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The paper obtained during the study was mainly obtained from wheat straw cellulose and Jerusalem artichoke cellulose, which contained chitosan of various concentrations. An increase in the mechanical properties of the obtained papers was observed in samples using the substance chitosan. A 1.0% chitosan was added to the paper, mainly based on various plant celluloses. It should be noted that the obtained paper products were used without bleaching due to the fact that it was recommended to use them for wrapping paper. The youngest results were observed in samples prepared from a composition of wheat straw and artichoke pulp. From the fiber morphology, it was observed that the sized paper fibers became stronger, denser and smoother. Keywords: chytazone, Natural polymers, fibers, cellulose. Biocomposites of chitosan (CS)/cellulose nanocrystals (CN) were prepared by using solution casting method. Influences of solution preparation method and CN content on the properties of composites were investigated. Mechanical stirring/ultrasonication or micro fluidization were used to disperse nanocrystals in the chitosan matrix. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, DSC, TGA, TMA and contact angle measurements.

In this paper, we estimated the methane emissions by the disposal of sanitary and domestic-use paper consumed throughout Brazil from 1901 to 2016. The apparent consumption of this type of paper from 1961 to 2016, calculated from the data of the FAOSTAT system, was used to estimate the amount of waste disposed of annually in three site categories: sanitary landfill, controlled dump, and open-air, uncontrolled dump. The 2006 IPCC Guide methodology was used to calculate CH4emissions and long-term carbon storage. Nine scenarios based upon the law that establishes the National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP) were examined, considering 100% waste disposal and treatment in landfills or incineration from 2014. The total emission was estimated at 1.967 MtCH4, corresponding to 55.080 MtCO2eq by GWP-AR5, and the stored carbon at 3.724 Mt, corresponding to 13.655 MtCO2eq. CH4emission increased beyond the population growth rate due to an increase in the per capita paper consumption in the country, from 0.02 kgCH4.year-1 in 1961 to 0.30 kg CH4.year-1 in 2016. The NSWP has not yet been accomplished, and the scenarios outlined indicate that, from the point of view of CH4 emissions, it would be more advantageous to carry out incineration instead of applying other waste treatment technologies.

Indonesia is a strategic maritime country, especially in terms of trade and economy. The most vital defense is Indonesian waters in the form of shipping by the Indonesian Navy. The support is in the form of nautical chart paper which is strong and waterproof. Natural paper reinforcement needs to be added because synthetic materials contain monomer groups, can damage the environment and are difficult to grade. Examples of natural agents are carrageenan and bentonite which work to form hydrogen bonds with cellulose fibers, thereby increasing the strength of paper. The research aims to study the effect of carrageenan and bentonite on opacity, tearing, tensile, wet index, and Cobb. The highest opacity was 100.2% in carrageenan with a dose of 14%. The highest tearing was in the mixed agent, amounting to 745.87 mN at a dose of 14%. The highest tensile dose of 14% was 1.58 kgf/15mm. The highest wet index dose is 14%, which is 2.55% of the mixed agent. The best Cobb for mixed agents with a dose of 14% was 67.09 g/m2. In conclusion, carrageenan and bentonite have potential as wet strength agents in making nautical chart paper.

The term waste is for undesirable or pointless resources produced by human activity in residential, industrial, or commercial environments. It can be divided into three categories. Depending on its: source (household, industrial, commercial, building, or institutional); and composition (organic material, glass, metal, plastic, paper, etc.). The educational institute, offices, packing of goods etc generate huge quantity of paper waste every year. The waste paper is major issue in municipal solid waste. Paper pulp can be made from a variety of sources, including wood, recycled paper waste, and other plant-based materials. Neem, also known as Azadirachta indica, is a tree readily available in nature having grate medicinal value and helps to protect environmental pollution. Neem is a evergreen tree that grows quickly and is widely used. It may be found all over India. A single mosquito bite can put you in the hospital for Chikungunya, Dengue, or Plasmodium falciparum (malaria). Use of sophisticated electric mosquito-killing devices or chemical mosquito repellents is the only method to stop this. Neem and paper waste are combined to create mosquito repellent that is both environmentally friendly and has natural and practical benefits. Neem may be utilized to manufacture helpful items such as insect repellent. Sticks used to ward off mosquitoes are made of burning paper pulp, or paper waste. Dryobalanops Aromatica, another name for camphor, is a white, crystalline material with a powerful, aromatic scent. Numerous characteristics of camphor include its physical, chemical, flammability, and fragrant attributes. Due to these characteristics, camphor is utilized as an aromatic substance in mosquito- repellent sticks. It also aids in the burning of mosquito-repellent sticks.

The issues of intellectualization of equipment and control systems at pulp and paper industry enterprises are considered. The features of digitalization at large pulp and paper mills are shown. An example of the implementation of an intelligent system for assessing the functioning of technological equipment at one of the pulp and paper mills is demonstrated. The main sources of efficiency of intellectualization and intellectualization of production and automated systems are shown.

