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Objective: Study of histological and clinical correlations of 30 cases of renal amyloidosis AA diagnosed between November 2010 and December 2012., Results: The main causes associated with amyloidosis AA were represented by chronic infectious diseases (60%). Nephrotic syndrome and renal failure were observed in 94% and 73% respectively. The distribution of amyloid deposits: 90% of patients had a glomerular form and 10% had a vascular form. Inflammatory reaction associated with AA renal amyloidosis was present in 50% of cases. This inflammation was observed near amyloid deposits associated with a deposition of immunoglobulin chains and/or complement factors., Conclusion: Our study confirms the predominance of AA amyloidosis complicating chronic infectious diseases, especially tuberculosis. Our data point out a relationship between the morphology of renal AA amyloidosis, its clinical presentation and prognosis., (Copyright © 2015 Association Société de néphrologie. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.)

Sclerodermic renal crisis is defined as a severe arterial hypertension or rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in a sclerodermic patient, associated with anuria due to no other cause but systemic sclerodermia. It constitutes a rare and dangerous complication. The renal prognosis can be effectively improved by converting enzyme inhibitors, allowing a better arterial hypertension control. However, the associated mortality remains high, a follow up must be instaured in order to prevent the apparition of renal lesions in all sclerodermic patients. We report a case of rapidly progressive renal failure with hypertension in a patient with no previous problems, which preceded the development of scleroderma diffuse cutaneous form. The biopsy showed a microangiopathy in the context of scleroderma renal crisis. The evolution was marked by the presence of chronic renal insufficiency which necessitated the dialysing start., (Copyright © 2010 Association Société de néphrologie. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.)

We present two cases of renal lymphoma revealed by acute renal failure (ARF), which remains a rare clinical entity. Case 1 was a 29-year-old man with an ARF. The diagnosis was a primitive kidney immunophenotype B lymphoma. The patient died after three courses of chemotherapy due to rapid spread lymphoma. The second case was a high-grade renal lymphomatous infiltration, with an unusual computer tomography image of two large kidneys compressing the stomach. Death happened early before initiating therapy. In both cases the diagnosis has been established by renal pathology. Early diagnosis is a key component of therapeutic success, however, the rapid spread of lymphoma worsened renal and vital prognosis., (Copyright © 2010 Association Société de néphrologie. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.)

Unlabelled: Ethylene glycol is present predominantly in antifreeze,and in industrial solvents. Accidental ingestion of ethylene glycol is relatively rare, but may be potentially lethal. It results in a depression of the central nervous system, a severe metabolic acidosis and an acute renal failure by tubular precipitation of calcium oxalate crystals. We report a case of ethylene glycol poisoning by through skin absorption., Observation: A 38-year-old man, working in a cement factory, with a history of cutaneous psoriasis for 10 years, was admitted to our hospital due to acute nausea, vomiting and diffuse abdominal pain, followed by generalized convulsive status epilepticus and worsening of his mental status. Biologic analysis showed severe metabolic acidosis and acute renal failure which required hemodialysis. On renal biopsy, there were intratubular crystals of calcium oxalate. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging showed posterior encephalitis. Evolution was marked by normalization of renal function at two weeks and improvement of the mental status. Retrospectively, the patient's history-taking revealed that he manipulated ethylene glycol without gloves., Conclusion: Cutaneous contact with ethylene glycol may cause poisoning in presence of skin lesions. The triad neurologic involvement, renal failure due to oxalate crystals deposits and metabolic acidosis leads to the diagnosis of ethylene glycol intoxication. In the case of acute renal failure with oliguria, haemodialysis is the treatment of choice. It allows the removal of the toxic substance and its metabolites with correction of the metabolic acidosis. The precocity of the treatment may improve the prognosis.

