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Serious problems in education in Latin America arising from political, economic, and social change periodically put in question the status, objectives, and manner of French second-language instruction. A number of solutions to general and specific pedagogical problems are proposed. (MSE)

This paper examines the African diaspora within the long-term exhibits on Brazilian history at the National Historical Museum (MHN) between the 1980s and 2020s. Articulating institutional sources and scientific literature, this study identified that, despite efforts to broaden the approach to the Afro-diasporic experience by means of commemorative dates, such as the centennial of abolition, in 1988, the topic is silenced and made invisible in the MHN’s exhibitions. Finally, the paper proposes other possibilities of reading the African diaspora on display, sharing recent experiences and pointing out new paths for the writing of history in exhibition projects developed by the institution.

This paper discusses the senses and meanings attributed to physical culture, its conceptions, functions, and role within nineteenth-century Brazil’s educational system. By focusing on diverse kinds of schools as spaces of reference for children and adolescents and the efforts to shape their bodies, this work analyzes the importance of youth for national projects and how educators tried to represent young ideal bodies in school curricula as they made the transition from infancy to adulthood. It also shows how the body is a complex web of ideas and representations, a territory fought over within state institutional spaces. By understanding the “new behaviors” that the modern state wished to promote, the present paper focuses on how physical education shaped health and hygiene conditions through bodily exercises and the pivotal role played by schools within the strategy to transform young students into healthy, strong, disciplined citizens ready to serve the nation.

This paper discusses the deadly use of violence as a public security agenda, focusing on police lethality and military interventions. Through a literature review to understanding concepts – such as “war,” for example – used in public security policy agendas, the study seeks to frame the notion of political violence, mainly referring to the policies designed to combat violence in Brazil. The objective is to problematize the public security policy based on the idea of confrontation, which adopts the logic of war and the notion of “enemy”. The paper is divided into three parts. The first is a conceptual approach to violence and war, and the second is the analysis of the dynamic of deadly use of force. Finally, the third part is a contextual analysis of violence in Rio de Janeiro, its characteristics, and central actors, using official statistics on violence in the region. Este artículo se ocupa del uso letal de la violencia como parte de los programas de seguridad pública. Nos centramos en la letalidad policial y las intervenciones militares. A través de un repaso de la literatura para entender algunos conceptos -por ejemplo, “guerra”- utilizados en los programas de políticas de seguridad pública, pretendemos enmarcar la noción de violencia política, refiriéndonos principalmente a las políticas diseñadas para combatir la violencia en Brasil. El objetivo es problematizar la política de seguridad pública basada en la idea de confrontación, la cual adopta la lógica de la guerra y la noción de un “enemigo”. El artículo se divide en tres partes: la primera es un acercamiento conceptual a la violencia y la guerra, y la segunda es el análisis de la dinámica del uso letal de la fuerza. Finalmente, la tercera parte es un análisis contextual de la violencia en Río de Janeiro, sus características y sus actores principales, utilizando estadísticas oficiales de la violencia en la región. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1181

Copyright of Philological Research & Studies. Romance Languages Series / Studii şi Cercetări Filologice. Seria Limbi Romanice is the property of Philological Research & Studies. Romance Languages Series and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract This paper examines the behaviour of credit rating agencies (CRAs) during the ebbing ‘pink tide’. It claims that the actions of S&P Global, Moody’s and Fitch contributed to dismantling left-wing regimes in Latin America, to the benefit of their right-wing competitors. The methodology draws on case studies of Brazil and Argentina, where the governments of Dilma Rousseff and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner were replaced by those of Michel Temer and Mauricio Macri, respectively. The research is based on sovereign ratings, reports and press releases the agencies issued during those transitions, which are analysed in the light of critical theories of their modus operandi and confronted with the political processes unfolding in both countries. This allows us to draw conclusions that are consistent with the presented argument, thereby contributing to advance the research agenda around the CRAs and to shed light on Brazil and Argentina’s recent critical presidential transitions.

