G. Dutch); (11)"Informed-Choice Counselling: The Key to Success in Training" (L. Willis, J. Baty, J. Bain, L Harris); (12) "Kegan's Constructive Developmental Framework for Adult Careers Transition" (A. Marshall); (13) "Laid Off--Then What? Effective Strategies for Career Renewal" (R. Neault); (14) "The Workability Handbook" (D. Redekopp, C. Crickmore); (15) "Le mentorat de personnes retraitees pour l'exploration professionnelle au secondaire" (P. Dupont, M. Blain); (16) "Les pratiques d'employabilite: entre le prescrit et le reel" (C. Leclerc, B. Bourassa, M.-F. Maranda, Y. Comeau); (17) "Les Technologies de l'information dans le contexte du counselling d'emploi" (M. Turcotte); (18) "Lifelong Learning and Career Development: The Need for a Learner-Centered Approach" (M. Ogisu-Kamiya); (19)"L'implication des partenaires dans le retour en formation des adultes" (M. Tardif, G. Debeurme, F. Serre); (21) "Management and Organizational Trends: Friend or Foe?" (J. Asgar, D. Wigley); (20) "Men and Work" (H. Deutschendorf); (22) "Motivation et orientation: un but significatif" (M. Gingras, D. Chagnon); (23) "New Measures of Social Economic Value: Community-Based Training Report" (B. J. Richmond); (24) "Outreaching with the Employment Solution" (P. L. Giacomoni); (25) "Plan Your Work; Work Your Plan: A Practice Career-Management Strategy" (M. C. Thompson); (26) "Syndrome d'epuisement chez les chomeurs de longue duree et chez les autres" (G. Evequoz); (27) "LearnScape: Comprehensive Professional Development Software" (D. Redekopp, D. Mackenzie, D. Welch, B. Hiebert); (28) "Values Alignment: A Hands-On Session for Counsellors" (C. E. Mossop); (29) "Vers le developpement d'un modele de la reussite lors d'affectations a l'etranger" (E. Desjardins); (30) "Vers un modele explicatif des conflits travail-famille" (L. Lachance, B. Tetreau). (EMK)

The journal of linguistics of the University of Neuchatel (Switzerland) contains information on the programs and faculty and articles in French (F) and English (E). They include: "From Behavioral Psychology to Sociolinguistics: Ten Years of Linguistics Applied to Language Teaching at Neuchatel" (F); "Intonation and Syntax: Neurolinguistic Contribution to the Study of the Role of Intonation Factors in Establishment of Syntactico-Semantic Relations of Phrase Constituents" (F); "Dialect and School in the European Countries" (E); "Experimental Psycholinguistics: A Science at the Crossroads of Several Disciplines" (F); "Teaching By Pictures or Through Pictures?" (F); "The Hidden Side of French" (F); "Phenomena of Regression in Linguistic Competence in Second Language Learning in a School Situation" (F); "What Is Logic Today?" (F); "Assimilation of Consonants in Spoken French" (F); "Good Usage is My Usage: Linguistic Norms and Procedures for Correction of Themes" (F); "Interaction Management and Discourse Complication: Narrative Sequences in Non-Native Language Conversation" (F); "Contrastive Analysis: History and Current Situation" (F); "Study of Interrogative Forms in French in 3-Year-Olds" (F); "Toward a Rhetoric of Implicit Content: The Example of Jokes" (F); "The Structure of the Minimal Utterance as Condition of Access to Interpretive Strategies" (F); and "Language Evaluation: Representative and Communicative Dimensions" (F). (MSE)

This collection of working papers in linguistics includes four works. "Autour de la racine indo-europeenne 'pet-' ('voler') (pour servir a l'histoire des faits latins)" ("Concerning the Indo-European Root 'Pet-' ('To Fly') (To Serve as an Example of Latin Facts)" by Claude Sandoz looks at the Latin manifestations of the root and illustrates the value of historico-comparative analysis. In "Analyse hierarchique et fonctionnelle du discours: co-enonciation et mouvement discursif" ("Hierarchic and Functional Discourse Analysis: Co-Enunciation and Discourse Movement"), Therese Beguin-Jeanneret applies discourse analysis in a new way, a conversation between two children and an adult. "Quelques remarques sur l'excommunication dans les interactions verbales en face a face" ("Some Remarks on Excommunication in Verbal Face-to-Face Interactions") by Serge Rubi examines conversational processes used to break off one topic of discussion for various reasons. In "Enseigner le francais L2 a des debutants avec une methode 'communicative'" ("Teaching French as a Second Language to Beginning Adults with the 'Communicative' Method"), Francoise Redard reflects on her own experiences teaching French to this population, focusing on whether having the objective of immediate communication is appropriate in all cases. (MSE)

