Search

Copyright of Natures Sciences Sociétés is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natures Sciences Sociétés is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue Canadienne de Science Politique is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article presents the waste management on board Disney Cruise Line (DCL) company ships. In previous papers, we focused on the environmental policies of the DCL company, on the cruise itinerary waste management plans for the enterprise’s ships, waste collection, sorting and storage and food waste management on DCL ships, as well as on dangerous and medical waste management on board DCL company ships. The paper consists of an analytical view of the environmental personnel’s activities, in-house regulations and of various recordings and field observations. It presents detailed information on waste collection, sorting and transportation on board company ships, as well as on waste processing, storage and disposal procedures, waste registers and reports filed by employees, White Data Box and the equipment used for waste processing and recycling. The study concludes that the DCL company is committed to minimizing its fleet’s environmental impact by means of adopting new technologies, generating less waste, training its staff and instructing its guests, and raising awareness on environmental issues. In 2013, the company was declared the most environmentally-responsible cruise line. All crew members must fully comply with the DCL company’s environmental requirements and policy. Both employees and customers must pay attention to the practices that can result in accidental pollution. Waste collection procedures and the prevention of improper waste disposal are carefully monitored at all times. DCL makes continuous efforts to minimize waste amounts and associated risks on its ships. This entails using the appropriate storage, use and disposal procedures, and extends all the way to operation and event planning and supply and consumable purchases. DCL’s environmentally friendly vision is best described by these values and actions: thorough bookkeeping, monitoring, double-checking, awareness, continuous communication.

Copyright of Natures Sciences Sociétés is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The question of environment represents currently a major challenge, especially for industrial enterprises. Thus, the reduction of environmental impacts can contribute to significant improvements for companies that adopt environmental policies. The aim of this paper is to show the importance of the environmental dimension in that it offers the possibility of reducing the amount of pollutants for a level of production or a given consummation. The environmental evaluation of the industrial enterprise Henkel-Algeria through the analysis of the environmental reports, questionnaires and environmental audits, suggested a good environmental performance concomitant with economic efficiency. We have strengthened our study by analyzing the interface "environment-function of production" by using environmental analysis grates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sciences Sociales et Santé is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue d'Economie Politique is the property of Editions Dalloz Sirrey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue d'Économie Régionale & urbaine is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biodiversity and ecosystem services valuation: for which purpose, how and with which results? The valuation of biodiversity and ecosystem services is the subject of many studies and extensive debate. To overcome problems of principle, the real meaning of economic evaluation must be clarified in order to identify its advantages and limitations. An appropriate analysis of these services implied extending the concept of value and has given rise to a plurality of methods that may be strongly challenged. The purpose of this paper is to clarify some terms of these debates. There are reasons for being reluctant to give a price index to Nature's services, but its conservation entails costs, at least opportunity costs. Most valuation methods rest upon individual preferences, either revealed by concrete behaviours, or stated during interviews, and this is clearly an issue for items agents are not familiar with or do not perceive clearly the benefits. Finally, valuing biodiversity through ecosystem services might lead to underestimate some major parts of what constitutes biodiversity social value. These issues have to be replaced in relation to the very different objectives that may further the actual valuations. The paper concludes that valuation can offer quite a valuable contribution to conservation policies, but since the relation between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being remains poorly understood, that it is a far too important stake to let economists alone in facing these puzzles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some postulates about sustainable development indicators: the example of aquaculture. Firstly, the authors illustrate the abundance of references and initiatives enabling to implement sustainable development in aquaculture. They develop a chart to assess such initiatives with regards to the main features of sustainable development. Secondly, this paper outlines the co-construction approach of principles, criteria and indicators, selected in reference to the assumption that implementing sustainable development requires a stakeholder commitment and a collective learning process. The construction of indicators is based on criteria which refer to principles accounting for local issues and stakeholder representations of sustainable development. Finally, the third part of the paper provides a reflexive analysis of the protocol which is proposed so as to develop a more general inventory of conditions and procedures for the appropriation of sustainable development. Focusing on these conditions and procedures outlines the need for collective learning regarding the appropriation of a new value system. They also emphasize on the organizational and institutional conditions of this learning process; this implies defining a co-construction system and taking into account intermediate elements. Consequently, the proposed approach underlines the multiplicity of indicator functions. As a result, criteria and indicators are "facilitating" and "mediating" tools for stakeholders, employed in the deconstruction/construction process for implementing sustainable development. Thus the authors agree with the recent observations stemming from the evaluation of sustainable development indicators' construction approaches. These approaches demonstrate the significance of their supporting role in the consultation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Bar Review is the property of Canadian Bar Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales is the property of Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper we conduct a systematic literature review with the aim of understanding the effectiveness of environmental policy instruments, in particular, command and control, marketbased instruments and voluntary schemes, in promoting eco-innovation. This study analyzes the information presented in selected papers, mainly from peer-reviewed journals, covering the period 2005-2012. The sample is based on 40 papers traced through a keyword search in Scopus database, representing the main academic journals related to the subject. A few more sources were added after reviewing the list of references from the main papers. The literature reviewed adopts different approaches and pursues several objectives to understand the relationship between policy instruments and eco-innovation. We find overall evidence that stringency is a key feature of policies for determining the effects of environmental technological change. It is argued that command and control instrument boosts eco-innovation, but continuity in investments depends more on the expected severity of future regulation. Empirical studies confirm that market-based instruments promote more incremental innovation and diffusion of existing technologies than radical innovation. In general, instruments based on economic incentives need to be complemented with stringent controls to be more effective. We conclude that complementarities between measures focused on developers and demanders are necessary in order to foster eco-innovation