The various cultures that coexist in Brazil have established a specific dialogue between them. The mythical elements present in the imaginary originate from various continents. It is possible to understand these images, their dynamics and their dialogues through a myth-criticism of the media. In this paper, we shall analyze images linked to a specific theme such as hunger, and its various artistic expressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revue Anthropologie et Sociétés is the property of Anthropologie et Societies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cultures et Conflits is the property of Centre d'Etudes sur les Conflits, Revue Cultures & Conflits and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Brazil, the cult of saints brings into focus differences between formerly hegemonic Catholics and an increasing number of Evangelicals. In the context of a small town where a vernacular saint is worshipped, the practice of hagiographic narratives is viewed as a means of testing certainty. Analysis of these narratives (motifs or plots), the order of their episodes and the situations in which they are spoken reveals differing ways of exploring doubt and certainty. The missing elements that leave the story open are seen as ‘commonalities’, which contribute to social cohesion, allowing for creative reinterpretations of past and present events. The paper concludes with a brief comparison of the implications of exchanges of goods and exchanges of words, which demonstrates the role of the latter in the construction of the group’s social temporality. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The paper deals with two film adaptations of the myth of Orpheus that were made in Brazil in 1959 and 1999. In view of the fact that in both films Orpheus appears as Afro-Brazilian, these two versions of the myth may be related to Sartre’s concept of Black Orpheus, and the movement of Negritude that appeared in Paris in the 1930s as an answer of the black francophone intellectuals to racial myths and colonial stereotypes. Regarding the fact that the European attitude towards ancient Greece is also characteristic of another kind of colonialism that is cultural, based on the claim of exclusive right to this past, the ancient myth that often appears only as a mirror of this relationship, functions in these films as a space for subversion and resistance to different types of colonial power. The films that are the focus of this paper are Black Orpheus (1959) directed by Marcel Camus, which is a French-Italian-Brazilian co-production, and Orpheus (1999) by Carlos Diegues, an entirely Brazilian production. Both films were inspired by the theatrical play written by Vinícius de Moraes, Orfeu da Conceição (1953). Although he himself participated in the production of Camus’s Black Orpheus, in the end he refused to be credited because in the film, the main idea of his drama was lost, which was to show Afro-Brazilians as the main protagonists of the Greek myth pointing out injustices and difficulties of Afro-Brazilian people in social reality, but also in the context of cultural and racial hegemony that clearly claimed the ancient Greek myth to be the heritage of European white men. Similarly, disappointed, Carlos Diegues decided to make another film together with Vinícius de Moraes. However, the plan was interrupted by Moraes death in 1980, but Diegues succeeded in filming it in 1999. The paper compares the two films focusing on the question to which extent these films challenge or confirm European cultural elitism, racial stereotypes and class inequalities.