The article presents a subjective perspective on the industrial history of the coastal region of the Manche in France. The author discusses the Mediterranean model and the British industrial revolution model. Topics include commercial exchanges and cotton trade at the port in Rouen, France, textile, paper, and leather industries in Brittany, France, and the gap between small and medium-size companies.

A preface to "Cogitationes De Scientia Humana," part III of the book "The Works of Francis Bacon," collected and edited by James Spedding, Robert Leslie Ellis, and Douglas Denon Heath is presented.

Papers, all in French, address four issues concerning linguistics and language in Quebec: language quality and linguistic reality; linguistic politics and the future of French in Quebec; the linguist's role in modern society; and dictionaries. Each section includes an untitled, substantive introduction and several papers. Papers include: "Discours sur la qualite de la langue et realite linguistique" ("Discourse on Language Quality and Linguistic Reality") by Gilles Bibeau; "Les rapports a la langue dans l'enseignement du francais" ("Accounts of Language in the Teaching of French") by Jean-Claude Gagnon; "La qualite de la langue: Discours et realite" ("Language Quality: Discourse and Reality") by Conrad Ouellon; "Debat linguistique et responsabilites collectives" (Linguistic Debate and Collective Responsibilities") by Henrietta Jonas-Cedergren; "La question linguistique au Quebec: Reconnaissance et pluralite" ("The Linguistic Question in Quebec: Recognition and Plurality") by J. Yvon Theriault; "Les contraintes juridiques et politiques qui s'imposent aux lois linguistiques du Quebec, province canadienne ou pays souverain" ("Legal and Political Constraints on Linguistic Laws in Quebec, Canadian Province or Sovereign Country") by Jose Woehrling; "Le role du linguiste dans la societe moderne" ("The Linguist's Role in Moderne Society") by Richard Patry; "Du confort et l'indifference a l'effort et la difference" ("From Comfort and Indifference to Effort and Difference" by Julie Laberge); "Le role du linguiste dans la societe: Une question de choix" ("The Linguist's Role in Society: A Question of Choice" by Diane Vincent); "A propos de l'arrimage entre le dictionnaire et la neobienseance" ("The Dictionary and Political Correctness") by Jean-Claude Boulanger; "Un nouveau dictionnaire et un dictionnaire nouveau" ("A 'New' Dictionary and a New Dictionary") by Pierre Martel and Helene Cajolet-Laganiere; "Lexicographie institutionnelle et valorisation du francais au Quebec" ("Institutional Lexicography and Valuation of French in Quebec") by Claude Poirier; "Le dictionnaire bilingue: concretisation de la realite quebecoise" ("The Bilingual Dictionary: Concretization of the Quebec Reality") by Roda Roberts. (MSE)

Papers from an international conference on language teaching/learning are presented by topic and grouped under seven sections. An introductory section contains two papers on cultural diversity and world English. The second section, on teacher development, contains papers on these topics: teacher development and socialization; teachers' responses to questions about instruction; characteristics of a good language lesson; teaching students to understand instruction; students' reasons for poor English skills; cross-cultural aspects of the teacher's role; and an instructional materials development workshop. The third section, on classroom techniques and issues, addresses these topics: postsecondary level cooperative learning in Japan; shared inquiry for fostering critical thinking in English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) instruction; story grammar as a reading and discussion strategy; use of Japanese literature in reading instruction; multimedia second language reading instruction; vocabulary building; Japanese particle usage; beginning writing instruction; discipline-based technical writing; peer writing evaluation; oral communication instruction; dance as an instructional technique; test revision; and continuous assessment using computer-assisted instruction. In section 4, papers on use of technology in the classroom address: use of the Internet; on-line newspapers and magazines; computerized test and materials development; designing materials t accompany videos; and content video in ESL instruction. Papers on cultural issues in section 5 include these topics: multiculturalism in the classroom; comparing cultures through critical thinking; authority and individualism in Japan and the United States; a study trip to France; setting the stage in kindergarten; comparative social studies; folklore in ESL instruction; Model United Nations; global issues; geography instruction; gender issues; and English variation. The final section contains five papers on the Linguapax Program of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Papers are primarily in English, with some Japanese and French included. (MSE)