The filter paper bio-templating method has become a promising pathway in the fabrication of MgO with tunned physicochemical features. The filter paper-templated MgO (MgO-FPT) has been subjected to several characterisation analyses, and it has revealed that filter paper templating has demonstrated a positive outcome toward an improvement of physicochemical features, i.e., improved surface reactivity and surface area compared to MgO prepared via direct thermal degradation method of magnesium salt (MgO-CT). As the evidence of the FTIR spectra, the MgO-FPT has demonstrated a surface rich CO2-associated functional group, which indicate the enhanced surface reactivity of the MgO, which increase of the adsorbent affinity toward CO2 (even from atmospheric surrounding). Together with the improved structural features compared to MgO-CT (two-fold high surface area), it has significantly refined the CO2 adsorption uptake capacity to almost 15 times higher than MgO-CT with only 0.247 mmol/g. This shows the potential filter paper bio-templating method for the metal oxide-based adsorbent fabrication for CO2 adsorption application.

A chitosan based coating was prepared where eggshell powder was added. Eggshell is a product that appears in large numbers in everyday life, so it has great potential as waste, which can be used to turn it into a valuable material. Cellulose sheets were made from secondary fiber, and after coated with the chitosan based solution to investigate the properties of the sheets. The results of the treated handsheets were compared with the results of the control sheet. The control sheets were compared with 4 different type of paper: coatings of chitosan with 5wt% and 10wt% eggshell powder, only chitosan coating, and paper where eggshell powder was added to the paper pulp. The use of the eggshell powder as an additive in the coating would be a promising material, because it can improve in a large extent the water resistance and the air barrier properties of the paper.

The Paper industry is an energy-intensive and one of the most energy-consuming industries in Indonesia. In this study, Paper Mill energy sources come from coal and renewable energy such as black liquor as a substitute for coal and on-grid 9MW PV system are reassessed by using optimization software, HOMER. This study aims to present a feasibility study of increasing the use of renewable energy sources in Paper Mill to reduce coal consumption for more sustainability. The software HOMER is used as a tool to determine the most feasible combination of component considered in the study. It is feasible to reduce 10,84% coal consumption kg per year with the optimal renewable energy mix consisting of additional 24MW rooftop PV system and 5,94kW hydrokinetic energy from Kampar River located 6 km from the plant. Renewable fraction increased to 16%. This study result is good for sustainable growth of Paper Mill business that investments in climate and nature to support the Indonesian government in achieving net zero emissions.

In this study, cellulose was extracted from Heliánthus tuberósus (Jerusalem artichoke) stems, and its quality indicators were thoroughly investigated. The isolation process involved the removal of impurities and non-cellulosic components, resulting in a purified cellulose sample suitable for further analysis and application.To explore the potential of Heliánthus tuberósus cellulose, composite paper was produced by incorporating basalt fiber into the cellulose matrix. The resulting paper was subjected to comprehensive testing to evaluate its mechanical properties, with a particular focus on tensile strength and tensile length.The tensile strength of the composite paper was determined using standardized testing methods, providing quantitative data on the material's ability to withstand applied forces without breaking or deforming. Tensile length, on the other hand, refers to the maximum elongation the paper can undergo before rupture occurs. These properties were assessed to gauge the overall performance and suitability of the composite paper for various applications.The obtained results were presented in a clear and concise manner, utilizing tables and graphs to facilitate data interpretation and comparison. Tables allowed for the tabulation of the measured tensile strength and tensile length values, providing a comprehensive overview of the material's mechanical characteristics. Graphs were employed to visualize trends, patterns, and potential correlations between different variables, aiding in a deeper understanding of the composite paper's behavior under various loading conditions.

Abstract. In this study, a composite material was successfully produced by incorporating waste paper and basalt fibers. The utilization of waste paper as a raw material contributes to sustainable practices and waste reduction. The physical and mechanical properties of the obtained composite material were comprehensively investigated to evaluate its potential for various applications.The physical parameters of the composite material, such as density and porosity, were measured to assess its structural characteristics. Density provides insights into the compactness and mass per unit volume of the composite, while porosity indicates the presence of voids or open spaces within the material. These parameters play a crucial role in determining the overall performance and suitability of the composite for specific applications.Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the composite material were examined to evaluate its strength, stiffness, and durability. Tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact resistance were among the key mechanical parameters studied. Tensile strength determines the material's ability to withstand pulling forces, while flexural strength measures its resistance to bending or deformation. Impact resistance evaluates the material's ability to absorb energy when subjected to sudden or dynamic loads.

The pulp and paper (P&P) industry is considered one of the production and manufacturing industries that consume immense amounts of natural resources, such as wood, water, and energy. It is also a significant contributor of pollutants to the environment, where various organic and inorganic contaminants are immensely produced into the environment. In this study, the color removal efficiency from P&P wastewater using a 1.5-L three-phase fluidized-bed reactor in combination with heterogeneous photo-Fenton reaction process was investigated. The process used synthesized Fe2O3/TiO2 catalyst by ultrasonic-assisted impregnation technique and applied UV-C light irradiation for the decolorization treatment of the P&P wastewater. The RSM-BBD was also used to optimize the color reduction efficiency of the P&P wastewater between three independent variables: pH, photocatalyst dose, and H2O2 dose. Under the optimal conditions (initial effluent pH = 3, [Fe2O3/TiO2] = 1.25 g/L, [H2O2] = 50 mM) with an air flow rate of 2 L min-1 at a reaction time of 30 min, the color reduction efficiency was achieved as 73.5%. Additionally, pH was found to be the most significant parameter for the decolorization of the P&P wastewater.