Pharmacopoeias are, like any kind of cultural production, living and dynamic objects that constantly change and reinvent themselves through continuous contacts and exchanges between different social groups. Medicinal plants are “biocultural objects” (Pordié, 2002) because of the richness and the complexity of relationships that societies develop with them. In French Guiana, especially in its cross-border areas, cultural interactions are common. Plants and associated knowledge circulate among communities, contributing to a permanent renewal and a continuous hybridization of herbal medicines. These material and immaterial flows form the cultural reality of cross-border areas on the Guiana Shield. This paper focuses on the border between French Guiana and Brazil, which is made tangible by the Oyapock River. This border is a relatively recent political construction as it was only established in 1900 after a Swiss arbitration ended a long diplomatic conflict between France and Brazil. Even if a process of “rebordering” (Moullé, 2017) has been observed lately – despite the opening of the Oyapock bridge – the two sides of the River are part of the same dynamic cultural space since both share a relative remoteness from their respective centre. As well, constant social, economic and cultural circulations take place between the French town of Saint-Georges-de-l’Oyapock and the Brazilian town of Oiapoque. In this context, ethnobotanical circulations – namely, exchanges of medicinal plants and associated knowledge – are a fair illustration of the shared cultural dimension between people. Based on interviews with 23 inhabitants of the French town of Saint-Georges-de-l’Oyapock, the paper offers an exploratory description of ethnobotanical flows in the context of the cross-border area. It lists the medicinal plants used in Saint-Georges and analyses the diffusion of associated knowledge between the different communities. Results show that 92% of the 139 identified plants are used by several communities, and 40% of them are used among four to five different social groups. While most of the used plants are exotic species, their use is quite transversal to the socio-cultural components of Saint-Georges population. Nevertheless, the analysis shows that most of the knowledge transmission about medicinal plants happens inside the same community and via inter-generational means. The use of the same species and medicinal knowledge by different groups is therefore the result of a long-term process. Currently, it seems that early-established communities are more likely to share their knowledge with other groups than newly arrived groups, who integrate local uses to their own pharmacopoeias but seldom share their knowledge. Even though inter-community exchanges are discreet, they still contribute to vivid dynamics of local pharmacopoeias, illustrated by current ethnobotanical “interculturalisation” (Tareau, 2019), relocation and juxtapositions of phytotherapeutical practices, as well as new practices based on combinations between treatments from different origins. The cross-border area is therefore a place of cultural hybridization, in a context of intensive circulations of people and goods between two socio-political systems (Map 1). Practices of medical pluralism explain some of the to-and-fro moves of people on the border: while Brazilians come to Saint-Georges’ dispensary for health treatment, French Amerindians and Creoles visit Terras Indigenas villages in Brazil for consulting pajés . The pajés may also come to Saint-Georges to visit their family and treat sick persons. At the regional scale, circulations for access to care contribute to the delineation of a large health circulation area on the border. The latter also acts as an attraction factor for flows of processed medicinal plants, which find in Oiapoque an interface for entering the Guianese health market (see Map 1). Several factors explain this regional export capacity of Brazilian herbal goods: the presence of Brazilian diaspora and the diffusion of its pharmacopoeia in French Guiana along with the marketing strength of Brazilian herbal pharmacies and the presence of herbalists in Oaipoque, although they are not allowed in France. All these contribute to the development of flows of dried medicinal plants and processed herbal items from inner and Southern Brazil to French Guiana, and therefore to the relentless evolution of local pharmacopoeias.

This paper aims to discuss, in the light of the Brazilian economy experience, the phenomenon of currency war in recent years. The paper’s hypothesis is that the major trading partners of the country artificially devalued their currencies to attenuate the eRects of the subprime crisis. For this purpose, the method of Vec- tor Autoregression (VAR) was used to test the hypothesis. The results showed that this policy was used by the United States and also by the European Union in recent years. Moreover, the theory of international relations points the way out of this particular question, namely, that countries should cooperate to have advantages in international trade, otherwise trade relations will be significantly reduced.

Copyright of Droit et Cultures is the property of Revue Droit et Cultures - Université Paris Nanterre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Anthropologie et Sociétés is the property of Anthropologie et Societies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Do civil society organizations have a didactic role in instructing its members about politics that extrapolates the immediate issues of interest of that organization? Most of the literature, especially that on the role of the participatory budgeting process of the Workers´ Party in Brazil, claims that such meetings are an opportunity structure for individuals to come together and not only debate their local problems, but also discuss politics more broadly. The same logic applies to other forms of activism, such as participation in Labor Unions, political parties, neighborhood associations and even church groups. This paper attempts to test, using a unique public opinion panel dataset of Brazilian voters collected in the 2002 elections, if activists are, in fact, better informed about politics, specifically, about campaign issues. In addition, the paper also tests if potential informational gaps caused by gender, race and class are attenuated by participation in civil society organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper presents a solid normative approach in military ethics, which justifies the rule of law in a constitutional regime capable of fixing the proper role of the Armed Forces in Brazil. Deploying this ethical framework, it analyzes the relevant literature, especially authors who defend civilian supremacy for the good functioning of a democratic society. Afterwards, some models of civil-military relations are introduced to establish the parameters and indicators of proper democratic consolidation. These parameters are applied to recent events, revealing that Brazil is regressing in its civilian control over the military. Finally, some practical proposals for reversing this tendency are put forward in pursuit of a fully democratic regime in Brazil.

