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In spite of the efforts of the footwear and textile industries to understand their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and develop reduction strategies, knowledge on the subject is still incipient. Given this scenario, this paper aims to identify, quantify, and present the main sources of GHG in this economic sector, followed by proposing solutions aimed at more efficient management. A qualitative and quantitative study was conducted with four companies in southern Brazil to achieve this purpose. Among the main sources of emissions are fuel and energy consumption. The main reduction alternatives include searching for alternative fuels and considering energy generation through clean sources. It is clear that implementing initiatives aimed at reducing emissions is not a simple task. However, the research highlighted the technical feasibility of new forms of production with a reduced environmental impact.

The paper aims to describe the evolution of the environmental Kuznets curve, from its origin up to its present status, and to systemise the results of the empirical studies of the relationship between the emissions of greenhouse gases and economic growth. The environmental Kuznets curve indicates that at the early stages of economic growth, pollution increases with the growing use of resources, but when a certain level of income per capita is reached, the trend reverses so that, at a higher development stage, further economic growth leads to the improvement of the environment. The paper starts with a description of the most influential theories of the environmental economics that helps to highlight an effective environmental approach. The article may be useful for scientists and policy makers, analysing the trends of the economic development of various countries and the problems of the relationship between the environmental indicators and economic growth.

Copyright of Recherche Transports Sécurité is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natures Sciences Sociétés is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Renewable sources used for the generation of electricity have today quite high production costs in Europe. The liberalisation of the electricity market makes their advancement still more difficult, as it is expected to exert pressures towards lower prices. There are however strong arguments supporting renewable electricity. First, it is highly recommended to preserve the non-renewable fossil natural resources. Second, the use of renewable resources reduces the emissions of CO[sub 2] considered as being the most important greenhouse gas. In Belgium the most promising renewable production source for electricity is wind energy. Suitable policies shall amplify a virtuous cycle rendering this type of production competitive with fossil sources on a short-time basis. The present paper presents a simulation with system dynamics of a supporting policy based on the creation of a green-certificate market. The objective of the study is to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, and to provide to regulators a decision tool for properly designing the main policy parameters as necessary conditions for its success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the aerodynamic separation control to reduce consumption and the greenhouse gas emission for the future road vehicles. After reviewing the passive control methods, examples of active flow control by using suction, blowing and synthetic jets are successively presented. Drag reductions of about 20% are hence already possible without any negative geometrical modification in term of habitability and comfort. Drag reduction coefficients of the future road vehicles doing outside city connections could soon tend to a value near 0.24. The result must allow to reduce the fuel consumption of a vehicle of the range Ml (vehicle of the lower average range) of approximately 1.6 liters by 100 km at the speed of 130 km.h-1. The CO2 emission reduction will be at least about 7 gr.km-1 following NEDC (New European Driving Cycle). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To what extent should States curb current and future greenhouse gas emissions? Integrated assessment models are commonly used to build or at least legitimize policy making. Although these models should not be viewed automatically as black boxes, they are particularly complex and are built on restrictive assumptions. Hence results derived from such models need to be taken with caution and on no account as "scientific truth". The aim of this paper is to provide a deeper insight into some of the key methods and assumptions these models are based on. We focused our work on climate change response functions. Assumptions and methods selected to evaluate the influence of climate change impacts will indeed strongly orientate the results derived from integrated assessment models based on cost-benefit concepts. It is therefore essential to point out their chief characteristics and limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing atmospheric level of greenhouse gases are causing global warming and putting at risk the global climate system. The main anthropogenic greenhouse gas is CO2. Technical solutions exist to reduce CO2 emission and stabilise atmospheric CO2 concentration, including energy saving and energy efficiency, switch to lower carbon content fuels like natural gas and to energy sources that operate with zero CO2 emissions such as renewable or nuclear energy, enhance the natural sinks for CO2 (forests, soils, etc.), and last but not least, sequester CO2 from fossil fuels combustion. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the technology and cost for capture and storage of CO2. Some of the factors that will influence application, including environmental impact, cost and efficiency, are also discussed. Capturing CO2 and storing it in underground geological reservoirs appears as the best environmentally acceptable option. It can be done with existing technology; however, substantial R&D is needed to improve available technology and to lower the cost. Applicable to large CO2 emitting industrial facilities such as power plants, cement factories, steel industry, etc., which amount to more than 30% of the global anthropogenic CO2 emission, it represents a valuable tool in the battle against global warming. To cite this article: P. Jean-Baptiste, R. Ducroux, C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Nuclear energy has distinctive merits (sustainable resources, low costs, no greenhouse gases) but its development must overcome serious hurdles (fear of accidents, radiophobia, waste management). The large unit size of present-day reactors is compatible only with large electrical grids, and involves a high capital cost. Taking into account these different factors, the paper outlines how nuclear energy may contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gases, and which are the most promising developments. To cite this article: P. Bacher, C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper examines the effects on CO2 emissions from daily mobility of various scenarios of periurban residential location. These scenarios are studied on two contrasted periurban areas, one depending on the urban agglomeration of Lyon, the other on the urban agglomeration of Strasbourg. The study is focused on the polarization of urbanization, based on the hypothesis that, with regards to urban planning, the issue is less linked to the densification of the urban fabric than to its polarization. However, the relocation of housing in selected periurban poles results in limited reductions of CO2 emissions. The social and political costs of these scenarios and their low impact on CO2 emissions make their relevance even lower, especially when compared to mobility scenarios. Finally, the role of urban planning for easing these mobility scenarios is discussed.