The tourism industries today have adjusted to a rapidly shifting landscape and increased competition. "Smart tourism" is a word used to describe the present phase of tourist development that has been impacted by the advancement of information technologies and is emerging as a viable strategy for adjusting to the changing market conditions. In the age of digital revolution, big data has become increasingly important in influencing both new players in the tourism sector and how people travel throughout the world. With the use of big data, all of these businesses can forecast traveler demand, improve decision-making, manage information flows and customer interactions, and deliver top-most service more effectively and efficiently. These days, it's thought that design is essential to the success of tourist sites and enterprises. This conceptual paper synthesizes the past literature and gives an overview of how data analytics has been used in smart tourism.

Soil is considered a complicated material as, in general, the behavior under loading is non-linear in addition it is anisotropic material and its behavior is time-dependent. Various models were developed in the method of finite element for modeling the behavior of soil under different loading cases, and it must be known that no constitutive model is available that can simulate completely the actual soil behavior under all conditions. This paper attempts to investigate the soft soil model and present a discussion about the advantages and disadvantages for the purpose of giving an overview, and discussing the main finding of the previous studies regarding using the Soft Soil model in the numerical analysis of geotechnical engineering problems and applications. In this research, it was observed from the previous studies that the relation between the modified compression index (λ*) and unloading index (κ*) is from (5 to 10). The Soft Soil model gives a stiffer stress-strain behavior compared to Hardening model. Using this model for compressible soils needs a longer calculation time than other models as the material stiffness matrix was included in each calculation step. It shows satisfactory results in the analysis of the settlement of immediate and consolidation cases of foundation in clayey soil than the model of Mohr-Coulomb.

A worldwide evaluation of the present status of renewable-energy generation, with a focus on photo-voltaic (PV) solar energy for the production of electricity. The most pertinent elements of the development and experiences of nations working to build and use these technologies are covered in this article. It also cites studies that highlight the efforts made by nations to reduce their emissions of green-house gas or to enhance the quality and accessibility of electric energy generation in light of their unique geographic and environmental circumstances. These studies focus in particular on remote communities that have limited access to the national power grid due to technological or financial constraints. This paper focusses on renewable-energy might serve as a starting point for assessing how clean energy affects the world's energy supply and demand, they are becoming an increasingly popular option in terms of cost and efficiency, which can attract new investors. By analysing recent data, case studies, and literature, this review aims to provide stakeholders with insights into the achievements and hurdles of solar energy, fostering informed decisions towards a sustainable and resilient energy future.

In scientific research, review articles or literature reviews are essential. Despite the abundance of resources on literature reviews, most of them only address the theoretical underpinnings of the protocols, nomenclatures, and review processes. Due to overlapping similarities, this may result in reporting that is not economical and may also generate confusion. We adopt a practical approach to describe and clarify the academic practice of conducting literature reviews in order to solve these limitations. The types, goals, factors, techniques, and contributions of literature reviews as stand-alone investigations are the main topics of our attention. Therefore, without becoming bogged down in the nuances of review protocols, procedures, and nomenclatures, our essay offers an overview that academics can rely on to navigate the important components of literature reviews as stand-alone and independent studies.

Capital structure is the combination or proportion of various sources. An organization can procure funds by issuing equity shares, preference shares and debentures to the public. Apart from this, they may also borrow from the banks or financial institutions. These are the various sources available for a concern for procuring or mobilizing the capital. Whether capital is needed initially or additional fund needed for the smooth function there are various sources available for mobilizing the capital or fund. While designing the financial or capital structure manager has to consider the overall cost which will incur after constructing the capital structure. Paper industry is selected for the research. Five companies listed in the Bombay Stock Exchange were selected for the study. An attempt has been made to study the components of capital structure of paper industry.

In this article the possibility of using licorice root waste as a fibrous raw material in the pulp and paper industry is investigated. It is shown it is possible to add up to 25% of bleached cellulose from licorice root waste to the paper composition for the production of writing paper.

Land degradation has a big influence for Central Asia. The territory of Central Asia is rarely discovered and it can be seen by the number of published papers in English. There is a high potential of applying remote sensing (RS) and geographical information systems (GIS) for the mapping and monitoring of degraded lands. In the present research we tried to collect all Scopus-based publications in English for 20 years using land degradation as a keyword. We analyzed the most popular journals, top authors, top-cited papers, top countries, and the role of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) in the land degradation issues of Central Asia. RS and GIS technologies are good tools, but in Central Asia researchers have to spread them widely. Data-sharing systems and lack of international cooperation could bring more joint projects and publications on land degradation issues.

The improper use of pesticides and excessive doses in the long term contribute to climate change and even threaten human health, organisms, and the balance of the ecosystem. A pesticide detection device is needed to monitor its levels to minimize risks to human health and the environment. A paper biosensor was developed in this study to detect organophosphates by utilizing the enzyme acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and silver nanoparticles (AgNP). The Whatman filter paper was used as a visual OP detection zone. AgNP, as an indicator, is adsorbed and gives a brownish-yellow color to the paper, while AChE is immobilized into the film and layered on the paper. The addition of acetylthiocholine chloride as a substrate to the film released thiocholine products which could replace the capping AgNPs causing the AgNPs to aggregate and the paper color to pale. The presence of OP in the sample will inhibit AChE activity so that paper fading is reduced. The biosensor response is quantized as an RGB value, which is determined using an application on a smartphone. The resulting biosensor has excellent performance with a linear range of 0.05-2.00 mg/L, a detection limit of 0.04 mg/L, and a CV of 0.48%. Biosensor measurements on vegetable samples showed conformity with the GCMS results as the standard method. Therefore, this biosensor is suitable for the on-site detection of pesticides offering easy, fast, and inexpensive analysis.