With the opening of the Atlantic routes and the encounter between Europeans and indigenous populations, several sources and information started to circulate about the inhabitants of the New World. Literary accounts, graphic representations and ethnographic objects began to be disseminated, greatly influencing the construction of stereotypical, generic and often ambiguous representations. The text focuses on the Brazilian context, considering objects – such as those made with feather and weapons – that are still quite popular in the global imaginary. The way Europeans perceived them, on the one hand reflected the contradictions of theological and philosophical speculation, while on the other hand bound them to the categories of wonder, curiosity and alterity. In this paper, we shall analyze how collecting these objects, their recontextualization and their comparison with literary and graphic sources influenced the way in which the European imaginary invented and freeze framed a composite portrait of indigenous people.

This paper analyzes the institutionalization of the federal policy of support for family farming in Brazil. The first part presents the trajectory of the National Support Program for Family Farming (Pronaf), its origin, and previous mechanisms dedicated to small rural producers. The second part discusses the program’s results and elaborates on them by analyzing the latest federal measures concerning family farming. To draw lessons from Brazil’s long-standing and dense experience with family farming measures, this paper uses the methodology of social history of public policy. This approach draws on an extensive bibliography from the Brazilian and international academy, official statistics and government archives, as well as personal interviews with the policymakers, actors, and beneficiaries of these policies. The results demonstrate the growing complexity of global references, instruments, actors, and mediators of these policies between the years 1990-2000, which made Brazil a true laboratory of public policies for rural development until the suppression of a large part of these institutions and resources in 2016.

This paper analyzes the construction of crafts markets in the southern region of Brazil, the remains of the largest agrifood center of pork and poultry products in Latin America. However, it’s been a little more than a decade that this same region witnesses a vigorous growth of small-scale production derived from pork (salami and other sausages), cheese, jams and jellies, canned vegetables, pasta, cookies and brown sugar, wine and grape juice, among others. In this region, such products are called “colonial products”, food traditionally processed in farms, for the farmers own consumption, by the descendants of Italian and German - the “settlers”. Thus, this paper analyzes the various aspects of existence and expansion of this market and its importance for the construction of differentiated products quality markets, for territorial valorization and to foster the farmer’s organization in small cooperatives networks.

Copyright of Frontières is the property of Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Revue Frontieres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this paper is to analyze networks established by Peruvian students in Brazil. Brazil is not their usual destination, however this country has become attractive from the moment they were able to obtain information from their compatriots about scholarships and research opportunities. Peruvian students indeed help newcomers and encourage their fellow citizens remaining in the country of origin to go study in Brazil. They use the resources available in their networks to encourage other Peruvians study in Brazil, which gives them an important role in student migration chain thus constituted, different and complementary to that played by official institutions. This paper is based on ethnographic work conducted in 2011 and 2012, supported by a literature search and interviews with Peruvians who studied in Rio de Janeiro.

This paper questions the image of “religious tolerance” in Brazil forged by representations of common sense and by numerous scientific works, which permeate schools and teaching practices. The article answers the following questions: How are situations involving religions handled in the school environment? How does the functioning of the school contribute to the process of building “religious tolerance” or its myth? From a comparative ethnographic perspective, two schools with distant social characteristics have been inquired. We conclude that the functioning of the schools feeds differentiated conditions of possibility for a pragmatic logic of action, frequently favored by professionals (teachers, etc.), which may really promote religious tolerance in some cases, or the construction of its myth in other ones.

This paper analyzes the lives of rural activists in the Nordeste of Brazil, in order to examine the ways in which empowerment is constructed. Getting involved in the Nordeste Rural Women Workers' Movement (MMTR) allows women to become politicised and break with their own invisibility and stigmatisation. This process of individual empowerment is articulated around the construction of a 'we': 'We are diverse rural workers.' Laying claim to one's belonging to a group also sends a message to women outside of the movement, and allows activists to carry out a transmission of their knowledge. In terms of their practices, gender roles are renegotiated, in different ways for each person, but always tending towards an 'acting for oneself', and pushing certain individuals to laying claim to academic and political spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Caravelle: Cahiers du Monde Hispanique et Luso-Bresilien is the property of Presses Universitaires du Mirail and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we analyze the potentialities and weaknesses of the 2010 and 2022 population censuses for studies on paid domestic work in Brazil. To this end, we present the characteristics of the main Brazilian statistical data sources and discuss the differences, advantages and disadvantages of the two censuses for studies on the subject. Finally, we examine some statistics on paid domestic work based on the results of the 2010 census.