This book presents papers, written in both English and French, from a symposium entitled "Promoting Learner Autonomy: New Insights." After "Introduction" (Leni Dam), the eight papers include the following: "Examining the Discourse of Learner Advisory Sessions" (David Crabbe, Alison Hoffman, and Sara Cotteral); "Approaches to Advising for Self-Directed Language Learning" (Richard Pemberton, Sarah Toogood, Susanna Ho, and Jacqueline Lam); "From Awareness to Counselling in Learner Autonomy" (Beverly Ann Carter); "Towards an Analytic Approach to Assessing Learner Autonomy" (Jose Lai); "The Assessment of Learner Autonomy and Language Learning" (Marie-France Champagne, Terry Clayton, Nicholas Dimmitt, Matthew Laszewski, William Savage, Jonathan Shaw, Richmond Stroupe, Myint Myint Thein, and Pierre Walter); "Discourse Behaviour in an Autonomous Learning Environment" (Lienhard Legenhausen); "Group Work for Autonomy in Asia: Insights from Teacher Research" (Richard C. Smith); and "The Institutional and Psychological Context of Learner Autonomy" (Naoko Aoki). (Papers contain references.) (SM)

Following a foreword (Ross Paul) and an introduction (Robert Sweet), three sections on instituting postsecondary distance learning systems across Canada are presented: access and student support, educational technology, and institutional response. The first section contains the following: "Women in Distance Education: Towards a Feminist Perspective" (Rebecca Coulter); "Building Bridges: Northern Native Teacher Training" (Robert Paulet); "Le Tuteur et le Support a l'Etudiant en Enseignement a Distance" (Celine Lebel, Bernard Michaud); and "Provision of Student Support Services in Distance Education: Do We Know What They Need?" (Gordon Thompson). Papers in the second section are as follows: "La Formation a Distance: Des Choix Technologiques et des Valeurs" (France Henri, Therese Lamy); "Third Generation Course Design in Distance Education" (David Kaufman); "Contradictory Directions for Distance: Cultural Miscegenation, or Cultural Symbiosis?" (Gary Boyd); "A Philosophy of Distance Education: Perceptivism" (Charles Brauner); "La Technologie Educative dans l'Enseignement a Distance, Son Role et Sa Place" (Louise Sauve et al.); and "Distance Learning using Communications Technologies in Canada" (Barbara Helm). The third section contains the following: "Diversity or Chaos in Canadian Distance Education? A View from Overseas" (Anthony Bates); "Canada's Open Universities: Issues and Prospectives" (Ross Paul); "Involvement with Distance Education: Issues for the University" (Margaret Haughey); "Distance Education and Accessibility to Canada's Community Colleges" (John Dennison); "Being Responsible to the Adult Distance Learner: A Secondary School Example" (Norman McKinnon); "Canadian Private Sector Distance Education: A Preliminary Analysis of Organizational Structure and Governance Issues" (Kenneth Slade, Robert Sweet); "Collaboration in Distance Education" (Abram Conrad, James Small); "Collaboration in Distance Education: British Columbia's Open Learning Agency" (Ian Mugridge); and "Collaboration in Distance Education: Ontario's Contact North/Contac Nord" (Terry Anderson, Connie Nelson). (NLA)

A collection of papers, in English and French, on the adjustment processes and problems of Southeast Asian refugees in Quebec includes: "Prelude to Resettlement: A Clinical View on the Transit Camp Experience of Vietnamese Refugees" (David Loveridge, Kwok B. Chan); "Une communaute culturelle en situation de diglossie: Les Vietnamiens du Quebec" (Lise Pilon-Le); "Problemes d'adaptation scolaire des enfants Vietnamiens au Quebec" (Nguyen Quy Bong); "Adaptation economique des refugies Indochinois de la seconde vague (1979-80): L'example du Quebec" (Gilles Deschamps); "Froide solitude et neige paisible: Les Indochinois a Quebec" (Louis-Jacques Dorais); "Les Vietnamiens a Quebec et leurs problemes d'integration" (Nguyen Huy, Dean Louder); "Les determinants du processus d'adaptation sociale et linguistique des Vietnamiens a Quebec" (Thuy Pham-Nguyen); "L'implantation des Cambodgiens a Montreal: Marche vers le village" (Gilles Cossette, Pen Phan); "Les Vietnamiens dans la Beauce" (Que T. Pham); and a concluding paper by Louis-Jacques Dorais and Kwok B. Chan. (MSE)

