Search

Although the important positive effects that lakes have ondevelopment at the regional level and beyond, they also have a negativeimpact related to the large amounts of water that they can consume byevaporation. This paper quantifies the effects that one of the largestartificial lakes in Romania (with complex use) has on the environment byestimating the blue water footprint and the carbon footprint. Thus, ananalysis is made of the evolution of the blue water footprint and carbonintensity (calculated for a 100-year life cycle) for 16 years and Pearsoncorrelation coefficients for these indicators are investigated. During the2008-2023 study period, the mean water footprint for the Vidraruhydropower plant was 5.07 m3/GJ and the carbon intensity varies between7.1 to 5.24 gCO2/kWh, with a polynomial trend. Those results are in goodagreement compared with the literature presenting results related to largereservoirs.

International Conference on Electronics, Engineering Physics and Earth Science (EEPES 2024), 19 - 21 June, 2024, Kavala, Greece.

The construction of pile foundations in permafrost conditions is a durable and cost-effective design that shows high performance of piles in contrast to slab, block and strip foundations. In the Russian experience of construction in permafrost conditions, the most common methods of piling are the following: sinking method, driven method, drill-and-pile method, and drill-and-pile method. Descending method, where the piles are driven into thawed and liquefied soil. Pile driving method, in which piles are driven into frozen ground using percussion mechanisms. Drill-and-pile method, which combines the use of sinking and drilling piles. Drill-and-pile method, in which a borehole is drilled first and then the piles are driven into the frozen ground. Organisational and technological flow reliability involves the efficient use of resources, compliance with standards, organisation of work processes and safety. This allows the objectives to be achieved efficiently and ensures reliable process operation. The main indicators are: system uptime without failure TO, delays in information transfer HO, equipment reliability PO, material quality FO, operator errors DO. In fact, the control of these indicators affects the organisational and technological reliability of the flow and the work production system as a whole.

New InnoSolv llc. device for low temperature nitrogen assisted distillation was used for wine dealcoholization. The method approved by virtue of collaboration of InoSolv Ltd and UFT include evaporation of alcohol and other volatiles at a temperature not exceeding 32 °C in entirely nitrogen atmosphere. The three regime of wine treatment were used, reducing alcohol level of the treated wine respectively up to 9.80 (regime A); 5.85 (regime B) and 2.75 vol.% (regime C) starting from 14.15 vol.% of the initial wine. More than 80.0% of the esters of the initial wine remain in the treated wine in regime A. The volatiles such as esters, higher alcohols and aldehydes as well as some individual specific volatile compounds were determined in the treated wines and in the separated distillates. The presence of suspended particles does not interfere the proper operation of the installation and device can be used for wines during theirs fermentation. The system and method for offer gentle regimes wine treatment and low operating costs thanks to heat pump incorporation. There is not requirement for steam consumption and cooling water compared to alternative methods. The system is fully closed, without venting outside which is substantial for aroma preservation.

The article presents brief history of romanticism in contemporary youth literature. Topics discussed include children's literature in early 2000s, representation of migration, reality of novels, structural analysis of narratives, frequency of romanticism in literature, history of romanesque and use of anthropomorphism in literature.

The outbreak and Balkan and Anatolian trajectories of the rebellions of Borkluce Mustafa and Sheikh Bedreddin in 1416 still pose a series of religio-historic problems which still do not allow a satisfactory and detailed reconstruction of their chronology. Widening the investigation of the source base for these uprisings and their following remains a crucial desideratum for a better understanding of the turbulent period of the Ottoman interregnum and the Ottoman-Byzantine transition in eastern Anatolia in the early fifteenth century. Apart from the social and political features of the rebellions (which have been treated in a variety of contrasting ideological and methodological frameworks, their striking religious dimension has been also increasingly attracting scholarly and general attention. Earlier and recent research on the Ottoman interregnum period have occasionally advanced arguments for the active participation of Christian heretical groups, whether Christian dualist (Bogomil or Paulician) or radical apocalyptic insurgents of Eastern or Western Christian provenance. Drawing on new advances in research on religious trends in the late Byzantine and Balkan Orthodox and early Ottoman religious life and inter-religious contacts, the paper will offer an reassessment of the evidence of such proposed Christian heretical presence in the uprisings, while also exploring other venues for the provenance of their religious and trans-confessional underpinnings.

