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The long-term evolution characteristics of the heat reservoir of soil have been analyzed by 15 years of simulation test with periodic indoor and outdoor air temperature conditions. A scale model test of the soil in the subway station sidewalls and software ANSYS fluid-structure coupling heat transfer model are built in this study, which are complementary and mutual authentication. In 1∼15 years, the results show that the maximal temperature rise of soil at 2 m buried depth is 3.9 °C, at 7 m buried depth is 1.6 °C, and at 12 m buried depth is 1.5 °C. On the sidewalls surface the average maximal endothermic heat flow density is 6.8 W/m2 in summer, and the average maximum exothermic heat flow density is 11.3 W/m2 in winter. It provides theoretical reference for the reasonable use of heat storage of the soil in the sidewalls of subway stations.