Introduction: Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is a rare cancer revealed in this case only after its ovarian metastasis, a Krukenberg tumor., Case Report: A 60-year old woman was hospitalized for jaundice. Her medical history included a hysterectomy eight months earlier for a Krukenberg tumor. The primary tumor had never been found. Physical examination showed isolated cholestatic jaundice. Blood tests revealed cholestasis and cytolysis. Hepatobiliary ultrasound showed dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Abdominal computed tomography confirmed that dilatation stopped at the hilar plate. Transparietal cholangiography findings suggested cholangiocarcinoma. Surgery discovered an extensive unresectable tumor of the proximal principal bile duct. The surgeon took tissue samples and placed a T-drain for decompression. The histology study found adenocarcinoma of the bile duct, and concluded that the Krukenberg tumor was secondary to this cholangiocarcinoma., Discussion: Hilar cholangiocarcinoma quickly invades adjacent structures, such as the liver, gallbladder, lymph nodes, blood vessels and local nerves. Remote metastases have been reported in the lungs, spleen, adrenal gland, and peritoneum. Ovarian metastasis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma is very rare.

Chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare benign tumor that is typically found in the metaphyseal ends of long tubular bones, such as the tibia. The radiographic appearances are those of a single, lytic lesion with lobulated margins, septations, cortical expansion and a sclerotic rim. The classic histological feature of a chondromyxoid fibroma is stellate or spindle-shaped cells arranged in lobules in a myxoid or chondroid background. Two cases are presented here: 8, and 12-year-old patients, both with lesions in the proximal tibia. The first case showed an unusual feature: it was diaphyseal chondromyxoid fibroma. In the second case, the lesion was metaphyso-diaphyseal. The differential diagnosis includes chondroblastoma, myxoma, aneurysmal cyst as well as chondrosarcoma. A surgical conservative treatment with complete excision is recommended even in case of recurrence.

Pleuropulmonary blastoma is a very exceptional anatomoclinical and histological entity recently distinguished from adult pneumoblastoma. This tumor, observed in children aged less than 15, can involve the lung, the pleura, or the mediastinum and is characterized by a very poor prognosis. We report the case of a 4-year-old girl who developed pleuropulmonary blastoma which was discovered in a context of respiratory distress. Standard chest x-ray revealed an opacity covering the entire left lung. Histology and immunohistology led to the diagnosis of pleuropulmonary blastoma with several components: blastematous, malignant mesenchymatous with pluridirectional differentiation, and benign epithelial tissue. Treatment consisted in preoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy to reduce tumor volume. This neoadjuvant treatment is not widely reported and its relatively favorable result allowed tumor resection. This approach might be useful in similar cases.

Giant cell fibroblastoma (GCF) is a rare neoplasm occurring mostly in children. It has a tendency to recur locally after treatment. We report a new case noticed in an five year-old child who developed recurrence a first time three years later with the picture of GCF and at a second time with the picture of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans 17 months later.

Pleuropulmonary blastoma is an uncommon malignant lung tumor observed in children. Outcome is often unfavorable. Two boys and two girls, mean age 4.5 years, were admitted for nonspecific respiratory signs. Oriented by radiology findings, the diagnosis of pleuropulmonary blastoma was confirmed at pathology examination of a pneumonectomy specimen. Three of the children were given postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. There were three deaths and one child was lost to follow-up. We discuss the clinical features of pleuropulmonary blastoma. No optimal treatment has been defined for this often fatal tumor.

Fibrocartilaginous mesenchymoma of bone is a tumoral entity which is somewhat controversial. It has been delineated in 1984 by Dahlin and al. Fifteen cases have been reported in the literature. We report a new case which involves proximal humerus. X-ray data, microscopic findings and local recurrence indicate a low grade malignancy. Metastasis have never been reported. The main differential diagnosis are desmoplastic fibroma, fibrous dysplasia and fibrosarcoma with low grade malignancy. Treatment is surgical.

We studied a retrospective series of 25 sub-pleural fibromas (benign localized pleural mesotheliomas) of which 23 where excised, collected over a period of 20 years. The current series confirms the excellent prognostic of these rare tumors. They are sometimes bulky, but not infiltrating and discovered by systematic chest X-ray. Modern imaging using CT-Scan and nuclear magnetic resonance can suggest their diagnostic which is confirmed by histopathologic analysis of the usually pediculate and easily removed tumor. Transthoracic needle aspiration is generally of little help for diagnosis. The histopathologic diversity of the tumor is rather confusing but characteristic features can be found with fusiform cells ans collagen stroma. Immuno-histochemistry is more helpful for diagnosis and histogenesis recognition than electron microscopy.