31 results
Search Results
2. [The sampling of plaque specimens in oral microbiology]
- Author
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C, Bollen
- Subjects
Paper ,Bacteriological Techniques ,Bacteria ,Dental Plaque ,Dental Pulp Diseases ,Humans ,Anaerobiosis ,Carbon Dioxide ,Periodontal Diseases ,Culture Media ,Specimen Handling - Abstract
Sampling is the first and most important step in the bacterial analysis of periodontal or endodontal infections. Sterile paperpoints are the ultimate tool to perform the sampling. Sampling is preferably done under continuous CO2-flushing, to preserve an anaerobic environment for the bacteria. For the dilution and the transport of the bacteria, Reduced Transport Fluid (RTF) is the most reliable fluid, when culturing is indicated. In all other cases, sterile physiologic water is sufficient.
- Published
- 2000
3. [Relation between photosynthetic assimilation of CO 2 and phosphorylation of isolated chloroplasts. II. Utilization of ATP in photosynthetic assimilation of CO 2 ]
- Author
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M, Miginiac-Maslow and M L, Champigny
- Subjects
Carbon Isotopes ,Pentosephosphates ,Chloroplasts ,Chromatography, Paper ,Antimycin A ,Phosphorus Isotopes ,Carbon Dioxide ,Plants ,Aerobiosis ,Stimulation, Chemical ,Phosphates ,Adenosine Diphosphate ,Bicarbonates ,Adenosine Triphosphate ,Depression, Chemical ,Glycerophosphates ,Plant Cells ,Autoradiography ,Anaerobiosis ,Hexosephosphates ,Photosynthesis - Published
- 1971
4. [Study of hemoglobins of a selachian. I. Heterogeneity, association phenomena]
- Author
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F, Martin
- Subjects
Polymers ,Protein Conformation ,Ultraviolet Rays ,Spectrum Analysis ,Carbon Dioxide ,In Vitro Techniques ,Chromatography, Ion Exchange ,Absorption ,Hemoglobins ,Chromatography, Gel ,Methods ,Sharks ,Animals ,Electrophoresis, Paper ,Cysteine ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Ultracentrifugation ,Methemoglobin - Published
- 1972
5. L’oxygène et le dioxyde de carbone : des alliés écologiques et économiques pour le traitement des eaux.
- Author
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Follut, Florian and Quétin, Gilles
- Subjects
CARBON dioxide ,WATER purification ,HYDROLOGIC cycle ,DRINKING water ,INDUSTRIAL wastes - Abstract
Copyright of Eau, l'Industrie, les Nuisances is the property of Editions Johanet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
6. [Adsorption of carbon dioxide gas].
- Author
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Juniot A, Seltzer S, Louvier N, Milesi-Defrance N, and Cros-Terraux N
- Subjects
- Anesthesia, Inhalation instrumentation, Animals, Calcium Compounds chemistry, Humans, Oxides chemistry, Rats, Sodium Hydroxide chemistry, Anesthesia, Inhalation methods, Carbon Dioxide chemistry
- Abstract
Objectives: To analyse the various methods for carbon dioxide absorption in anaesthesia, the available absorbents and their modes of use., Data Sources: We searched the Medline and Internet databases for papers using the key words: carbon dioxide absorption, soda-lime, zeolite. We also had correspondence and contacts with soda lime manufacturers., Study Selection: All types of articles containing data on CO2 absorption., Data Extraction: The articles were analysed for the benefits and adverse effects of the various absorbents., Data Synthesis: Carbon dioxide absorption enables the use of low flow anaesthesia, and a decreased consumption of medical gases and halogenated anaesthetics, as well as reduced pollution. Chemical absorbents (soda-lime and barium hydroxide lime (Baralyme) may produce toxic compounds: carbon monoxide with all halogenated anaesthetics and compound A with sevoflurane. Simple measures against desiccation of the lime prevent carbon monoxide production. The toxicity of compound A, shown in the rat, has not been proven in clinical anaesthesia. Recent improvements in manufacture processes have decreased the powdering of lime. Moreover, filters inserted between the anaesthesia circuit and the patient abolish the risk for powder inhalation.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. [Gasometric determination of carbon dioxide in carbano-apatites of calcified tissue].