Introduction. Blastocystis sp. is a common protozoan parasite that colonizes the intestinal tract of humans and animals and in humans nine subtypes have been described so far. Gastrointestinal symptoms and/or allergic reactions are the most common reported symptoms. It is considered that there could be a link between symptoms and the subtype of Blastocystis sp. The objective of the study was to determine the subtype of Blastocystis sp. isolates from a cohort of patients hospitalized in the University Hospital – Pleven, Bulgaria. Material and methods. Blastocystis sp. isolates were collected from hospitalized patients who were clinically referred for parasitological testing and genomic DNA was extracted from cultivated Blastocystis sp. samples. The isolated DNA was then used to perform subtype classification using known sequence-tagged site (STS) primers and RFLP analysis of small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene. Results. Blastocystis sp. was isolated from 42 out of the 261 tested patients – a prevalence of 16.09%. Out of the 42 Blastocystis sp. positive fecal samples, DNA was successfully extracted from 33. The isolated DNA belonged only to two subtypes – ST1 and ST3. No mixed subtypes were detected. Conclusions. We found that ST3 was more prevalent among patients with clinically presenting allergic diseases – 17 of the tested patients (65.38%). ST1 was isolated from patients with allergic and with gastro-intestinal symptoms.

ntroduction. Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasitosis still encountered in Balkan countries. Bulgaria is a country with a high incidence of CE and ranks first among the countries of European Union. Objectives. The study aimed at analyzing the trends in CE incidence from 1998 to 2017 in the Pleven region of Bulgaria and of finding out if the implementation of the Bulgarian national program for control of cystic echinococcosis in humans and animals has resulted in the decrease of the disease rates. Methods. This study of echinococcosis in the Pleven region covers 20 years (1998–2017) and is divided into two parts: before and after the introduction of the 5-year program for control. Data were collected from epidemiological records and histories of 248 subjects with primary CE. Results. A high incidence was registered during the first studied period (1998 – 2007) – 5.27 o/oooo, which in 1999 reached 8.14 o/oooo. After implementation of the national program, the yearly incidence of hydatid disease showed a statistically significant decrease, reaching 2.42 o/oooo in 2017. The analysis of the data showed that the incidence was higher among working-age people and in the 5-19 years old age group. Conclusions. The persistence of a relatively high incidence in the young age group is a sign of continuing active transmission of the infection and demonstrates the necessity to continue active measures.

This article deals with the nonlinear behavior of trabecular bone tissue under uniaxial compression. The model of this behavior is a stress-strain curve with an ascending branch, a peak point, and a descending branch. The known stress-strain model predicts the behavior of trabecular bone tissue at the pre-peak and partially at the post-peak stage of deformation. The model does not take into account the transition of trabecular bone into the plastic stage of deformation and the appearance of residual deformations, which (depending on the scale) may be physiologically unacceptable. The aim of this work is to predict the transition point of trabecular bone into the plastic state. The article proposes and implements an approach based on the joint application of the stress-strain model and the differential energy criterion of brittle fracture. This study contributes to the development of new models, the use of which improves the possibilities of analyzing the mechanical behavior of trabecular bone tissue under mechanical impact, which is important for the practice of load rationing in traumatology and sports medicine. The small amount of initial data is a positive quality of the proposed approach to modeling the transition of trabecular bone into the plastic state. Given the small volume of studies using the proposed approach, it is necessary to continue research in this direction, despite the good agreement of the modeling results with the experimental data known from the literature.

