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Motivation of students plays one of the most important roles in the effective study of a foreign language. If he is not motivated, the student is inattentive in class, does not do homework and may even distract others. Therefore, the key to successful learning a foreign language directly depends on the presence of certain motivation in students. In the proposed study, the authors aimed to analyze the main methods of creating, maintaining or strengthening the motivation of students while learning a foreign language. To achieve this goal, we used methods of generalization, systematization and selection of facts and materials obtained in the process of processing domestic and foreign bibliographic sources. Before presenting methodological developments, researchers turned to domestic and foreign authors who have dedicated their work to this issue. During the bibliographic analysis it was found that the chosen topic was thoroughly studied by such authors as: N. Arestova, A. Maslow and H. Heckhausen. All researchers agree that motivation is a set of motives that significantly affect any human activity in general and the study of a foreign language in particular. The authors offer the game as one of the most important methods to increase student motivation. We are currently considering a “station” game, which aims to create a product: an interview, a dialogue, a sketch or a role-playing game. Skills of teamwork, making extraordinary decisions are developed. The game “station” provides action-oriented, creative learning, which aims to reveal the personality. In the process of free labor, knowledge is formed that is of great importance for language practice. The form and method of execution the student chooses, which certainly increases the efficiency of the process. According to the authors, the game provides internal differentiation, as some stations offer materials for “weak” and “strong” students, which is extremely important because the group often includes applicants with different levels of foreign language proficiency. The game is based on the principles of the lesson, focused on creating a project, because the result of the task is not the only right solution, but alternatives. Thus, the game “station” provides action-oriented, creative learning, which aims to create a product such as a collage or poster. The main thing is that the student at each station finds a new learning approach and, performing tasks, improves their knowledge on this topic. It should be noted that such a result can be reached if the proposed tasks are of interest to the student, stimulate active work with materials and find a common solution to the problem. In addition, the method of using video stories in the classroom is considered as the main means of increasing student motivation. It is noted that the most important advantage of using video materials in education is the development of various types of mental activity, especially attention and memory. While watching videos in the audience there is an atmosphere of joint cognitive activity. These types of exercises provide an opportunity to increase motivation to learn foreign languages, significantly replenish the vocabulary of applicants and diversify classes. Watching videos is not only a source of information, but also contributes to the development of attention and memory of students, and has a positive effect on the strength of the assimilation of local lore and language material. In addition, such exercises pleasantly change the lesson, add to it elements of real life, even on the screen, but will teach you to work with videos, and not just look at the screen. It is concluded that video exercises are very diverse and serve not only to arouse cognitive interest in the subject, but also to improve the quality of knowledge acquisition and create a stable motivational base for learning a foreign language. During the study, the authors came to the following conclusions: a significant increase in student motivation to learn a foreign language is influenced by the use of unusual games, video and the use of modern applications aimed at successfully learning new vocabulary, such as Lexilize flashcards, 2 Books. All these methods together provide a high level of motivation for students in a foreign language class and contribute to its successful learning.

In 2024, due to sanctions restrictions, the availability of medical raw materials may be seriously limited, which acutely raises the question of the availability of its own, Russian base of medicinal raw materials. The concept of pharmaceutical safety of the country involves expanding the range of cultivated medicinal plants, primarily in the northern regions, where special soil and climatic conditions (long daylight hours, low temperatures of the growing season, soil conditions) allow plants to accumulate a greater amount of biologically active substances compared to plants cultivated in the southern regions. One of the most valuable, but sparsely distributed species of medicinal plants is the common autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale), which contains a sparsely distributed alacloid – colchicine. Colchicine is a valuable alkaloid used in medicine and in plant breeding. Previously, it was found that the common autumn crocus containing the alkaloid colchicine tolerates winter in South Karelia and can be used as a local source of colchicine. In this regard, the purpose of our research was to study the features of the introduction of the common autumn crocus on sod-podzolic mineral soils of South Karelia.

The article systematizes theoretical and methodological provisions on the international experience of the formation of machine learning in interests of economic development and strengthening of defense capabilities on the example of the USA and China. On the basis of official documents and statistical data the state strategies, the strategy of machine learning formation for dual-use technology and the methodology of state regulation of machine learning in the countries under consideration are analysed. Increasing complexity of modern digital technologies is compensated by their growing interoperability - their readiness to integrate into various heterogeneous spheres of state development without the need for costly adaptation measures.

