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The author proposes in this paper to question the impact on personality of the main evolutions of social organization during the last centuries. Starting from the postulate that the social organization determines the structure of the subjectivity, the author underlines, according to the work of Marcel Gauchet, the gradual transition from a "traditional personality", immersed in the community, to a "contemporary personality" who ignores his inscription in the community. This lack of enrollment in the community could determine the emergence of some kind of psychiatric disorders (identity disorders, borderline states, depression, behavioral disorders in children), related to the greatest narcissistic vulnerability of subjects, more delivered to themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Première femme médecin-psychiatre à avoir eu, bien avant les années 1920, une expérience et un contact direct avec l’institution psychiatrique à Vienne, puis à Berlin, Helene Deutsch a ensuite entrepris une formation psychanalytique suivie de fonctions psychanalytiques institutionnelles à Vienne, puis – à partir des années 1934 – à Boston. Elle a produit une œuvre riche et controversée qui anime encore les débats sur le féminin, la personnalité, la maternité, l’érotisme dans la psychanalyse et la sociologie contemporaines. First woman who as psychiatric practitioner before 1920, Helene Deutsch began her career in psychiatric institution in Vienne and Berlin. She trained further in psychoanalysis first in Vienne, and in Boston. She also developed formal training for therapists and analysts. She also wrote several famous papers on female sexuality and about women's psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]