This paper attempts to analyze spatial variability, temporal trends and identify the discontinuities in the maximum and minimum temperature’s time series. This study is based on annual and monthly data from the Kolda Weather Station over a 50-year period. Our approach is essentially structured according to 3 components: first, anomaly index and cumulative sums are calculated and finally, Mann-Kendall statistical test is performed. Considering anomaly index, results highlight four categories of periods both annual and monthly scale: very hot, hot, very cold and cold for the maximums and the minimums. The analysis indicated that minimums increased significantly more than maximums. Regarding the CUSUM, results showed a downward trend for maximums and upwards for minimums on an annual and monthly basis. The dates of these breaks are 2001 and May for maximums and 1975 and February for minimums respectively at annual and monthly scale. Regarding Mann Kendall test, results show a significant downward and upwards trend respectively for maximums and minimums. On a monthly scale, we make the same observations except that the trend is not significant for minimums. It can be concluded that the strong warming experienced by the Kolda region in recent years is largely conditioned by the increase in minimum annual temperature.

Résumé: En analysant diverses sources, les auteurs de cet article* estiment que l'obésité entraîne l'émission de 700 mégatonnes par an d'équivalent CO2, soit 1,6 % du total des émissions mondiales de gaz à effet de serre (GES). Par conséquent, la réduction de l'obésité pourrait avoir des avantages considérables pour l'environnement comme pour la santé publique. After their analysis of various sources, the authors of this article* estimate that obesity causes the emission of 700 megatons a year of equivalent CO2, or 1.6% of total worldwide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Reducing obesity could therefore benefit the environment as well as public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2010, Neighborhood area 07 in Guntung Village received Black Award from Bontang government due to environmental issues. The issues are included the mounting trash resulted from this area which is not managed well, dirty and slum environment, unpleasant odors from the rubbish heap and scabies suffered by residents. As the company located next to Guntung Village, PT. Pupuk Kalimantan Timur (PKT) is very concerned about environmental problems. It encouraged these residents to initiate establishing Groups through Corporate Social Responsibility. It aims to "change the slum area to be healthy and great". This program is established to solve the waste problem and exploring economic opportunities. Mekarsari Group turns leaves into compost and its development innovates by processing food waste into liquid organic fertilizer (Indonesia called POC). To improve the group’s institutional status, the joint venture group Mekarsari formed and in extending process its competitiveness, change to Mekarsari Cooperative, this paper observes a legal status. The research method is qualitative with participative observation and technique of data collection employed with interviews. The changing waste into compost and POC, have various effects on sustainable development. The slum village changed to green village. The residents receive additional income and reducing Greenhouse Gases.

Carbon credits issued from the Clean Development Mechanism forest projects generally belong to project investors. Nevertheless, such an issue remains highly conflicting when dealing with REDD+. Voices arise against the risk of investors capturing much of the expected benefits from REDD+ projects. In the present paper we argue that this may not be the right issue to be tackled. Although both the REDD+ governance architecture and its funding mechanisms are still to be decided, we argue that this risk may be valid only in the case of carbon credits issued from projects. We also argue that this risk will also depend on the economic model behind REDD+ projects. If projects adopt an approach of being paid for the provision of environmental services, paying legal or traditional forest owners for conserving forest carbon stocks makes sense. This approach can be described as a “conservation rent”, and has been highly criticized by economists for undermining effectiveness. Another approach would be to get paid for an “active contribution” to a particular environmental objective. In this case, we argue that a specific right arises from this activity, different from the rights over the resource. Here, carbon property rights can be invoked to share the carbon rent, if any. In the end, to clarify the debate around carbon rights amounts to distinguish benefits from rent.

The sixteenth Conference of the Parties (COP16) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ended on December 11, 2010, on a positive note, as the Cancún Accords were adopted. In order to evaluate the results of COP16, this paper will take on the double task of examining the main issues at stake in the climate negotiations, and of considering the Cancún Accords in light of those issues. The issues are : the future of the multilateral process, the problem of climate injustice, and the uncertainty regarding the legal architecture of the forthcoming climate treaty. This analysis of the Cancún Accords reveals a paradox that the next COP will have to confront at the end of 2011.

This article focuses on implementation of market based approaches for greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement in India. It is difficult to speculate on the nature and magnitude of GHG mitigation commitment that India might undertake in future. Three capacity issues are of critical importance for GHG abatement, namely, monitoring of emissions, ensuring compliance and policy analysis capability for market based instruments (MBIs). This article describes domestic capacity to design and implement MBIs such as emissions trading for GHG abatement in India.