Agricultural products, including root fruits, make up a large part of a person’s vital needs. Therefore, cultivating root fruits and harvesting crops without harm is one of the main tasks of agricultural events. Considering the above, it is of great importance to have information about the scientific research and scientific results achieved by our scientists in this field. To this aim, a bibliometric analysis of articles on root harvesters published in the Scopus database between 1982 and 2022 was used to understand the current state of studying cultivating agricultural products, including root fruits, and harvesting their crops and to provide references for future studies. To carry out this research different tools such as Office Excel 2021, VOS Viewer and Mapchart.net were used. The literature retrieved totaled 201 articles, of which 70% were research papers. During the last four decades, the quantity of published papers has increased significantly. For example, there were 22 papers published in 2019, 22 times increase over the number of papers published in 2002 (1 paper). It was found that the top five countries that published the most literature were China, the United States, India, the United Kingdom, and Canada, which published 44, 43, 12, 12, and 10 articles, respectively. During the chosen period 159 authors from 58 countries contributed to the given field.

This article observes the problems in the study of perspective species of the family Coccinellidae worldwide: a review of papers from the Scopus database published in English for the period of 2007-2021. Trends of publications in the family of Coccinellidae, various journals on Coccinellidae family, authors and their affiliated country, top countries in the study of the Coccinellidae family were analyzed throughout the article. Relying on the results of this analysis, it was found out that paper publishing beat records from 2007 to 2021 with 120 and 62 respectively. Also, number of journals that are frequently used by scholars worldwide were studied. There, top 15 journals were chosen by scholars to publish 721 (44,23 %) of their papers. Countries that held the largest number of researches on the Coccinellidae family was also considered in our article. We identified funding institutions, among which National Natural Science Foundation of China has possessed the largest number with 40. Last but not least, the most influential and productive countries, including China, Brazil, and others, were recorded in our research.

The article considers the problem of recycling waste paper and the main reasons for the deterioration of paper-forming and physical and mechanical indicators of finished products during recycling of recycled fiber. A study was carried out on the effect of increasing the number of recycling cycles of waste paper of the MS-8V brand on such indicators as fractional composition, breaking length and resistance of paper to punching when using a jet-barrier type knifeless grinding unit.

Cellulose and paper products are produced from cotton wool in our republic. Since 1995, the production of these products has increased several times. Nevertheless, 10% of the demand for pulp and paper products in our Republic is met. uring 1988-1993, this growth was 6%, which was 3 times higher than wood pulp production. Extraction of cellulose from annual plants is well developed in China and India. 77% of the world's cellulose obtained from annual plants is produced in these countries. The People's Republic of China gets 50% of its paper output from annual plants. Cellulose was obtained from plants containing cellulose, and their properties were studied. Paper products were obtained from the resulting pulps and its quality indicators were studied based on the standards applied to papers used in industry.

Chitosan occurs in different molecular weights and degrees of deacetylation. Molecular weight and degree of deacetylation are the main factors affecting particle size, particle formation and aggregation. The use of chitosan improved the dry strength of the paper, especially by adding 1% low molecular weight chitosan. But the increase in concentration reduced its dry strength. This can be explained as follows. The connection must correspond to the distance between the segments between the fibers, because they form an inter-fiber connection area. Even if the water molecule is separated from the organic bond with the fibers or not, a large amount of water destroys the bond state of the paper. These factors are important in the paper industry. Paper-like materials were obtained on the basis of cellulose obtained from the stem of the flax plant. The effect of fibers and adhesives in the composition on the quality indicators of the obtained paper was considered. The effects of chitosan and starch glue were compared. It can be explained that the hydrogen bond on the fiber surface is mainly monopolized by the water molecule, because the fiber forms a macroscopic liquid bridge. The weakness of this bridge indicates the wet tensile strength of the paper.

The effects of chitosan, starch, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were studied to improve the surface properties of cellulose-based paper obtained from local raw materials. Polymers are incorporated into the paper canvas by spraying. The results showed that the addition of chitosan to paper webs made from cellulose fibers has improved surface properties compared to the effects of other additives. The effect level of starch was similar to that of chitosan, but it resulted in a lower water absorption potential of paper than chitosan at the same concentration. In many other properties, particularly for printing papers, the most important property being surface smoothness, chitosan treated papers are superior to starch or PVA treated papers.

The prospects for obtaining bioethanol based on secondary bioresources of the pulp and paper industry are discussed in order to close economic cycles. The transformation of sugars of acidic hydrolyzate of deciduous wood into bioethanol by batch culture of a selected strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a combination of various xylose-assimilating yeasts was studied. The ethanol yield from hexose`s part was 46% from fermented sugars, its concentration reached to 9,0±0,6 g l-1. The use of pentose sugars under microaerobic conditions (concentration of dissolved oxygen 0.5-3.0%) gave the efficiency of ethanol production up to 26.7 - 35.5% from fermented sugars. The ethanol concentration in terms of the pentose`s fraction was 3.9-4.5 g l-1 (the yeast Pachysolen tannophilus); 5.2 g l-1 (the yeast Candida tropicalis); 5.6 g l-1 (the yeast Candida shehatae). The total amount of ethanol obtained from both hexose and pentose parts after distillation was 4.2-4.6 g (5.2-5.7 ml) with alcohol by volume 96%.