The paper aims to analyse the street-level bureaucrats’ (SLBs) perception of President Bolsonaro’s administration’s effects on Brazilian environmental policy, emphasising deforestation prevention and control in the Legal Amazon1. Besides the policy dismantling concepts, a theoretical model integrating three complementary analytical dimensions of SLBs’ action – institutional, individual, and relational – was employed in a case-oriented investigation of environmental bureaucrats – Ibama Inspectors and ICMBio Agents. The inquiry used Systematic Content Analysis on interviews with these agents involved in deforestation inspection and control activities. The empirical results confirm the hypotheses that an active dismantling process has been ongoing since the beginning of Bolsonaro’s administration; however, the perceptions of Ibama inspectors seem more intense, especially regarding the institutional dimension. The research illustrates the adverse effects of this process on the agencies and bureaucratic capacities, generating paralysis and setbacks in deforestation inspection and control policies and posing serious risks to the environmental protection in the country. This article contributes to the advancement of knowledge about the strategies that a far-right populist government deliberately adopted to reduce the role of the State, weaken professional bureaucracy, dismantle policies and favour particular interests of groups.

This paper assesses the Environmental Management for Sustainable Development Act of Zanzibar that came into force in 1996 but whose implementation and enforcement has been impeded by a number of factors. It provides a background analysis of the evolution of the Act from its early development stages. The background provides, in part, a basis for the argument that the difficulty encountered in effectively implementing the Act is partly attributed to its evolutionary history. An assessment of the institutional framework and mandates that have been put in place, the enforcement mechanism and the role of local communities, in the wake of the mushrooming of private investment, is also made. On the one hand, the paper notes that the Act has been to some extent a welcome development in the body of environmental management laws in the region and provides an important guide for improving or developing comprehensive legislation related to environmental management and conservation. On the other hand, the paper details some of the problems encountered or likely to be met in its implementation. Recommendations, which would be useful for jurisdictions in the region in endeavours to tailor comparable provisions of their legislation and avoid pitfalls in efforts to manage environmental resources sustainably, are provided. It is hoped that this appraisal will shed some light on an extremely important piece of legislation, which is unfortunately neither known nor accessible to a multitude of stakeholders and ordinary people within the isles itself, on Tanzania Mainland, within the region and the world.