- Author
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Chaigneau M
- Subjects
- Animals, Ducks, Methods, Carbon Dioxide analysis, Mandible chemistry, Skull chemistry
- Abstract
The determination of carbon dioxide in carbonato-apatites is carried out a new gasometric method. Its application, in this paper, concerns the bones of skull and mandibles of Cory's shearwater (Calonectris diomedea borealis) and Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). The results lead to appreciable differences between some organs of this two species.
- Published
- 1991
8. Variation of air condition parameters, in the conditions of the presence of carbon dioxide, in the duct of ventilation installations
- Author
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Cămărășescu Alexandru and Drăgoescu Răzvan
- Subjects
ventilation ,air condition parameters ,carbon dioxide ,microclimate ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Industrial ventilation takes into account the quality of the air inside the IAQ (Indoor Air Quality) and the degree of exposure of workers. In industrial targets the emission regime of contaminants can be 10–100 times higher than in non-industrial targets, but for many pollutants the IAQ levels can be the same. The parameters of the state of the air which are of interest for the technique of ventilation and air conditioning are: air temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure and air speed. For the study on the variation of the air state parameters inside the industrial ventilation installations, in the experiment laboratory, on the study of the industrial ventilation systems, the experiment was performed on the variation of the air state parameters in the conditions of circulation through the ventilation duct. an amount of carbon dioxide. Prior to the introduction of carbon dioxide into the duct, the ventilation system was started, at nominal parameters. During the experiment, the operating parameters of the drive motor were changed using a frequency converter on levels 50; 40; 30; 20; 10 and 5 Hz. The ventilation system used was structured by means of flow converters which were fixed in the open position. The ventilation system as well as the flow variators were operated by the SCADA type command and control system The paper will present the analysis of the variation of state parameters (temperature, humidity, absolute pressure and air speed) by introducing a constant amount of carbon dioxide in the ventilation duct.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. [Experimental induction of anxiety. The case of carbon dioxide].
- Author
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Griez E
- Subjects
- Carbon Dioxide administration & dosage, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous, Lactates administration & dosage, Lactates adverse effects, Phobic Disorders chemically induced, Anxiety Disorders chemically induced, Carbon Dioxide adverse effects, Fear drug effects, Panic drug effects
- Abstract
This paper reviews recent developments in the experimental approach to panic anxiety. Inhalation of carbon dioxide appears to trigger panic attacks in panic disorder patients and agoraphobics. The biological and psychopathological implications of this finding are discussed in the light of recent data on experimental pharmacology of anxiety.
- Published
- 1987
10. Risque et démonstration, la politique de capture et de stockage du dioxyde de carbone (CCS) dans l’Union europeenne.
- Author
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O’NEILL, REBECA NERI and NADAÏ, ALAIN
- Abstract
Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. HARMONISER POLITIQUES SOCIALE ET ENVIRONNEMENTALE : évaluation de l'impact d'une réhabilitation de quartiers défavorisés sur les émissions de CO2 liées aux déplacements.
- Author
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Bouzouina, Louafi and Nicolas, Jean-Pierre
- Subjects
EMISSIONS (Air pollution) ,CARBON dioxide ,ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis ,RELOCATION ,URBAN renewal ,NEIGHBORHOODS - Abstract
Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
12. Mesure des flux de CO2 et bilan carboné de grandes cultures: état de la question et méthodologie.
- Author
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Moureaux, Christine, Bodson, Bernard, and Aubinet, Marc
- Subjects
CARBON cycle ,CARBON dioxide ,BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles ,CROPS ,FARM produce ,PHOTOSYNTHESIS ,PHOTOBIOLOGY ,ECOLOGICAL succession ,HETEROTROPHIC bacteria - Abstract
Copyright of Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Societe et Environnement is the property of Les Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2008
13. The role of CO2 capture and sequestration in mitigation of climate change
- Author
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Jean-Baptiste, Philippe and Ducroux, René
- Subjects
- *
GREENHOUSE gases , *SEQUESTRATION (Chemistry) , *GLOBAL warming , *CLIMATE change , *CARBON dioxide - Abstract
Increasing atmospheric level of greenhouse gases are causing global warming and putting at risk the global climate system. The main anthropogenic greenhouse gas is CO2. Technical solutions exist to reduce CO2 emission and stabilise atmospheric CO2 concentration, including energy saving and energy efficiency, switch to lower carbon content fuels like natural gas and to energy sources that operate with zero CO2 emissions such as renewable or nuclear energy, enhance the natural sinks for CO2 (forests, soils, etc.), and last but not least, sequester CO2 from fossil fuels combustion. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the technology and cost for capture and storage of CO2. Some of the factors that will influence application, including environmental impact, cost and efficiency, are also discussed. Capturing CO2 and storing it in underground geological reservoirs appears as the best environmentally acceptable option. It can be done with existing technology; however, substantial R&D is needed to improve available technology and to lower the cost. Applicable to large CO2 emitting industrial facilities such as power plants, cement factories, steel industry, etc., which amount to more than 30% of the global anthropogenic CO2 emission, it represents a valuable tool in the battle against global warming. To cite this article: P. Jean-Baptiste, R. Ducroux, C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Les bioraffineries - ou comment satisfaire la demande en aliments, énergie at molécules d'origine végetale pour la chimie?
- Author
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CHAUVET, ean-Marie
- Subjects
CARBON offsetting ,CARBON dioxide ,FOOD supply ,BIOECONOMICS ,CLIMATE change ,BIOMASS - Abstract
Copyright of IAA Industries Agro-Alimentaires is the property of Ste Ad hoc and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
15. Low temperature vacuum sublimation refrigerators on carbon dioxide as working fluid
- Author
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Porutchikov Artem Frolovich and Trubin Dmitriy Pavlovich
- Subjects
carbon dioxide ,low pressure sublimation ,refrigeration machine ,low temperature medical freezers ,refrigerants ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
The paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental analysis of a vacuum-freeze-drying refrigeration machine based on carbon dioxide. Such refrigeration machines can be equipped with refrigerators for the needs of medicine, where low temperatures are widely in demand in the range from minus 80 degrees Celsius to minus 130 degrees Celsius. The problem of developing alternative refrigeration machines is dictated by modern environmental requirements for working substances, which are gradually being tightened and soon the use of familiar freons will become impossible. For the air conditioning and commercial refrigeration industry, new substances are being actively developed, such as hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), hydrocarbons can also serve as substitutes for hydrofluorocarbons and their mixtures, but it must be considered that they are combustible and explosive. A carbon dioxide vacuum sublimation unit may be an alternative to modern freon vapor compression refrigeration units for the indicated temperature range, but subject to comparable energy costs during its operation. The article examined the three-stage and four-stage cycles of a vacuum-freeze-drying refrigeration machine, conducted their theoretical comparison in terms of COP with a cascade cycle on hydrocarbon working substances. It can be noted that the COP of the considered cycles are close, but the environmental friendliness, safety and non-combustibility of carbon dioxide gives the advantages of a vacuum freeze-drying refrigeration machine.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Politique climatique et politique commerciale : le projet français de taxe CO2 aux frontières de l'Europe
- Author
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Michel Damian, Abbas Mehdi, Laboratoire d'Economie de la Production et de l'Intégration Internationale (LEPII), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF), and Revel, Danièle
- Subjects