The way to determine the total microbial contaminants in fresh milk is by the Total Plate Count (TPC) method. The TPC method requires 48 hours, high analytical skills, and high analytical costs. The aim of this research was to design a rapid detection tool for microbial contaminants in fresh milk called Paper Stick Test Kit (PSTK), which is fast, cheap, and easy. The stages of research designing PSTK are: (a) making PSTK, (b) testing the optimal time for using PSTK, and (c) making standard color maps. The results of this research are: (a) the best PSTK is made from cardboard with color indicators made from a mixture of bromothymol blue 0.3 g/250 ml solvent and NaOH 0.01 N; drying PSTK is best done in an oven with a temperature of 100oC, for 20 minutes; (b) the optimal time of application of PSTK in fresh milk is 20 seconds; and c) standard color maps are based on the correlation between microbial contaminant levels in fresh milk and color levels in PSTK dipped in microbial contaminated fresh milk.

Since the federal, state, and local levels of government in Malaysia have all initiated the e-participation project as an integration of the national e-government initiative and combined communication-based applications consisting of government-to-citizen (G2C) orientation, assessment studies have discovered that the delivery of this project carries multiple issues. These include minimal digital knowledge, a lack of awareness, the requirement for more government support for the project, and other factors. This has resulted in certain entities not making the most of e-participation tools. Thus, this review paper intends to examine some relevant acceptance factors of the Malaysian government's e-participation programme, which has received significant investment. This study methodology used the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and the Technology Readiness Index (TRI) to build the research model for this study by exploring the relevant books, journals, online materials, and study reports linked to the e-participation acceptance in Malaysian public sector. The UTAUT and TRI factors may influence the likelihood of its adoption by all Malaysian governments and citizens, which will encourage them to support the use of e-participation in the public sector in Malaysia. The proposed model will evaluate the individual acceptance of e-participation in the Malaysian public sector. This study is anticipated to provide several guidance to relevant parties, particularly the Malaysian Administrative Modernisation and Management Planning Unit (MAMPU), which is one of the most prominent government agencies in Malaysia responsible for modernising and reforming the public sector through the digitalisation process, and other related government agencies in Malaysia. For future studies, additional empirical qualitative and quantitative methodologies are required to validate the findings of this study.

Today the world is facing a major problem of getting rid of wastewater safely so that it does not disrupt the environment. This study analyzed global research trends through wastewater treatment technologies from 2000 to 2020 using Scopus databases. The objective of this article is to carry out a bibliometric analysis regarding the production and impact of scientific research related to wastewater treatment indexed in the Scopus databases. The purpose is to know key aspects such as the progression of production over the two decades, maturity in research, coverage of the subject, identifying the most discussed topics and as a result of identifying the gaps, the most relevant authors and the core of journals through which knowledge in this area is disseminated, as well as its impact through the analysis of citations. Scopus revealed a total of 44 journal articles, 19 conference proceedings, and 1 review paper during this period, with the keywords’ wastewater, treatment. As per the analysis, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan painted the greatest publications connected with wastewater.

Buildings carry people's emotional thoughts. Paper Bamboo House establishes an emotional connection between space and people through characteristic ecological materials, pays attention to people's true perception of buildings, and emphasizes the rhythm of architectural form and rhythm. The architectural design needs to explore the possibility of space existence from the regional culture, rebuild the relationship between the building and the surrounding environment, strive to create a harmonious building that coexists with nature, and practice the regional practice of low-carbon architecture. Advocate to use the comprehensive thinking of reason and art to explore the meaning of space and form.

Medical imaging is currently using artificial intelligence-based technologies to aid evaluate diagnostic information images, particularly in enforcing kidney stones. Artificial intelligence technology continues to develop, many studies show that deep learning is more widely used compared to traditional machine learning, so an Artificial intelligence system is needed to assist the accuracy of health diagnoses, thus helping in the field of radiology health. The aim of the research is to use artificial intelligence with deep learning models to help detect abnormalities in the kidneys. This research method is a literature review of Scopus data related to deep learning in medical imaging in detecting kidney stones. The results of using Artificial Intelligence in medical imaging can be used in diagnosing diseases including detecting Covid-19, musculoskeletal, calcium scores on Cardiac CT, liver tumors, urinary tract lesions, examination of the abdomen and kidney stones. Utilization of Artificial Intelligence in detecting kidney stones can be done with various classification models including XResNet-50, ExDark19, CystoNet, CNN, ANN. Using the right model and having a high accuracy value can help radiologists to accurately detect kidney stones.

In past few years, as indirect convection cooling equipment, heat pipes have grown in favour for a variety of uses, including heat recovery and electronics. A sensible heat is categorized as not having a filter arrangement as a “pulsating heat pipe”. It transfers heat from its evaporator to condenser portions by moving the circulating flow back and forth a reaction of its ongoing phase shift that occurs inside of it. It is difficult to truly understand how it operates since the two-phase flow is the result of combining physical and thermodynamic factors. Despite this, the PHPs have caught the interest of researchers all over the world because of its simple design and large several scenarios necessitating an elevated heat transfer rate. Presented here begins and a preface outlining several researchers’ trying to model experimental explain how PHPs work. A short tabular review of the most recent experimental investigations on PHPs is offered. Novel ideas have been explored, including the use of Nano-fluids to improve PHP performance.