Modern construction of pile foundations in permafrost conditions includes a cycle of operations: conducting geological and geodesic surveys; developing design and estimate documentation; construction and installation work; monitoring. Six main indicators are considered to determine the organizational and technological reliability of pile foundations for industrial tanks in permafrost soils: environmental performance (EF), intensity (Cf), cost (Cf), innovation (Mf), operational reliability (ORf), quality (Qf). Eco-friendliness depends on the material, the immersion technology, embedding depth, engineering and environmental survey, and other factors. Quality depends on determining the characteristics of the soil, assessing the depth of the hard frozen ground, methods for analyzing the strength characteristics of piles, pile inspection methods, materials, sinking technology, and other factors. The intensity depends on the volume and duration of the work. The duration depends on the depth of the foundation, pile installation technology, climatic conditions, soil characteristics, and other factors. The cost depends on the depth of embedding, immersion technology, material, construction area, the complexity of the project, and other factors. Innovativeness depends on introducing new technologies, resistance to climate change, material, structural changes in piles, and other factors. Operational reliability depends on permafrost soil characteristics, foundation design parameters, material performance characteristics, process parameters, operating conditions, inspection and maintenance, and other factors.

International Conference on Electronics, Engineering Physics and Earth Science (EEPES 2023), 21 - 23 June, 2023, Kavala, Greece.

Analysis of the chemical composition of volatile substances in two distillates from Prunus domestica “Stanley” cultivated in the village of Rumyantsevo, Lovech, Bulgaria. Production is in an industrial environment, fermentation and distillation are carried out under equal conditions, but on different starting materials. One batch PDS-1 distilled from fermented mash and second batch PDS-2 distilled from fermented juice. The distillation apparatus is equipped with a rectifying column with 4 trays, as well as a water reflux condenser. Determination of congeners in both samples was done by gas chromatography principle OIV-MA-BS-14:2009. Methodology used for measuring alcohol content, cyanide derivatives, furfural and total acidity is according to the requirements of the OIV. In PDS-1 methanol (1094.7 g/hL a.a.) is almost 8% higher than in PDS-2 (1015.8 g/hL a.a.), it was found insignificant increase of furfural content in distillates of PDS-1 than in PDS-2. Concerning esters, aldehydes and higher alcohols the amount in PDS- 1 is significantly higher than in PDS-2, respectively 203.06 g/hL, 14.2 g/hL and 484.6 g/hL in batch fermented with hard particles, and 14.2 g/hL, 8.6 g/hL, 267.9 g/hL in batch produced from fermented juice.

Samples from Melnik 55 grape variety (Vitis vinifera) were collected from different stage of grape maturity. Grape seeds and skins from each sample were separated and extracted with model wine solutions with increasing alcohol content simulated alcohol accumulation during wine fermentation. Total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, skin pigments and tannins in each sample were determined. During grape ripening not only total phenols content of grape skins and seeds are changed but also their extractability. Ethanol released during wine fermentation is strong phenol extragents but its role is getting smaller as riper is the grape. This tendency is more pronounced in seeds phenolics extractability than in skins.

S. domestica are valuable plants which have been used for both nutritional purposes and in traditional medicine. Recent studies reveal that in the fruits of S. domestica the sugar content and total acidity is similar to quantities in apples (Malus spp.) and pears (Pyrus spp.). Despite the sufficient data obtained S. domestica is not yet so strongly represented in the production of distilled beverages. For the purpose of this study, we obtained beverages by means of three different methods - distillation of fermented juice (A), distillation of fermented crushed fruit mixture (B) and distillation of ethanol-water extract (C). The different fractions obtained during the distillation process were studied and correspondently used to determine the quantities of Alcohol, Esters, Aldehydes, Higher alcohols and Methanol. Concentration of Esters in the fractions is between 3688.0 mg/L to 29.0 mg/L. The quantity of Esters in fractions of Series A and B is three times higher than in Series C. Regarding the Aldehyde and Higher alcohols content is ten times higher in both A and B Series in comparison to Series C.