As part of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development project on international educational indicators, four networks were formed to represent different domains. This collection contains background papers that were prepared to deal with some of the fundamental questions about process indicators examined by Network "C," the network that, under the leadership of The Netherlands, was given the task of measuring indicators of schools and school processes. The following papers are included: (1) "Internationally Comparable Indicators of Educational Programmes and Processes: Identification, Measurement and Interpretation" (Jaap Scheerens); (2) "Comparer les structure de decision des systemes educatifs: un bilan de l'approache quantitative (Comparison of Decision-Making Structures in Education Systems: A Review of the Quantitative Approach)" (Denis Meuet, Jacques Prod'hom, and Eugen Stocker); (3) "The Selection and Definition of International Indicators on Teachers" (Jaap Scheerens); (4) "Curriculum Indicators in International Comparative Research" (Willem J. Pelgrum, Joke Voogt, and Tjeerd Plomp); (5) "Process Indicators on School Functioning and the Generalisability of School Factor Models across Countries" (Bert Creemers); (6) "The Development of Indicators on Equity in Education" (Alan Gibson and Denis Meuret); (7) "The Search for Indicators on the Effective Functioning of Tertiary Education Institutions" (Alan Gibson); (8) "The Use of Performance Indicators in School Improvement and Accountability" (Carmo Climaco); (9) "Perspectives on Decision-Making in Education Systems and the Development of the Network C Locus of Decision-Making Survey" (Darrel Drury, Laura Hersh Salganik, and Marilyn M. McMillen); (10) "La mise en place d'un dispositif d'indicateurs pour le pilotage des establissements secondaires francais (Implementation of a System of Indicators for the Steering of French Secondary Schools)" (Jean-Calude Emin); and (11) "Interpretation and Use of Education Indicators" (Erik Wallin). Each chapter contains references. (Contains 2 boxes, 17 figures, and 19 tables.) (SLD)

The poem "Magnalia Naturæ: Preæcipue Quoad Usus Humanos," by Francis Bacon is presented. First Line: THE prolongation of life. Last Line: Artificial minerals and cements.

The present book, the first collective volume entirely devoted to aspects of Byzantine epigraphy, mainly comprises papers delivered at two international meetings (Vienna 2010, Sofia 2011). The book is divided into four sections and includes contributions on the history of Byzantine epigraphy, on the definition of Byzantine inscriptions, on the methodoly of editing and on case studies of inscription of specific regions and eras.

The volume deals with the juridical and institutional framework of athletic and artistic games from archaic Greece to late antique Rome. The agones’ rules and regulations, the funding by public contributions and wealthy private sponsors were approached as well as the athletes’ training and prizes and privileges, which determined the athletes’—and especially the winner’s— social status. Moreover attention was drawn onto the end of the classical Greek agones from a Roman perspective.The Second Vienna Colloquium on Ancient Legal History addressed the juridical and institutional framework of athletic and artistic games in classical antiquity. The chronological frame ranged from Archaic times to Late Antiquity (8th cent. BCE – 6th cent. CE). The symposium covered three main areas of interest. Firstly, the agones’ rules and regulations, the funding by public contributions and wealthy private sponsors as well as the athletes’ training were approached. Prizes and privileges, which determined the athletes’—and especially the winner’s— social status and were thus crucial to the agones’ appeal, were then attended to by several papers. In contrast to the conditions under the Imperium Romanum, where the emperor enforced nation-wide regulations, the „politics of sports“ followed different rules in the small-scaled world of the classical Greek poleis. Thus, differences in the conception of sports between Greeks and Romans were traced and exemplarily demonstrated on the basis of the gladiatorial games. Lastly, attention was drawn onto the end of the classical Greek agones from a Roman perspective. The now Christian empire couldn’t tolerate the pagan agones anymore and instead developed new forms of athletic competitions and public entertainment: late antique circus games and chariot races.