DIOXYDE DE CARBONE ,CARBON DIOXIDE ,TAXE ,[SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,TAXE,DIOXYDE DE CARBONE,POLITIQUE ENVIRONNEMENTALE,POLITIQUE COMMERCIALE,CARBON DIOXIDE,CLIMATE POLICY,TRADE POLICY ,POLITIQUE ENVIRONNEMENTALE ,POLITIQUE COMMERCIALE ,TRADE POLICY ,CLIMATE POLICY - Abstract
The paper examines the French proposal to establish a EU-wide border tax adjustment for CO2 emissions. The tax seeks to offset competitive distortions toward European industries which incur the cost of the Kyoto Protocol and to prompt European competitors to join the Kyoto Protocol. So far, the debate has chiefly focused on the compatibility of such a border tax adjustment with the rules of the multilateral trading system of the World Trade Organization. Without auguring how a dispute would eventually be settled within the WTO framework, the paper argues that the implementation of a border tax adjustment is not as much an issue of technical feasibility or compatibility with the multilateral trading system, as a matter of collective determination to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The French proposal is a yardstick for climate policy after the expiration of the Kyoto Protocol in 2012. The paper looks in more details into the core directions of pending negotiations., L'article analyse la faisabilité de la taxe carbone aux frontières de l'Europe proposée par le Gouvernement français. L'objectif est d'éviter les distorsions de concurrence à l'encontre des industries européennes qui subissent le coût du Protocole de Kyoto et d'inciter les grands concurrents de l'Europe à rejoindre celui-ci. Les positions jusque-là exprimées divergent principalement sur la compatibilité d'une telle taxe avec les règles de l'OMC. Sans présager de l'issue d'une action devant son Organe de règlement des différends, l'article considère que le problème se situe moins dans la faisabilité technique ou les règles du commerce multilatéral que dans la détermination collective à diminuer drastiquement les émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Le projet français est donc un test des volontés politiques en matière de politique climatique après l'échéance du Protocole de Kyoto en 2012. L'article analyse les grandes orientations des prochaines négociations.
- Published
- 2007
17. CO2 Capture by Ionic Liquids – An Answer to Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions?
- Author
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Pauline Sanglard, Olivier Vorlet, Roger Marti, Olivier Naef, and Ennio Vanoli
- Subjects
Carbon dioxide ,Capture ,Chemisorption ,Ionic liquids ,Physisorption ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are efficient solvents for the selective removal of CO2 from flue gas. Conventional, offthe-shelf ILs are limited in use to physisorption, which restricts their absorption capacity. After adding a chemical functionality like amines or alcohols, absorption of CO2 occurs mainly by chemisorption. This greatly enhances CO2 absorption and makes ILs suitable for potential industrial applications. By carefully choosing the anion and the cation of the IL, equimolar absorption of CO2 is possible. This paper reviews the current state of the art of CO2 capture by ILs and presents the current research in this field performed at the ChemTech Institute of the Ecole d'Ingénieurs et d'Architectes de Fribourg.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. [Environmental impact of tobacco]
- Author
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Esfandiar, Aminian, Isabelle, Jacot Sadowski, and Jacques, Cornuz
- Subjects
Tobacco ,Humans ,Forestry ,Tobacco Products ,Carbon Dioxide ,Environment ,Crop Production - Abstract
Tobacco has not only negative effects on health; it also has an environmental impact. Each year, tobacco production requires 22 000 billion liters of water, mainly for cultivation. Thousands hectares of forestland are cleared annually, largely for the desiccation of tobacco leaves. Cigarette production is responsible for 84 million tons of CO2 equivalent. This paper reviews the environmental impact of the production and consumption of cigarettes from tobacco growing and manufacturing to consumption and waste production, and compares it with current consumption data.Le tabac a non seulement des effets négatifs sur la santé, mais également un impact environnemental. La production de tabac nécessite 22 000 milliards de litres d’eau par année, principalement pour la culture. La surface de déforestation, en grande partie pour le processus de dessiccation des feuilles de tabac concerne des milliers d’hectares par an. La production de cigarettes est à l’origine de 84 millions de tonnes d’équivalent CO
- Published
- 2019
19. Approches stratégiques des émissions CO2.
- Author
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ARJALIÈS, DIANE LAURE, GOUBET, CÉCILE, and PONSSARD, JEAN-PIERRE
- Subjects
EMISSIONS (Air pollution) ,CARBON dioxide ,CEMENT industries ,CHEMICAL industry ,BUSINESS enterprises ,BUSINESS skills ,COMPARATIVE studies ,SUSTAINABLE development ,INVESTMENTS ,ECONOMIC structure - Abstract
Copyright of Revue Française de Gestion is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. AMELIORATION DE L'EFFICACITE ENERGETIQUE ET ENVIRONNEMENT EN CHINE.