The first period (the second quarter of the 19th – the end of the 19th centuries) has been characterized by a long but unsystematic accumulation of materials represented by chance finds. Mostly Greek and Latin inscriptions and coins have been studied. In the second period (1900–1940), the archaeological study of Tyras has begun. They have managed to establish the cultural layers thickness; materials of excavations have been actively published, historical observations of a general nature made. The third period (40s – early 60s of the 20th Century) is associated with the beginning of a systematic study of the site. Important construction and production complexes have been discovered. Systematization of mass material has begun. The questions of economy, trade, ethnocultural relations of the city with the outside world have been raised. In the next period (from the late 60s of the 20th Century until now), high-quality observations of the monument’s stratigraphy and its boundaries have been performed, a representative collection of materials has been amassed; the materials collected are being actively introduced into scientific circulation.

The article systematizes theoretical and methodological provisions on the prospects of deployment of environmental safety, digital technologies, including artificial intelligence, industrial Internet, additive manufacturing and other elements of the “Industry 4.0” concept at Russian high-tech enterprises in order to improve the efficiency of finished products and dual-use technologies. Current and prospective areas of integration of “Industry 4.0” concept elements into production processes are considered, examples of successful cases of implementation of “Industry 4.0” technologies at Russian high-tech enterprises are given. The article identifies and analyzes the factors that stimulate and restrain the integration of the elements of the “Industry 4.0” concept at Russian high-tech enterprises. The results of the article can be used for further improvement of the state economic and legal regulation of digital technology development.

This article aims to explore the possibility of using the Kalman filter to filter images. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that at present the tasks of image processing have become of great importance in many areas, such as industry, science, medicine, space industry and agriculture. Methods for improving image quality are of great applied and scientific interest for the agricultural sector, since machine vision methods are now widely used in assessing the condition of agricultural plants, soil condition, sorting of agricultural products, controlling unmanned agricultural machines, etc. The purpose of this work is to develop an algorithm and software for filtering grayscale images. The article consists of four parts: Introduction, Materials and methods, Results, Conclusions. The first part describes the relevance of the topic, discusses the reasons for obtaining noisy images. The second part describes the Kalman filter algorithm as applied to image filtering problems. In the third part, the results of the software implementation of the developed algorithm are considered, which make it possible to evaluate the quality of image filtering. In the fourth part conclusions are drawn and summed up. The main results of the work are the algorithmic implementation of noise removal from halftone images grayscale images using a software tool developed as part of these studies.

In this study, we verified the theory about the greatest steepness in body size variation in insects males compared with females in altitude gradients. As the model, ground beetles took as the appreciated bioindicators. We sampled three species of carabids at two regions: Carabus odoratus and Pterostihusmontanus were sampled at four elevations at Barguzin Ridge (N 54° 20’; E 109° 30’, Russia) and Carabus exaratus – at three elevations in mountainous terrain in Chechnya Republic (42088’N 46044’E Russia). We measured more than 1000 individuals by six linear traits and construct regression models of females’ and males’ size variation along elevation gradients. The regression slopes in the majority of the overwhelming case (14 models out of 18) were sex-biased. In P. montanus elytra length variation and C. exaratus traits width variation, the slopes differed in males and females only: In the first case, trait value in females significantly increased and in the second traits values varied in opposite directions. Therefore, we did not find evidence of greater steepness in male traits variation in ground beetles.

A traction-driven tillage tool with low traction resistance has been developed. A decrease in the tractive resistance of the implement is achieved by transferring the main share of the power consumed by the implement to the process of loosening the soil through the tractor power take-off shaft (PTO) to the drive needle discs, which in turn create a pushing force. The efficiency of the technological process of soil cultivation depends on the kinematic mode of operation of each row of disk working bodies of the tractiondrive tillage implements. To optimize their kinematic mode of operation, a multifactorial experiment was carried out, which made it possible to establish the optimal values of such factors as the kinematic parameters of the 1st and 2nd rows of needle disks at the set operating speed of the unit.