The paper aims to analyse the street-level bureaucrats’ (SLBs) perception of President Bolsonaro’s administration’s effects on Brazilian environmental policy, emphasising deforestation prevention and control in the Legal Amazon1. Besides the policy dismantling concepts, a theoretical model integrating three complementary analytical dimensions of SLBs’ action – institutional, individual, and relational – was employed in a case-oriented investigation of environmental bureaucrats – Ibama Inspectors and ICMBio Agents. The inquiry used Systematic Content Analysis on interviews with these agents involved in deforestation inspection and control activities. The empirical results confirm the hypotheses that an active dismantling process has been ongoing since the beginning of Bolsonaro’s administration; however, the perceptions of Ibama inspectors seem more intense, especially regarding the institutional dimension. The research illustrates the adverse effects of this process on the agencies and bureaucratic capacities, generating paralysis and setbacks in deforestation inspection and control policies and posing serious risks to the environmental protection in the country. This article contributes to the advancement of knowledge about the strategies that a far-right populist government deliberately adopted to reduce the role of the State, weaken professional bureaucracy, dismantle policies and favour particular interests of groups.

Este trabalho analisa a forma com a qual o selo postal brasileiro contribuiu para a construção de representações da religião católica em relação a outras práticas religiosas. Foi considerado, para isso, a concepção deste artefato enquanto media, texto semiótico e sua estreita relação com o discurso religioso. O corpus é composto por selos postais comemorativos brasileiros emitidos durante o século XX. A sua identificação e análise foi feita a partir do catálogo RHM. Entre o ano de 1900 e 2000, os Correios emitiram 2354 selos postais do tipo comemorativo. A partir da observação e identificação de recorrências religiosas foram compilados 222 selos postais comemorativos. O estudo correlacionou a recorrente temática religiosa com o contexto histórico brasileiro, considerando o declínio do catolicismo como maioria religiosa no país e às representações das práticas religiosas nas mídias. A conclusão indica a influência da Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil, junto ao Ministério das Comunicações e dos Correios do Brasil, consagrando e enaltecendo a visibilidade de personalidades, eventos e a práxis católica, como um discurso único e superior às demais práticas religiosas. Abstract This paper analyses the way in which postal Brazilian stamps have contributed to the construction of representations of the catholic religion regarding other religious practices. In this sense, the conception of these stamps was taken into account as media, semioptical texts in close relation with the religious speech. The corpus is composed by postal commemorative Brazilian stamps issued during the twentieth century. The identification and analyzes of the stamps were made through RHM catalogue. Between the year of 1900 and 2000, the Brazilian post offices issued 2.354 commemorative postage stamps. From the observation and identification of religious recurrences 222 commemorative stamps were compiled. The study correlated the recurring religious theme with the historical Brazilian context, taking into account the decline of the Catholicism as the major religion in Brazil and also the representations of the religious practices in the media. The conclusion of this paper indicates the influence of the National Conference of the Bishops of Brazil regarding the Ministry of the Communications, establishing and enforcing the visibility of Brazilian personalities, events, and also of catholic practices taken as special and superior in comparison with other religious practices.Key-words: Brazil; Religion; Postage Stamps; Social Representation; Visibility.