- Author
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Rouhier, Stéphane
- Subjects
POLLUTION ,CARBON dioxide ,GROSS domestic product ,BIOMASS ,EMISSION standards - Abstract
Copyright of VSE - Vie & Sciences Economiques / La revue de l'Economie et de l'Entreprise is the property of ANDESE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
21. Methods to validate the accuracy of an indirect calorimeter in the in-vitro setting
- Author
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Yves M. Dupertuis, Claude Pichard, Taku Oshima, Marco Ragusa, Claudia Paula Heidegger, and S. Graf
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Nuclear engineering ,Calorimetry ,Indirect calorimetry ,Standard deviation ,03 medical and health sciences ,Expired air ,In-vitro ,0302 clinical medicine ,Oxygen Consumption ,Mechanical ventilator ,Co2 concentration ,Validation ,Medicine ,Humans ,Gas composition ,ddc:616 ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Ventilators, Mechanical ,business.industry ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Calorimetry, Indirect ,Carbon Dioxide ,Calorimeter ,Dilution ,Oxygen ,Gas exchange simulation ,business - Abstract
Summary Introduction The international ICALIC initiative aims at developing a new indirect calorimeter according to the needs of the clinicians and researchers in the field of clinical nutrition and metabolism. The project initially focuses on validating the calorimeter for use in mechanically ventilated acutely ill adult patient. However, standard methods to validate the accuracy of calorimeters have not yet been established. This paper describes the procedures for the in-vitro tests to validate the accuracy of the new indirect calorimeter, and defines the ranges for the parameters to be evaluated in each test to optimize the validation for clinical and research calorimetry measurements. Methods Two in-vitro tests have been defined to validate the accuracy of the gas analyzers and the overall function of the new calorimeter. 1) Gas composition analysis allows validating the accuracy of O2 and CO2 analyzers. Reference gas of known O2 (or CO2) concentration is diluted by pure nitrogen gas to achieve predefined O2 (or CO2) concentration, to be measured by the indirect calorimeter. O2 and CO2 concentrations to be tested were determined according to their expected ranges of concentrations during calorimetry measurements. 2) Gas exchange simulator analysis validates O2 consumption (VO2) and CO2 production (VCO2) measurements. CO2 gas injection into artificial breath gas provided by the mechanical ventilator simulates VCO2. Resulting dilution of O2 concentration in the expiratory air is analyzed by the calorimeter as VO2. CO2 gas of identical concentration to the fraction of inspired O2 (FiO2) is used to simulate identical VO2 and VCO2. Indirect calorimetry results from publications were analyzed to determine the VO2 and VCO2 values to be tested for the validation. Results O2 concentration in respiratory air is highest at inspiration, and can decrease to 15% during expiration. CO2 concentration can be as high as 5% in expired air. To validate analyzers for measurements of FiO2 up to 70%, ranges of O2 and CO2 concentrations to be tested were defined as 15–70% and 0.5–5.0%, respectively. The mean VO2 in 426 adult mechanically ventilated patients was 270 ml/min, with 2 standard deviation (SD) ranges of 150–391 ml/min. Thus, VO2 and VCO2 to be simulated for the validation were defined as 150, 250, and 400 ml/min. Conclusion The procedures for the in-vitro tests of the new indirect calorimeter and the ranges for the parameters to be evaluated in each test have been defined to optimize the validation of accuracy for clinical and research indirect calorimetry measurements. The combined methods will be used to validate the accuracy of the new indirect calorimeter developed by the ICALIC initiative, and should become the standard method to validate the accuracy of any future indirect calorimeters.