Copyright of Revue d'Economie Politique is the property of Editions Dalloz Sirrey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue d'Economie Politique is the property of Editions Dalloz Sirrey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The sociotecimical infrastructure required to implement environmental policies has a definite political content: it frames and influences public action, most often in an implicit way. In this paper we take a normative stance on democratic governance, which raises the need for making this infrastructure debatable. We focus on the specific case of drought management in France, which has developed an infrastructure that consists of zoning, measurement networks and threshold definition for critical flows in order to be able to assess a current hydrological situation in any place and to associate it to a specific crisis level. First we identify the various criticisms voiced by stakeholders in drought commit- tees such as challenging the infrastructure's technical validity setting out its inadequacy to a specific context, disqualifying its use due to the gap between science and the existing practice. We then suggest introducing a tool borrowed from the anthropology of techniques : the operational chain. We propose to use it to render explicit and debatable the infrastructure, its structure and content and on top of that the “regulatory science” which it stems from. This tool entails overcoming the various forms of criticism observed as well as dealing collectively with the tension between principles of justice and adaptation to local conditions. We argue that it may also provide a medium to associate lay people in the development or the revision of the infrastructure itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Studies (Canadian Association of Latin American & Caribbean Studies (CALACS)) is the property of Canadian Association of Latin American & Caribbean Studies (CALACS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue d'Economie Politique is the property of Editions Dalloz Sirrey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the 1990s Madagascar has adopted a territorial-based biodiversity conservation policy. The institutional innovation of community-based resource management now coexists with the older expansionist protected areas model. Recent legislation has given the government the authority to enter into contractual arrangements with communities for the management of forests resources. This national environmental policy carries with it a set of regulations that has repercussions not only on physical spaces but also on access to and control of resources and their marketing. These regulations have generated conflicts over access to and use rights of natural resources. Our study of two rural territories in the Betsileo area examines these newly configured spaces of conservation associated with the transfer of renewable natural resource management (TGRNR) institutions to the western slope of the forest corridor. This paper explores the challenge of a community based forest management. The environmental regulations pose restrictions on resource users and their activities in the context of these conservation territories, knowledge systems, and power relations. The responses of local actors are inscribed in new socio-spatial strategies and practices. They raise questions about the territorial dimensions of biodiversity preservation policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the data from the French Environment Barometer EDF-R&D 2004 (national representative sample of French citizens aged over 15) and surveys by ADEME between 2000 and 2005, the paper investigates lay perceptions of the causes and consequences of the greenhouse effect, which may be considered as archetypal of contemporary environmental risks. Beyond lay lack of knowledge, the greenhouse effect gives rise to coherent and meaningful cognitions, including causal explanations, shaped by the pre-existing cognitive framework. This cognitive work, based on analogic rather than scientific thought, strings together the greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, air pollution and even nuclear power. The cognitive process is also fed by the individuals' general conceptions of Nature and of the rights and duties of humankind towards Nature. People are not greatly worried about the unseen and controversial consequences of the greenhouse effect: such worry could be one of those "elite fears" mentioned by Beck. Finally, while the efficiency of public policies to counter the greenhouse effect requires extensive societal involvement, low confidence towards both political and scientific authorities may prevent the population from becoming aware of the environmental stakes tied to the greenhouse effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To what extent should States curb current and future greenhouse gas emissions? Integrated assessment models are commonly used to build or at least legitimize policy making. Although these models should not be viewed automatically as black boxes, they are particularly complex and are built on restrictive assumptions. Hence results derived from such models need to be taken with caution and on no account as "scientific truth". The aim of this paper is to provide a deeper insight into some of the key methods and assumptions these models are based on. We focused our work on climate change response functions. Assumptions and methods selected to evaluate the influence of climate change impacts will indeed strongly orientate the results derived from integrated assessment models based on cost-benefit concepts. It is therefore essential to point out their chief characteristics and limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental policy is a relatively new field in the European Union, even at the level of the current year, 2019. Although initially it was based on the creation of general measures programs, within which certain specific measures were adopted, currently, the permanent existing global climate changes can no longer be ignored by national, European or global organizations and institutions. As such, in time, especially in the last decade, the European Union has been forced, by virtue of the principles governing the relationship between the EU law and that of the Member States, to find solutions to the serious problems caused especially by pollution, but also by a series of other climatic causes. Thus, the environmental policy of the European Union is based on a number of principles, including that of precaution, prevention, diminish of pollution from its source, as well as that of the polluter's liability. In this regard, the present paper aims to summarize the measures taken so far at the level of the European Union, as well as to identify additional protective measures that will also lead to the fulfillment of the European Union Sustainable Development Strategy.