The main objectives of the study are the analysis and generalization of the parameters that determine the intensity of the sintering, the development of a model of motion of the combustion zone of the sinter charge. As a result of the analysis of the known indicators of the intensity of the sintering process, it was shown that the most representative characteristic of the intensity of the process is the vertical sintering speed, which is an integral part of the complex intensity indicator − the specific productivity of the sintering machine. Many various models of the sintering process have been developed. The author develops a new mathematical model of the motion of the solid fuel combustion zone during sintering of the sinter charge (vertical sintering speed). The model is presented in the form of an expanding network of separate interrelated dependencies (equations), selected as independent submodels. The results of the study using the developed model of the dependence of the vertical sintering speed on the solid fuel content and on the flux content in the charge, are presented. It is concluded that the presented model can be considered as an element of a universal model software complex of the sintering process.

Changes in the specific liver mass, number of single and binucleate cells of different ploidy, mitotic index and alteration index, DNA content and inclusion of 3H-thymidine in DNA of Wistar rats and CBA mice in the following conditions: at 0°C for 3, 7, 14 days for 23 hours per day, and in the highlands conditions (3, 200 m above sea level) for 3 and 30 days. Activation of regenerative processes has been established — proliferation of hepatocytes (mainly diploid) in combination with polyploid cell share reduction, as well as cellular hypertrophy development. Cell dynamics shifts persisted throughout the observation duration and were opposite in direction when growing up and aging.

Tillage energy efficiency increase is one of the important tasks in improving the profitability and sustainability of agricultural production. The paper proposes to increase cultivation energy efficiency due to the use of traction-drive tilling implement with active working bodies, not creating a high traction resistance and not requiring a large towing weight of aggregated tractor. The analysis of the energy efficiency of soil cultivation using traction-driven tilling implements with active working bodies has been carried out, and theoretical dependences of the coefficient of efficiency of a traction-driven machine-tractor unit has been obtained. The possibility of increasing the efficiency of the unit by reducing slipping of the tractor wheels and losses on rolling of the unit has been determined, which has been achieved by transferring part of the power through the power take-off shaft (PTO) of tractor to the drive working bodies of tilling implement, which compensate for traction resistance of the implement and create a pushing force, reducing the resistance to rolling.

Many years of coal production have led to significant changes in the stability of the rock mass and the earth's surface in the territory of the coal mining regions of Ukraine. The reasons for such changes are the increase of fracture and decrease of the strength of rocks, stratification and hanging of rocks in the boundary parts of workings, the presence of interstices in the coal-face workings, large-scale subsidence of the earth's surface, underworking of a considerable number of buildings, structures and infrastructure.

The study is aimed at the issued of environmental planning and management of energy resource extraction in the Russian Arctic Zone. The paper presents a systematic overview of the factors currently hindering comprehensive analysis of the consequences of intensified industrial development of energy resources, and consequently, effective managerial decision-making counteracting negative environmental impacts in the Russian Arctic. The environmental safety of oil and gas facilities on the shelf greatly depends on a system for continuous environmental monitoring, which allows developing measures to reduce environmental risks. There were formulated the main provisions of environmental monitoring as an element of the environmental planning system for facilitating effective managerial decision-making in industrial development of Arctic energy resources.

This paper considers processing of conflicting user requests in ubiquitous corporate smart spaces. The formulated problem consists in the contradiction between the limitation of available smart space resources to perform the conflicting user requests and necessity to provide the proper quality of service in corporate smart spaces. The principles of constructing the simulation model are described. The experiments were carried out basing on a model of the SPIIRAS digital signage service. Several task management strategies are discussed, an assessment of their effectiveness is given. The research is aimed at improving the quality of service and user experience in human-computer interaction within the corporate smart spaces.

Employment of various protocols and technologies in IoT networks leads to the lack of module unification and increase in incompatible technical solutions. Modern IoT networks are not designed for streaming audio/video data, so their application field is limited. Also, modern IoT networks should have connection areas for devices transferring data to the Internet, and consider hardware and software specific characteristics of these devices. We offer one-size-fits-all solution for organization of IoT network, using hybrid modules. These devices provide flexibility, scalability, energy efficiency and multi-use of network for the transfer of various types of data. This approach takes into account software and hardware features of the devices used for data transmission in IoT networks, which helps to automate connecting the modules chosen by user.