- Published
- 2017
22. Experimental investigation on the performance of a transcritical CO2 heat pump with multi-ejector expansion system [Étude expérimentale sur la performance d'une pompe à chaleur au CO2 transcritique équipée d'un système d'expansion multi-éjecteur]
- Author
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Trinchieri, R., Boccardi, G., Trinchieri, R., and Boccardi, G.
- Subjects
Heat pump ,Transcritical cycle ,Carbon dioxide ,Ejector ,Space heating - Abstract
ambient temperature in the range of −15–12 °C according to the standard UNI EN 14511/2011. The results show the possibility to reach an optimum of the COP by varying the ejector area, once the other parameters are fixed, as a consequence of the ejector regulation on the pressures at the inlet and outlet of the compressor. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd and IIR, compressor frequency in the range of 30–60 Hz, Carbon dioxide is becoming an interesting option also for HVAC heating appliances due to its eco-friendly characteristics. The incurrence of transcritical cycles makes the use of ejectors attractive to improve performance. Part load conditions and varied ambient temperatures imply the use of variable geometry systems of appropriate design to keep their efficiency high. This paper investigates experimentally a multi-ejector air-to-water CO2 heat pump for heating needs, measuring the performance of the system and of each component under partial and full load conditions. A sensitivity analysis was run varying, separately or in a combined way, the following parameters or operating conditions: ejector area ratio in a range of 33.1–86.6%
- Published
- 2017
23. Risque et démonstration, la politique de capture et de stockage du dioxyde de carbone (CCS) dans l'Union europeenne
- Author
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Rebeca Neri O’Neill, Alain Nadaï, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Les auteurs remercient le CNRS, la Chaire CTSC des Mines de Paris, le réseau R2DS et l'EHESS pour leur soutien à cette recherche.
- Subjects
Social Sciences and Humanities ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,020209 energy ,geological storage ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,dioxyde de carbone ,demonstration ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Stockage géologique ,GE1-350 ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,risk ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,Geological storage ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,carbon dioxide ,stockage géologique ,démonstration ,Environmental sciences ,risque ,13. Climate action ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Sciences Humaines et Sociales - Abstract
La technologie de captage et de stockage du CO2 regroupe plusieurs techniques industrielles visant à séparer (captage) le dioxyde de carbone de ses sources industrielles et énergétiques, à le transporter vers un lieu de stockage et à l’isoler de l’atmosphère sur le long terme. Cette technologie a été imaginée au cours des années 1970 par des chercheurs et des industriels et faite de quelques applications dans le monde. La dernière décennie a consacré l’émergence d’une politique du CCS dans l’Union Européenne. La Commission européenne s’est engagée, en partenariat avec des acteurs industriels, dans une démarche de « démonstration » du CCS, articulée autour du développement de 10 démonstrateurs à grande échelle d’ici à 2015. Ce processus a été jalonné d’intenses débats et de conflits locaux, notamment en ce qui concerne les risques liés aux fuites de CO2 à court terme (acidification de milieux de surface ou de nappes souterraines) ou à long terme (manque d’efficacité dans la lutte contre le changement climatique). Ces débats ont aussi porté sur le coût élevé et la pertinence (technologie « bout de chaîne ») de l’option CCS par rapport à des actions de maîtrise de la demande d’énergie ou au développement d’énergies non carbonées. Notre article analyse l’articulation entre démonstration et définition du risque en retraçant, au fil de l’émergence de la politique européenne du CCS et de sa constitution en « politique de démonstration », les modalités au travers desquelles les protagonistes de ce processus mobilisent des cadres normatifs, stabilisés ou émergents, sur les risques., Carbon capture and storage (CCS) combines several techniques in order to capture carbon dioxide emitted by industrial and energy production processes, transport it and store it in geological reservoirs, so as to isolate it from the atmosphere for long time periods. This technology was invented in the 1970s by researchers and industrialists. A few industrial projects applying CCS are today in different parts of the world. In the EU, a CCS policy emerged during the last decade. The European Commission, in partnership with industry players, has committed to a process of CCS "demonstration", aiming to develop 10 large-scale demonstrators by 2015. The emergence of EU CCS policy was marked by intense debates and local conflicts, especially with regard to the risks associated with potential leakages of CO2 in the short term (acidification of surface media or groundwater) or in the long term (CCS claimed to be ineffective in the fight against climate change). These discussions have also addressed the high cost and the relevance (end-of-pipe technology) of the CCS option in comparison with other CO2 mitigation options (reduction in energy demand, development of low-carbon energy technologies). This paper analyzes the relationship between CCS demonstration and the definition of the associated risks, by looking at the way in which protagonists involved in the CCS policy process resort to normative, stabilized or emerging risk frameworks.