Copyright of Canadian Public Policy is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Environmental NGOs in Spain are well known policy actors. Since the nineties some of them have been invited to participate in governmental committees and/or to provide expertise to Parliamentary committees. They have also an important role in mobilizing public opinion to defend and protect the environment. We know less though about how do they intervene in the judicial arena. In the framework of a growing role of the Courts in the field of environmental governance, the goal of this paper is to analyze to what extent Spanish NGOs resorted to the judicial arena, specifically the Supreme Court, to enforce international and European higher standards of environmental protection and advocated against wrong or inadequate praxis in the implementation of environmental regulations. Several non-judicial factors seem to have strengthened that trend in Spain: increasing environmental national and European regulation as well as the NGOs organizational capacity to make judicial claims in line with their policy preferences. Desde la década de los noventa, las ONG medioambientales de España participan en comités gubernamentales y/o como expertas en los comités parlamentarios; además de tener un papel importante en la movilización de la opinión pública. En cambio, sabemos menos sobre hasta qué punto recurren a la arena judicial. En el contexto de un creciente de papel de los tribunales en el campo de la gobernanza ambiental, el objetivo de este documento es analizar en qué medida las ONG españolas inician litigios, específicamente en el Tribunal Supremo, para exigir el cumplimiento de los estándares internacionales y europeos de protección del medio ambiente o en contra de malas praxis. Varios factores no judiciales parecen haber reforzado esa tendencia en España: el aumento de la regulación ambiental nacional y europea, así como la capacidad organizativa de las ONG para iniciar litigios en línea con su posición sobre una política determinada. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1061

Résumé: La prise en charge publique des problèmes liés aux pollutions de l'air intérieur en France révèle une tendance à la responsabilisation individuelle et des tentatives parallèles mais inachevées de régulation. Explorant cette tension, l'article présente comment s'est opérée la répartition des rôles entre puissance publique, habitants et professionnels lors de la prise en charge de cet enjeu sanitaire au tournant des années 2000. La mise en perspective historique montre la continuité d'une affirmation de la responsabilité individuelle dans la formulation de ces politiques et plus largement dans la perception collective et médiatique du problème. Ce trait dominant a été renforcé par l'échec d'une série de tentatives au plan international et français visant à introduire des formes de régulation des polluants plus interventionnistes. Les politiques de l'air intérieur témoignent ainsi d'une tendance à l'usage de la responsabilisation comme moyen de gouvernement. Ces éléments d'analyse peuvent aider à penser des alternatives à la distribution actuelle des rôles et des responsabilités afin de limiter les atteintes à la qualité de l'air intérieur. Public management of problems related to indoor air pollution in France shows a tendency to assign individual responsibility together with abortive attempts at regulation. The article explores these tensions and describes the distribution of roles in managing this health concern among public authorities, residents, and professionals in the early 2000s. A look back in time shows that responsibility has consistently been attributed to individuals when drafting these policies and more widely in the perception by both the general public and the media of the problem. This dominant feature has been aggravated by the failure of a series of attempts in France and internationally to introduce more interventionist regulation of pollutants. Indoor air policies thus show a tendency to use individual responsibility as a means of governing. We hope this analysis will help to find alternatives to the current distribution of roles and responsibilities to limit the deterioration of indoor air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to analyze the climate change coping strategy in Brazil expressed in the federal government policy up to 2012, seeking to identify the implicit concept of development in light of the overall goal of sustainability. Besides the National Policy on Climate Change (NPCC), the development plans of the following sectors were also analyzed: combat to deforestation, energy, agriculture and transport. The methodology was based on content analysis of the official documents, which was supported by literature review and information obtained in interviews with qualified informants. The results showed that the NPCC favors mitigation actions over those directed to adaptation. The contradictions of this strategy become apparent in areas such as the sub-salt exploration, investment in large-scale farming, and no consideration of social inequality. The conclusion indicates that the consideration of climate change issues by the government is secondary, being the main objective to promote a development model anchored on economic growth.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue Canadienne de Science Politique is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Environmental policy has become an object for description and analysis. A global environmental mechanism intents to promote collective action at the international scale and to build an integrated environmental policymaking and management framework concerning the tasks of a shared global ecosystem. Governments use a number of different types of environmental policy instruments to implement their environmental policies: legislative, technical and economic-financial instruments. The encounter is to combine the environmental protection with continuing economic growth in an over the long term sustainable way. This paper tries to underline that there is an under appreciation of the adaptability of social structures even within economics of environmental policy, to the extent that it is necessary to fully acknowledge and highlight the inborn trade-off between economy and environment.