The experimental investigation of the performance of hydrophobic-treated recycled paper mill sludge (RPMS) incorporated into asphalt mixtures is presented in this paper. This research implements RPMS as a solid waste additive to partially replace the mineral filler in the asphalt mixture while practicing green asphalt technology. The raw RPMS required mechanical pre-treatments and its hydrophilic property was modified chemically. The hydrophobicity was assessed by Hydrophilic Coefficient, Water Contact Angle (WCA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The ethanol method, which involved the esterification of ethyl esters that utilized 7ml of waste cooking oil (WCO) and 50ml of ethanol, was adopted. In the Marshall mix design, RPMS was incorporated at 0.5% and 1.0% of the weight of aggregates. Conventional 60/70 PEN bitumen and granite aggregates were used. The optimum binder content (OBC) was evaluated and justified by its adsorption strength. The mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures were determined and compared with the Public Work Department (PWD) specifications. All the volumetric properties satisfied the standard specification by PWD for 0.5% modified RPMS asphalt mixture, and thus it is preferable as it also involved lower binder cost due to the lower OBC achieved.

Sustainability aims at a sound synergy of the economic, ecological and social dimension. To promote sustainable development and guarantee a high living-standard for future generations, all three elements must be balanced. The economy impacts the other two dimensions along the value chain. Particularly critical is the impact of the supply chain as human working conditions and environmental standards must be secured for procurement of materials along complex transportation routes. To tackle this issue, France has passed a Supply Chain Law (Loi de vigilance) in 2017, Britain has passed the Modern Slavery Act which prohibits child labor in 2015 and Germany has passed a Supply Chain Act (Lieferkettengesetz) in June 2021. Furthermore, a EU-wide supply chain law on due diligence and environmental standards for supply chains is expected for 2022. A transparent digitalized version of a company´s supply chain, including its human resources and environmental impact, would facilitate the identification of several sustainability intervention points. Such transparency could lead to not only better and supply chain law-compliant regulations for fairer working conditions and improved social sustainability, but also to optimized circular economy processes. However, there is also the risk that a high level oftransparency in complex supply chains entails very high bureaucratic efforts. With this conceptual outline, we would like to contribute to the discussion of the new German legislation and present a variety of IT solutions to improve and monitor the sustainability of supply chains as well as to reduce the bureaucratic effort which comes with supply chain supervision.

Integrated processing of plant raw materials refers to the primary areas of use of natural resources and their rotection. During the primary processing of bast plants, a large amount of waste remains – a shives. Part of the shives is burned, the rest goes into the dump. Due to its chemical composition, high content of cellulose shives can be used in the production of eco-friendly packaging. Packaging can be obtained with the complete or partial replacement of waste paper in its composition. Thanks to this, the issue of the shortage of waste paper at the enterprises of recycling of secondary raw materials will also be resolved. The purpose of the work is the production of eco-friendly biodegradable packaging from flax shives in industrial conditions. The paper presents the results of samples of lumpy egg packaging obtained by vacuum casting with the use of flax production waste. In industrial conditions, it was possible to replace part of the waste paper on the fire. For more efficient use, the shives was pre-ground to the consistency of wood flour M-560. The following indicators were determined: humidity, strength, moisture absorption capacity, antibacterial properties. The obtained results showed the optimal ratio of the mixture components, processing modes. According to all indicators, the packaging with a bone is not inferior, and in the case of tensile strength and antibacterial properties exceeds the normalized values.

There is a growing demand for detailed building façade models (Level-of-Detail 3: LoD 3) in a variety of applications. Despite the increasing number of papers addressing this issue in the literature, occlusions are still a significant problem when processing building façade elements. Conversely, depending on the view angle of the images, the detected elements might not be projected to their accurate locations causing uncertainties in their 3D locations. In this paper, we address the aforementioned issues utilizing multi-view images. Using a building footprint layer, we first locate the points belonging to buildings. We then detect the 2D windows and doors in images by combining Faster R-CNN and Segment Anything (SAM) deep learning models. The 2D borders are projected into the 3D object space using a pinhole camera model and collinearity equations. Utilizing the multi-view capabilities of mobile scanning systems, this method effectively mitigates uncertainties associated with occlusion and exterior orientation parameters (EOP). This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of 3D spatial accuracy, achieving an average of 84% Intersection over Union (IoU) accuracy for 12 different single-sided façades over 750 multi-view images for 312 windows and doors of various sizes with rectangular and curved shapes.

This paper explores the evolution and future perspectives of agricultural policies in Tunisia, focusing on their role in enhancing food security. The agricultural sector, while contributing around 9% to GDP and employing 16% of the active population, faces numerous challenges including water scarcity, climate change, and economic pressures from international trade. The study identifies that despite economic diversification, agriculture remains crucial for rural livelihoods and food security. Also, the paper critiques existing policies, particularly the inefficiencies in subsidies and the complexity of administrative procedures, which disadvantage small farmers. The analysis underscores the need for policy reforms aimed at improving farmers’ incomes, reducing policy costs, and enhancing efficiency. Recommendations include developing infrastructure, promoting modern agricultural technologies, and adjusting trade policies to better balance export promotion with import substitution. The study concludes that a dynamic and transparent agricultural policy, responsive to international changes and inclusive of all farmer categories, is essential for sustainable agricultural development and food security in Tunisia.