- Published
- 2012
24. [What is new regarding anaesthetic monitoring in the operating room?]
- Author
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F, Veyckemans
- Subjects
Oxygen ,Operating Rooms ,Monitoring, Intraoperative ,Hypovolemia ,Hemodynamics ,Humans ,Anesthesia ,Blood Pressure ,Carbon Dioxide ,Child - Abstract
This paper critically reviews the new devices that can be used on the operating room to monitor the oxygenation and the haemodynamics of the child undergoing general anaesthesia.
- Published
- 2011
25. Risque et démonstration, la politique de capture et de stockage du dioxyde de carbone (CCS) dans l’Union europeenne
- Author
-
Rebeca Neri O’Neill and Alain Nadaï
- Subjects
risk ,geological storage ,carbon dioxide ,demonstration ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) combines several techniques in order to capture carbon dioxide emitted by industrial and energy production processes, transport it and store it in geological reservoirs, so as to isolate it from the atmosphere for long time periods. This technology was invented in the 1970s by researchers and industrialists. A few industrial projects applying CCS are today in different parts of the world. In the EU, a CCS policy emerged during the last decade. The European Commission, in partnership with industry players, has committed to a process of CCS "demonstration", aiming to develop 10 large-scale demonstrators by 2015. The emergence of EU CCS policy was marked by intense debates and local conflicts, especially with regard to the risks associated with potential leakages of CO2 in the short term (acidification of surface media or groundwater) or in the long term (CCS claimed to be ineffective in the fight against climate change). These discussions have also addressed the high cost and the relevance (end-of-pipe technology) of the CCS option in comparison with other CO2 mitigation options (reduction in energy demand, development of low-carbon energy technologies). This paper analyzes the relationship between CCS demonstration and the definition of the associated risks, by looking at the way in which protagonists involved in the CCS policy process resort to normative, stabilized or emerging risk frameworks.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. [Hypoxemia and exhaustion time to maximal aerobic speed in long-distance runners]
- Author
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V, Billat, J C, Renoux, J, Pinoteau, B, Petit, and J P, Koralsztein
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Time Factors ,Partial Pressure ,Respiration ,Carbon Dioxide ,Aerobiosis ,Running ,Oxygen ,Oxygen Consumption ,Heart Rate ,Oxyhemoglobins ,Lactates ,Physical Endurance ,Humans ,Hypoxia - Abstract
A recent paper (Billat et al., 1994a) has shown the reproducibility but also the great variability between subelite long-distance runners in their time to exhaustion at the velocity which elicits VO2max, called the maximal aerobic speed (MAS). The present study delved further into the reasons for this large difference between runners having the same VO2max. The question addressed was whether the exercise-induced hypoxemia (EIH) was more important for athletes having the longest time to exhaustion at 90 (Tlim 90), 100 (Tlim 100), or 105% (Tlim 105) of MAS. The study was conducted on 16 elite male runners. EIH was observed, that is, arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation and arterial partial pressure of oxygen dropped significantly after all the Tlim tests. However, EIH was only correlated with Tlim 90 (r = -0.757; -0.531, respectively).