Digitalization has already been largely seen as a key competitive advantage for all enterprises regardless of their economic sector or field of activity. Traditional economic activities such as agricultural and livestock farming have not been left out from those innovative approaches. The article focuses on some unorthodox economic performances shown by Bulgarian livestock farms in the recent years, including Farm Net Value Added by Annual Work Unit and VAT on investments. The article draws the general framework in terms of available products targeting medium and large enterprises in livestock farming addressing their needs for digitalization and automation of processes. The authors include an overview of existing software solutions for the Bulgarian market. Additional comparative analysis of available products, developed for livestock farming companies, will be drawn, emphasizing on the tools and different options they provide.

In this manuscript, the reduction of the battery capacity of a hybrid electric vehicle with the help of electrically assisted turbochargers was analyzed. Using the battery for vehicle propulsion and the options for its recharging, it could be concluded, that the most efficient way would be to use the battery energy for boosting mainly through eTurboTM and recharge the battery mainly with the traction motor in regenerative braking. Based on both steady-state and transient analysis it is clear, that for having the same dynamic HEV performance, the boosting with propulsion through ICE requires significantly less energy from the battery compared to the boosting through the traction motor. Therefore using the eTurboTM as boosting device can lead to reduce the battery capacity and reduce fuel consumption and emission of the vehicle.

An approach for modelling of fire in halls at solid materials burning, based on gas phase combustion models in ANSYS/CFX, is proposed. The models are suitable for quick prediction of the flue gases distribution and thermal loads on the building envelopes at a design stage. They was applied for numerical simulation of such processes in a coffee storage hall at different fire positions and forced anti-smoke ventilation. The thermal, fluid flow and concentration field were obtained at the modelled scenarios. Maximal thermal loads on the building envelopes are established at the case of fire near their non-streamlined parts.

In this article, a simulation and evaluation of the mechanical stress exerted by the wind on photovoltaic panels is performed. The stresses of the solar cells in a PV module are calculated using the finite element method, taking into account the wind pressure and the allowable mechanical stresses, according to the regulatory requirements. Seven different operating positions of the photovoltaic panel during its rotation from 0° to 90° are considered. In each of these positions, a distributed load for computer simulations is 1 kN/m2. It is clear from them that for all operating positions of the panel, the maximum stresses are obtained in its frame. These stresses in different cases vary around the value of 50 MPa and are not dangerous for the structure.

In this study, we examine Turkey’s Hatay city and some of its districts (Belen, Antakya, Iskenderun, Samandag) and we assessed the possibility of electricity production from wind power plants. The area of Hatay is 5559 km2 that is located in the southernmost part of Turkey and east of the Mediterranean Sea. The accumulated data obtained from Belen- Hatay wind speed data are shown. The seasonal cumulative probability distributions of wind speeds for Belen-Hatay are analysed in the paper. The wind speeds in summer are higher than in the other seasons. As a result, the Belen-Hatay region is a very favourable place in terms of wind and has high wind energy potential. In this region, the hourly wind speeds are higher than 5 m/s and about 70% of occasions at 10 m height above ground level. It is also known that for nine months of the year, the average wind speeds are more than 5 m/s. On the other hand, average monthly wind energy productions are higher than 200W/m2 for eight months of the year.

An algorithm for modelling of the heat transfer in storage halls at different combinations of open doors and smoke vents is developed. The models allow numerical simulations of velocity, pressure and temperature fields in the halls in cases of transient and steady state conditions, taking into account the indoor buoyancy, heat sources, heat transfer through the building envelopes and outdoor wind pressures. The models are solved numerically via finite volume method in order to estimate the necessity of additional heating at a design stage of a courier logistic storage hall, situated in the temperate climate zone, at the hardest winter conditions of the region. Recommendations about the organization of the heating and the cargo input are done based on the analyses of the fluid flow and thermal fields at the modelled scenarios.