Hyperspectral image classification is vital for various remote sensing applications; however, it remains challenging due to the complex and high-dimensional nature of hyperspectral data. This paper introduces a novel approach to address this challenge by leveraging spectral and spatial features through a lightweight HResNeXt model. The proposed model is designed to overcome the limitations of traditional methods by combining residual connections and cardinality to enable efficient and effective feature extraction from hyperspectral images, capturing both spectral and spatial information simultaneously. Furthermore, the paper includes an in-depth analysis of the learned spectral–spatial features, providing valuable insights into the discriminative power of the proposed approach. The extracted features exhibit strong discriminative capabilities, enabling accurate classification even in challenging scenarios with limited training samples and complex spectral variations. Extensive experimental evaluations are conducted on four benchmark hyperspectral data sets, the Pavia university (PU), Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Salinas scene (SA), and Indian Pines (IP). The performance of the proposed method is compared with the state-of-the-art methods. The quantitative and visual results demonstrate the proposed approach’s high classification accuracy, noise robustness, and computational efficiency superiority. The HResNeXt obtained an overall accuracy on PU, KSC, SA, and IP, 99.46%, 81.46%, 99.75%, and 98.64%, respectively. Notably, the lightweight HResNeXt model achieves competitive results while requiring fewer computational resources, making it well-suited for real-time applications.

Localized interface shear strength failures have occurred below the tracks of a bulldozer during placement and spreading of cover soils on slopes lined with geosynthetics. The mechanisms of these types of failures are rarely considered and evaluated in design reports and calculations. A paper on this subject was recently published by Thiel and Giroud [1], but the analyses presented in that paper were limited to upslope bulldozer pushing. The present paper extends those analyses to consider downslope bulldozer pushing and deceleration forces. The paper presents straightforward equations of equilibrium that the user can easily input into a spreadsheet to model various geometries, bulldozer sizes, and shear strengths, and to determine the acceptable size of the soil pile being pushed for those conditions. The equations provided should be useful for design engineers to avoid localized slippage on slopes where bulldozers are spreading soil materials over geosynthetics, or for forensic experts who evaluate why slippage may have occurred.

The paper discusses the critical importance of surface roughness measurement in CNC milling processes, particularly when working with Al- 6061 alloy. It highlights the challenges being faced by existing methodologies while assessing surface roughness accurately and it also emphasizes the need for a more systematic approach. Leveraging the Taguchi Method, the study aims to optimize surface roughness measurement parameters to improve machining outcomes. The novelty of the research lies in its application of the Taguchi Method to develop a projecting model specifically for optimizing roughness of surface of Al-6061 alloy in CNC Milling. By analyzing the factors influencing surface roughness and their interactions, the study aims to provide insights that can enhance machining accuracy and efficiency. The anticipated benefits of this research to the machining community include offering a more efficient and accurate approach to surface roughness measurement, thereby improving machining quality and productivity. The paper serves as a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners looking to enhance their understanding and practices in the context of Al-6061 alloy machining. It’s noted that several factors, such as speed of the spindle,Cutting depth, cutting depth, geometry of the tool, and material stuffs, influence the final roughness of surface. In this Taguchi Method that implemented to address the challenge of finding optimized conditions for the best surface finish by identifying the optimal grouping of variable parameters.Overall, the paper presents a promising methodology to improving roughness of surface measurement in the CNC milling processes, particularly for Al-6061 alloy, and offers potential insights that could benefit the machining industry.Aluminum is one of the most widely used metals in the construction of airplanes, trucks, spaceships etc. where high strength and light weight are required. Aluminum is used here for the observation.

The development of digital technologies has significantly increased the effectiveness of production and research, especially in the oil and gas industry, where mathematical modeling plays a significant role in equipment design. This paper presents research aimed at developing digital twins of process equipment and focuses on heat exchangers with different types of baffles. The main focus is on comparing the effectiveness of segmental, helical, spiral and disk-ring type baffles as well as tube finning for heat transfer intensification. Numerical experiments using ANSYS CFX for modeling of hydrodynamics and heat transfer in shell and tube heat exchangers with different baffle designs have been carried out. The results showed that disk-ring baffles provide the highest effectiveness of heat transfer, but lead to inhomogeneous velocity and pressure distributions. Spiral baffles showed a significant improvement in heat transfer with relatively low hydraulic resistance, despite difficulties in fabrication and installation. Segmental baffles remain the most popular due to their simplicity and low cost, while rod baffles require further research due to their low effectiveness and high resistance. The paper concludes by recommending the development of digital twins and their use in equipment design, modernization and operation to select optimal mode parameters and solve structural optimization objectives, which has a positive effect on the effectiveness and reliability of equipment in operation.

The paper is focused on the analysis of modern methods of calculation of socket assemblies in pressure vessels. Socket assemblies are important elements of high-stress pressure vessel structures. The authors review traditional and modern design methods, including the Finite Element Method (FEM) and empirical approaches such as the Welding Research Council (WRC) recommendations. The advantages of using FEM are discussed, as it allows for complex geometric and loading conditions that are critical to reliable design. The paper also discusses the effects of geometric parameters, new materials and coatings, and various joint strengthening methods. Results from parametric analysis and experimental research are presented, confirming the importance of accurate modeling in ensuring the durability and safety of pressure vessels.