Diversos estudos se dedicaram a compreender como temas relacionados a ciência e tecnologia (C&T) são cobertos pela mídia, mas poucos analisaram a presença desses temas na primeira página dos jornais. Neste estudo, fizemos uma análise de conteúdo das chamadas de capa relativas a temas de C&T veiculadas em 2006, em um jornal de elite nacional (Folha de S.Paulo) e dois jornais regionais (Jornal do Commercio, de Pernambuco, e Zero Hora, do Rio Grande do Sul). Observamos que os três jornais, embora com intensidade diferente, deram espaço a C&T na capa. Folha de S.Paulo levou o tema às capas com maior frequência, ao passo que Zero Hora foi o jornal que lhe deu mais destaque na capa.Many studies have tried to understand how the media covers topics related to science and technology (S&T) but few have examined the presence of these topics on the front pages of newspapers. This study analyzes the content of front-page leads about S&T in 2006, focusing on one elite national paper (Folha de S.Paulo) and two regional papers (Jornal do Commercio, from Pernambuco, and Zero Hora, from Rio Grande do Sul). It was noted that all three papers devoted front-page space to S&T, although to differing degrees. Folha de S.Paulo featured the topic more often, while Zero Hora highlighted it the most on its front pages.

O artigo avalia a Política Nacional de Exportação de Material de Emprego Militar e seu impacto nas relações brasileiro-centro-americanas durante os anos 1970 e 1980. Parte-se do critério que o comércio internacional de armas implica relevantes consequências políticas, econômicas e estratégicas, especialmente quando se trata de transferências para países em conflito interno ou regional. O texto utiliza fontes primárias resgatadas no Arquivo Histórico do Ministério das Relações Exteriores do Brasil (AHMRE).The paper explores the Brazilian's Arms Transfer Policy and its impact in the Brazilian-Central American relations between 1970 and 1990. The text suggests that arms transfer has relevant politics, economics and strategic consequences, particularly in countries with national or regional conflicts. The paper uses some information from the Brazil's Foreign Affairs Archives.

The unexpected fall of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon in 2022 has shown that deforestation phenomena are complex and that for many observers it is difficult to find their way in statistics and geospatial databases that are produced using different methodologies and distinct definitions of what deforestation is and considering in diverging ways various types of environmental damages. In this context, this paper attempts to replace recent figures in a broader context spatially (considering the whole Amazon region beyond Brazil), temporally (looking at the phenomena since the 1980s) and thematically (presenting several sources of data). To do so, we first present the data that are available to the public about deforestation, distinguishing their (sometimes apparently contradictory) characteristics and underlining the Amazon’s inherent ecological and geographical complexity. In a second part, we describe the history of deforestation since 1985, first at the level of the whole basin (or pan-Amazonia) and then focusing on the Brazilian Amazon. Last, as to complete our panorama of the question of deforestation, we present quickly the causes of deforestation and the principal policies of the governments to face it, as well as the consequences of deforestation at the local, regional and global scales.

O artigo aborda as relações econômicas, políticas e de segurança internacional vigentes entre o Brasil e os 25 países da bacia do Caribe - México, América Central, Antilhas, Colômbia, Venezuela, Guiana e Suriname, além de uma dezena de territórios coloniais administrados por potências extra-regionais. Constata-se que as relações econômicas são muito intensas, especialmente em termos comerciais e de investimentos produtivos. O diálogo político entre as partes é construtivo, relevante e cada vez mais significativo. No que diz respeito às questões de segurança, vale destacar suas convergências, bem como certas divergências de natureza geopolítica derivadas do projeto brasileiro para a América do Sul. No final do artigo, propõem-se três cenários plausíveis para o futuro das relações entre Brasil e Caribe.The paper explores the economic, political and security relations between Brazil and the 25 Caribbean countries - Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean islands, Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana and Suriname, inasmuch the colonial territories. The text suggest that the economic relations are very intensive. The political dialogue is constructive. In the security field, there are some convergences and divergences derived from the brazilian=s South American project. At the end, the paper consider three reasonable scenarios for the Brazilian-Caribbean relations.

Abstract This research analyzes the International Master’s Program for Managers (IMPM) internationalization process through a partnership established with a Brazilian Higher Education Institution. IMPM was conceived by Henry Mintzberg in 1996 as a program strong enough to challenge traditional American MBA programs since Mintzberg proposes that “managers not MBAs” should prevail. A critical perspective is adopted here to investigate whether the IMPM privileges an Anglo-Saxon point of view or not. We used a qualitative approach involving ninety-six in-depth interviews with faculty members and directors from both institutions responsible for establishing this partnership and carrying out the Brazilian module of the program, eight of which are addressed in this paper. Professor Henry Mintzberg was one of the interviewees. The findings show that despite all the efforts to preserve local culture, an Anglo-Saxon logic prevails, and there is an imbalance between the initial proposition and the results. There are a lot of unexplored issues to solve considering this framework, and future studies should consider and propose the recognition of the local production of knowledge and cultural diversity as key elements for the success of international partnerships.

