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1, 4-Butanediol (BDO) is an important organic and fine chemical raw material, but the waste liquid (BDO tar) discoal charged from the BDO production plant is complex in composition, contains salt, and is complicated to handle. In this study, BDO tar was treated by the method of waste-coal water slurry, and the gasification process of blending BDO tar was studied. The results show that as the BDO tar content increases, the organic component in the BDO tar causes the temperature point corresponding to the peak of the maximum reaction rate to migrate to the high temperature zone during the initial temperature to 150 °C. In the temperature range of 200 °C~300 °C, the weight loss of BDO tar leads to a significant weight loss peak of TG curves. From 600 °C to the final reaction temperature range, the alkali metal Na enriches the surface of the coal char with more active “spot”, and due to the alkali metal Na limits the graphitization of coal char, the active sites increase, which increases the coal char gasification reaction activity.