This article analyses the development of wind energy in Turkey - the number and capacity of installed wind generators, as well as the generated electricity. It was established that the number of wind power plants is 99 with a total installed capacity of 3933 MW, and the amount of electricity produced by wind power plants is 17909.3 GWh / year. Turkey has been shown to have great potential for developing electricity generation from offshore wind farms. The increase in the number of offshore wind turbines in the coming years is expected to increase the relative share of renewable sources in the country’s energy mix, to contribute to the technological and industrial development of the regions, to produce electricity from renewable and environmentally friendly sources and to reduce the country’s energy dependence. It has been established that there are appropriate conditions in Turkey for the development of wind energy and preconditions have been created for achieving the target for promoting the use of renewable energy sources by 2023.

Forthcoming.

The improvement of the dynamic and exploitation characteristics of power transmissions is a significant and important problem. The solution of this problem becomes possible through improving the methods in the area of machine design and the existing approaches in experimental investigations. The vibrations in different technical systems including driving systems and power transmissions increase the noise level and the dynamic load. Therefore, the frequency analysis of these systems is especially important. The theoretical analysis of the dynamic behaviour of gear trains indicates that the vibrations in the area of the resonance zone display non-linear character as a result of partial or complete loss of contact in the meshing. The objective of the research presented is to investigate the dynamic behaviour of gear trains. An experimental test device for measuring, processing and analysis of the gear train vibrations has been deigned. The opportunities for data processing in an environment of LabVIEW and/or MATLAB aiming to obtain in an experimental way relationships demonstrating acceleration and resonant frequencies. Conclusions and recommendations have been summarized.

The following work focuses on the study of the energy complex in a particular country (Sweden) and in specific conditions (Luleå municipality in the first and second decades of the 21st century). The conclusions and results obtained during the work might be interesting from the point of view of applicability of practice in other countries, as an example of successful experience in implementing an effective fuel and energy complex, which allows each of the parties (producers and consumers) to derive the maximum mutual benefit. The main features of the energy economy of Sweden as a whole have also been considered, which may contribute to the deepening of research in this vein, in order to allow other municipalities to be considered, which in turn will make it possible to assess the efficiency and prospects of the fuel and energy complex in the country as a whole. The work also proposes and considers possible points of intensification of the production cycle in order to increase production capacities and improve the conditions for consumers who, due to the geographical features of the country’s location, are forced to spend large amounts of money on innovative technologies, illustrated in consumer prices for electricity and heat supply (especially other municipalities in Sweden, for example, the difference between Luleå and them in terms of consumer prices can reach 30-40%).

The article intends to draw attention to some of the most significant and telling appropriations of traditional themes of Biblical paradise in medieval Christian dualism (namely, Paulicianism, Bogomilism and related groups in Eastern Christendom and Catharism in Western Christendom) and initiate discussion on the important but presently not always explicable problem of their theological and literary provenance. The significance of this problematic is highlighted by the increasing amount of direct and indirect evidence of the role played by a number of early Jewish and Christian pseudepigraphic works in the formation of medieval Christian dualist cosmogonic, cosmological, satanological, Christological and biblical history traditions. The preliminary survey of medieval dualist conceptions of biblical Paradise shows also once more that the doctrinal evidence for Bogomilism and Catharism is too complex and polyvalent to be defined or ignored apriori as representing medieval heresiological constructs drawing on earlier heresiological texts and stereotypes. The material examined in the article shows that the text-critical treatment of the primary sources to first establish the most plausible literary and theological provenance of the respective teachings attributed to medieval Christian dualist groups or individuals still remains indispensable to the study of medieval heresy and needs to precede the application of models and approaches drawn from contemporary anthropological and sociological theory to the source material.