This paper discusses the musealization of Vila Autódromo, a community in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro, altered between 2014 and 2016 by the process of displacements, where the Museu das Remoções was created. Based on the photographic collection produced and curated by Luiz Claudio da Silva, a resident of Vila Autódromo and curator of successive exhibitions on the community’s memory of the displacements, the text outlines a museological investigation of images produced in the private sphere to challenge the regimes of visibility of public institutions in Brazil, focusing on the context of production and the uses and flows of musealization.

This paper returns to the Benjaminian idea of montage as a historiographical method and proposes strategies for resuming, cinematically, recently found images of Brazilian amnesty. The montage, as an organizing principle of the documents of an era, quotes the past and makes history visible. We evaluate two aesthetic approaches to this procedure in the documentary: the association of archival material with a contemporary speech and the value of the document's testimony itself.

Este texto contém resultados de uma pesquisa que analisou as características e as tendências da produção do conhecimento sobre a política educacional no Brasil, tomando como base empírica a produção apresentada no Grupo de Trabalho da Anped "Estado e Política Educacional", no período de 1993 a 2000. Tendo como pressupostos que a legitimação dessa produção, assim como as suas tendências predominantes resultam de um embate de tendências/olhares e que os trabalhos traduzem relações efetivas entre os pesquisadores, organizações sociais envolvidas e a realidade analisada, as autoras fazem um resgate histórico da origem e da trajetória deste GT para, em seguida, apresentar -- quantitativa e qualitativamente -- um quadro dos eixos temáticos e subtemáticos que têm prevalecido no período estudado. À luz das análises empreendidas, concluem destacando alcances e limites da institucionalização deste GT e, portanto, do campo do conhecimento focalizado.This paper presents the results of a research that analysed the features and trends of knowledge production on the educational policy in Brazil. Based on such empirical data as the production (papers) presented at the 'State and Education Policy Work Group' of the National Association of Pos-Graduation and Research in Education (ANPEd) between 1993 and 2000, it assumes that both the legitimacy of this knowledge and its main trends result from a struggle between different theoretical perspectives and that the papers reveal effective relationships between researchers, social organization and the reality analyzed. The authors thus make a historical 'rescue' of the origins and trajectories of the State and Education Policy Work Group in order to present a qualitative and quantitative portrait of the thematic and sub-thematic topics which have prevailed during the studied period. They conclude discussing the reaches and limits of the institutionalization of this Work Group and, consequently, of the field of knowledge on educational policy.

Abstract This paper introduces the dossier entitled ‘Policy Transfer and South-South Cooperation’. Very often development cooperation programmes, particularly those labelled as part of South-South cooperation (SSC), use policy transfer as one of their key implementation tools. However, irrespective of cross-cutting dimensions and shared commonalities, both fields of practices have generated research traditions that have followed specific disciplinary (and sometimes interdisciplinary) trajectories which have seldom met. Policy transfer promoted by national and international, state and non-state agents of the Global South via development cooperation raises several questions that remain unexplored and overlooked by the scholarly literature. This dossier intends to promote a dialogue between these two fields, thus analysing how policy transfer through SSC may create new power relations, identities, world visions and practices. This introductory article presents a theoretical cartography and offers in the first section a brief literature review of both fields of research; in the second section it presents the historical background of SSC and Brazil’s changing roles in it; the third section outlines possible conversations between policy transfer and SSC; finally, in the concluding remarks we bring a few reflections about future research agendas.