- Published
- 1995
27. Coexistence d’attracteurs et crises dans un laser à CO2 à paramètres modulés
- Author
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Dangoisse, Didier, Glorieux, Pierre, and Hennequin, Daniel
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. [A genetic study of the interaction of Piry virus with drosophila]
- Author
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G, Brun
- Subjects
Cold Temperature ,Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ,Drosophila melanogaster ,Hot Temperature ,Genetic Complementation Test ,Mutation ,Animals ,Insect Viruses ,Chick Embryo ,Carbon Dioxide ,Rhabdoviridae - Abstract
Piry virus mutants selected for altered growth properties in Drosophila melanogaster have previously been designated agD mutants. This paper presents a classification scheme for grouping some of these mutants and also presents the characteristics of some members of each group. Analysis, for each agD clone, of the mean incubation time at 20 degrees C relative to the mean incubation time at 28 degrees C (t20,t28), compared to the range of similar data for wild-type virus enabled us to define 4 classes of agD mutant: (1) mutants equally affected at both temperatures, (2) cold-sensitive mutants in drosophila (csD), (3) heat-sensitive mutants in drosophila (tsD) and (4) mutants whose mean incubation time could not be estimated at either 20 or 28 degrees C. All agD mutants are listed. The majority of them were also ts in chicken embryo cells (CEC), and some were classified into complementation groups. Some correlations were noted. For example, the agD mutants that were ts+ in CEC were frequently (7 out of 12) weakly cold-sensitive in drosophila. Those tsD mutants which were also ts in CEC, all belonged to complementation group I (L protein). True csD mutants, whose divergence of incubation time with wt regularly increased, and which were also ts in CEC, all belonged to group I except for one which belonged to group V (G protein). Three mutants fell into a distinct sub-class of csD mutants, characterized by a defect in the CO2 sensitivity symptom expression below a definite temperature. One of these which was further characterized was shown to be in complementation group V. Some mutants of the fourth class were examined for their fly-invading capacity. This was found to be more-or-less strongly affected. Among these mutants, independent of this phenomenon, mutations were assigned to L, N and G proteins, suggesting that different physiological defects are involved. A comparison was made of the phenotypes in drosophila of some of the agD mutants with other members of the vesiculovirus family. The analogy of sigma rhabdovirus with tsD mutants is also reported.
- Published
- 1991
29. [Gasometric determination of carbon dioxide in carbano-apatites of calcified tissue]
- Author
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M, Chaigneau
- Subjects
Ducks ,Skull ,Methods ,Animals ,Mandible ,Carbon Dioxide - Abstract
The determination of carbon dioxide in carbonato-apatites is carried out a new gasometric method. Its application, in this paper, concerns the bones of skull and mandibles of Cory's shearwater (Calonectris diomedea borealis) and Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). The results lead to appreciable differences between some organs of this two species.
- Published
- 1991
30. [Experimental induction of anxiety. The case of carbon dioxide]
- Author
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E, Griez
- Subjects
Phobic Disorders ,Lactates ,Humans ,Fear ,Carbon Dioxide ,Infusions, Intravenous ,Anxiety Disorders ,Panic - Abstract
This paper reviews recent developments in the experimental approach to panic anxiety. Inhalation of carbon dioxide appears to trigger panic attacks in panic disorder patients and agoraphobics. The biological and psychopathological implications of this finding are discussed in the light of recent data on experimental pharmacology of anxiety.
- Published
- 1987
31. [Monitoring of gases and vapors in the anesthesia system]
- Author
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A, Neidhardt, H, Flicoteaux, K, Bachour, and B, Fergane
- Subjects
Oxygen ,Halogens ,Anesthesiology ,Humans ,Nitrogen Oxides ,Gases ,Carbon Dioxide - Abstract
By now inhalation anesthesia makes anesthetic gaz and vapours analysis compulsory. This paper give an account of numerous gaz analyzers which are available today. Different kinds of oximeters (galvanic, polarographic, paramagnetic) carbon dioxide analysers, halothane, enflurane or isoflurane-meters are reviewed. Advantage/cost ratio of mass spectrometer is discussed too. Practical advices on use and site of slow and fast analysers are recalled.
- Published
- 1989
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