The paper analyzes the efficiency of an air conditioner with additional cooling. The analysis of various designs has shown that there are a number of opportunities to improve their circuit and design solutions, as well as the use of additional reserves that increase the energy efficiency of air conditioners. The paper proposes a method for improving the operation of an air conditioner by introducing additional cooling. Temperature versus time dependences were plotted for various thermal loads on the condenser and evaporator. The data obtained in this work are the results of a study of the use of condensate to reduce the temperature level of the condenser compressor.

Sustainable energy development is increasingly crucial for BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) due to their growing economic and energy demands. This paper explores the collaborative efforts of these countries in developing sustainable energy technologies and innovations. Each BRICS nation brings unique strengths, such as Brazil’s biofuel advancements, China’s leadership in solar and wind energy, and India’s ambitious solar projects. The research investigates how these strengths can be leveraged collectively to address global energy challenges. Key findings highlight both the progress made through joint initiatives and the significant barriers, including economic disparities, policy misalignment, and geopolitical tensions. The paper concludes that, while BRICS has the potential to lead global sustainable energy transitions, overcoming these challenges is essential for realizing this goal and setting a global example.

The increasing integration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the power grid necessitates advanced power electronics solutions to ensure efficient, reliable, and stable operation. This paper presents an overview of state-of-the-art power electronic technologies that facilitate the integration of renewable energy systems, such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy, into the modern power grid. The role of advanced converter topologies, control strategies, and grid-interfacing techniques in improving power quality, system efficiency, and stability is discussed. Additionally, innovative approaches in multi-level inverters, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), and smart grid compatibility are explored. The challenges and opportunities associated with the seamless integration of renewable energy into the grid are highlighted, emphasizing the need for further advancements in power electronic devices, such as wide bandgap semiconductor materials, to enhance overall system performance. This paper aims to provide insights into how advanced power electronics can be leveraged to promote the efficient and sustainable integration of renewable energy into existing power infrastructures.

High-power energy storage devices, such as lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, face significant thermal challenges during operation, which can affect their performance, safety, and longevity. Effective thermal management strategies are crucial for maintaining optimal temperature ranges, preventing thermal runaway, and ensuring efficient energy output. This paper explores various thermal management techniques, including active and passive cooling systems, phase change materials, and advanced heat sink designs, specifically tailored for high-power applications. A comprehensive analysis of these strategies is provided, along with insights into their implementation in real-world energy storage systems. Additionally, the paper discusses recent advancements in thermal management technologies and proposes potential improvements to enhance the safety and efficiency of high-power energy storage devices.

This review paper evaluates the integration of Space Vector Modulation (SVM) with basic multilevel inverters and compares it with other modulation strategies to address Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). MLIs are able to generate high-quality voltage waveforms, but they often suffer from THD, which can affect system performance. The paper reviews various modulation strategies, including Space Vector Modulation (SVM), various SPWM techniques, analyzing their effectiveness in reducing harmonic distortion. SVM is highlighted for its ability to optimize switching patterns, significantly reducing THD and improving waveform quality. The review encompasses simulation results for each technique. By providing a comparative analysis, the paper offers insights into how different modulation methods can enhance the efficiency and performance of power conversion systems across various industrial applications.

This paper investigates the potential of blockchain technology to transform energy markets through peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading. Blockchain enables decentralized, transparent, and secure energy transactions, allowing consumers to trade electricity directly, thereby reducing reliance on traditional centralized systems. The study examines the main challenges facing current energy markets, including inefficiencies, pricing complexities, and the integration of renewable energy sources. By utilizing smart contracts, blockchain automates and secures energy exchanges, giving consumers a more active role in the market. The paper also explores the technical aspects of implementing blockchain in energy trading, such as infrastructure needs and scalability issues, while addressing the regulatory, legal, economic, and environmental implications of this technology. Real-world examples and case studies underscore the potential of blockchain to foster more resilient, efficient, and sustainable energy markets.

Grid emission factor has become the most critical variable in carbon market quota allocation and carbon footprint accounting of international trade products. Different grid emission factors will lead to great differences in carbon emissions of enterprises or products. It is found that the temporal resolution, spatial resolution and energy distribution of cogeneration have great influence on the emission factors of power grid. This paper uses the data of China’s power industry to carry out empirical analysis. For each dimension, we set different choices and explore their specific impacts. It is found that the different choices of the three dimensions will cause 5.01%, 20.59%, 4.38% differences in the calculation results of grid emission factors. Finally, based on the research results, this paper puts forward suggestions from three aspects: authoritative guidance, data accuracy and international communication, in order to provide reference for Scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions accounting and reporting.

In this paper, the strategies to enhance the stability of fuel cell catalyst support are reviewed, with an emphasis on enhancing the graphitization degree (GD) of carbon support. Carbon-based materials are popular as support for O2 reduction reaction cathode catalysts owing to their high specific surface area, remarkable electronic conductivity and low cost. However, long-term operation in the harsh conditions of high acidity, high potential and extreme humidity, can easily lead to electrochemical corrosion of carbon support, thus affecting the activity and life of the catalyst. This paper reviews the judgment method of GD of carbon carrier, the influence of GD on material stability, and the strategy of enhancing the GD value.