Copyright of Revue Tiers Monde is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ecotourism has profound social impacts through the transformations it generates in the distribution of access to natural resources. At the heart of this transformation stands the paradox of ecotourism: it exploits natural environments while at the same time depending on their preservation. As a result, ecotourism has increasingly become articulated with environmental policies, in particular the creation of protected areas. Such policies have privileged those environments that are of interest to the ecotourism industry. They have also served to restrict competing forms of resource use. Local populations in particular have seen their access to natural resources diminished. This paper explores interest conflicts between local and external user groups in an ecotourism destination in Southern Bahia. Its focus is on strategies through which external groups related to ecotourism and environmental preservation have sought to appropriate control over natural resources.O ecoturismo tem implicações sociais de longo alcance devido às transformações que ele gera na distribuição do acesso a recursos naturais. O paradoxo do ecoturismo está no cerne dessas transformações: ao mesmo tempo em que o ecoturismo explora habitats naturais, ele depende da preservação destes. Conseqüentemente, cada vez mais o ecoturismo se associa a políticas ambientais, especialmente aquelas que dizem respeito à criação de reservas naturais. Tais políticas têm privilegiado os habitats que interessam à indústria de ecoturismo e têm restringido outras formas de se fazer uso daqueles recursos naturais. Quem tem cada vez menos acesso, em particular, a esses recursos são as populações nativas. O presente artigo examina os conflitos de interesse entre grupos locais e exteriores de usuários em uma região de ecoturismo no Sul da Bahia. O foco do artigo está nas estratégias relativas ao ecoturismo e à preservação ambiental, acionadas por não-nativos, para ganhar controle sobre recursos naturais.

Copyright of Revue d'Études Comparatives Est-Ouest is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natures Sciences Sociétés is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue d'Économie Régionale & urbaine is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of New Brunswick Studies / Revue d'etudes sur le Nouveau-Brunswick is the property of Journal of New Brunswick Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on European climate policies. It discusses the European Union (EU) and its influence as a global ecological leader and its adoption of the paquet climat-energie, or European plan on climate change, in 2009, which includes reducing 20% of greenhouse gases by 2020. It discusses norms and technological standards imposed upon manufacturers wanting to sell their products on the European market and implementations in the European carbon market based on the Kyoto protocol to determine the price of carbon dioxide emitted by industries. Further topics include the European Commission, the 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference held in Durban, South Africa, and the future of climate policies in Europe.

This article focuses on implementation of market based approaches for greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement in India. It is difficult to speculate on the nature and magnitude of GHG mitigation commitment that India might undertake in future. Three capacity issues are of critical importance for GHG abatement, namely, monitoring of emissions, ensuring compliance and policy analysis capability for market based instruments (MBIs). This article describes domestic capacity to design and implement MBIs such as emissions trading for GHG abatement in India.

An introduction is presented in which the author discusses topics presented in several articles of this issue related to climate strategies from a European and Canadian perspective based on the 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference held in Durban, South Africa.