In this article we argue that the overvaluation of exotic narratives about wild animal consumption and wet markets conceals how the global agribusiness establishes unhealthy ecologies. Increasing infection rates from the new coronavirus registered among meat industry workers, their families, and the community, resulted in the suspension of several establishments in this sector in Brazil. If the meat processing industry cannot be considered entirely safe, why are risks to health, morality, and civility often represented by the unregulated practices of wet markets considered exotic? This paper shows that the global meat processing industry weaves a myriad of intimate encounters between humans, animals, highly toxic chemicals, organic waste, and precarious work relationships. They are unhealthy ecologies where coexistence, infection, risk, and death are always involved. We suggest a multispecies approach to analyse and respond to the COVID-19 pandemic; instead of the exaltation of contagion and the boundaries of contention, there needs to be an effort to establish integrated policies for the health and joint care of humans, animals, and environments.

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This paper examines the climate change vulnerability of the Northern Coast of the State of São Paulo (Litoral Norte Paulista), Brazil. Based on a literature review and a case-study encompassing the analysis of policy documents, secondary data and semi-structured interviews with policymakers and civil society representatives, it aims to provide a useful way to examine the multiple and overlapping processes of environmental, social-economic and climatic change in this region. By analyzing its vulnerability, the paper argues that the degree to which these cities are vulnerable to climate change is largely determined by the broader historic and socio-economic contextual factors. The finding indicates that the social, economic and cultural changes brought by the last four decades of intense process of urbanization, tourism exploitation and increasingly economic activities have deepened social and environmental problems, increasing the vulnerability of particular groups and the region as a whole to climate variability and change. The cross-scale nature of the problems and the cross-level interactions of these processes pose significant challenges for the governance structures and institutions on the region that fail to address the root causes of vulnerability, highlighting the municipalities’ insufficiency to address the consequences of a changing environment and climate.

The study of materials used in ancient buildings provides a means to shed light on traditional building practices of past societies, but can serve as inspiration to tackle challenges faced by the current generation. Characterising earth-based structures and finishing elements is part of this mission, especially at a time when earthen architecture is the subject of renewed interest due to its many advantages, particularly in terms of sustainability. This paper considers a set of historical earthen houses built during the first phase of the coffee economy (1820-1880) in the middle Paraíba do Sul River valley, in southeastern Brazil. Physical (colour and texture) and chemical (FTIR, TGA, XRF, and XRD) analyses performed on a large set of mortar and local soil samples collected in the region formed the basis for discussing possible soil selection criteria as raw materials, texture solutions, and the stabilisation strategy of the final product. This last aspect implied the addition of small quantities of lime, in the case of external renders and more sporadically in plasters, without the use of fibres or organic additives. Chemical data and historical sources suggest that the raw materials used for this purpose were probably brought to the region from coastal areas.

This paper focuses on the concept of « ritual » in the context of online publication on Instagram. It aims to understand the contemporary modalities and significations of the « ritual » published through online pictures in Brazilian society infused with a latent spirituality but also influenced by a strong consumer culture. The methodology is « netnographic ». The discussion places information from the field in dialogue with theoretical elements.

Abstract This paper discusses Brazil’s role in climate governance, methodologically and metaphorically comparing it to chess pieces moves, based on national and regional official documents, commitments and data. Unlike other IR studies, our proposal suggests different behaviours at different levels of analysis for the same country. Nationally, the country played the role of pawn. Regionally, there is no unitary behaviour: in international cooperation (carbon pricing case), it moves like a queen; in the regional integration process (energy integration case), like a king. The current scenario raises doubts about these roles, suggesting that Brazil has been presenting an increasingly moderate and conservative behaviour in the past years.

The article analyses how social protection systems in Latina America have responded to the serious social situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Guided by an exploratory study, the paper focuses on the experiences of Argentina, Brazil and Mexico. The analysis considers that the responses produced by the three cases results from the intersection between the institutional structure’s previous legacy of the social protection systems existing in each country, the political orientation of the governments in exercise and the social and political dynamics in the sanitary crisis context. It seems that, despite protective measures of greater or lesser scope and magnitude, which either reinforce the existing social protections or introduce new mechanisms – all of them temporary – the social crisis specific to Latin American social formations has worsened in the countries studied.