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The global shift towards sustainable energy resources highlights the importance of biomass as a promising path for generating green, renewable energy. This study synthesizes modern research and technological improvements in biomass feedstocks, bioenergy conversion approaches, and integrated biorefinery systems. It explores the multifaceted position of biomass in addressing power safety, mitigating climate change, and fostering financial improvement, in particular in emerging economies. The paper evaluates diverse biomass resources, along with lignocellulosic materials, dairy waste, and microalgae, and discusses their conversion into biofuels and biochemicals via tactics including fermentation, anaerobic digestion, and biochemical conversion. It similarly delves into the environmental and monetary implications of biomass usage, highlighting the challenges and opportunities in enhancing efficiency, reducing fees, and making sure sustainability. By supplying a comprehensive evaluate of the modern country and future instructions of bioenergy research, this paper pursuit to make contributions to the development of low-carbon, renewable fuel options and advance the global transition towards a more sustainable and varied energy portfolio.

This study examines the numerous pre-processing techniques used to convert biomass into greater sustainable biofuels and commodities, highlighting the boom in productivity and the supply of a greater uniform, dry, and suitable feedstock. by using addressing the demanding situations associated with biomass size, layout, moisture content, and variability, this study delves into mechanical procedures, drying, torrefaction, palletization, hydrolysis, hydrothermal, and microwave-primarily based strategies as possible solutions. It explores the utilization of various biomass types, which include wood, woody biomass, herbaceous streams, and agricultural streams, and assesses their impact on bioenergy production and environmental sustainability. The study also considers the position of algae, specially microalgae, in offering bioactive materials with substantial health advantages and their ability in overcoming land-use concerns associated with traditional biomass. moreover, the paper evaluates the environmental affects and sustainability of biomass usage, advocating for microalgae as a promising feedstock for 1/3-technology biofuels. The research is grounded in the context of the increasing need to reduce reliance on fossil fuels due to urbanization and population enlargement, which make contributions to environmental degradation.