Search

The main aim of this study is to find out how the existing legislation can adequately address the challenge of gender inequality in employment of women in Uganda. The violations of women’s employment rights originate in the virtually universal history of unequal power relations between men and women. The findings of the study are that the existing regulatory framework on employment in Uganda though adequate, its enforcement is still a challenge. Major emphasis has been directed towards the use of gender-neutral non-sexist language whereas other factors that interfere with the regime have remained unchanged. The study further makes significant findings that gender inequality in the workplace takes many forms namely; denial of maternity leave, unequal pay, wrongful dismissal, denial of maternity leave, discrimination at work, sexual harassment, among others. The denial of such rights perpetuates gender inequality in the field of employment. The study makes relevant recommendations namely; strategic litigation, enforcement of existing laws, affirmative action, mainstreaming gender in employment sector and reform of traditional beliefs among others.

Rukiga (Bantu, JE14) generally does not have a dedicated morphological system to express mirativity, that is, speaker’s surprise at an unexpected occurrence. Nevertheless, using elicited data, I show that there are various non-dedicated linguistic tools that the language employs to express the speaker’s surprise. This paper discusses object marker doubling, predicate doubling, and the particles -o and ku, which convey mirativity as a secondary function because they have other various roles they play in the language. Hence, mirative interpretation is context-dependent. The findings indicate that the four strategies discussed can be combined for a reinforced mirative interpretation.

This study analyses the protection of citizens from torture in Uganda. It explains that torture which has a long history in Uganda continues to be used a s an instrument of repression of political dissent citizens by the government. The study further assesses what has been done to combat torture by looking at the institutional and legal framework in place. A conclusion is made that the existing legal framework in place on prohibition of torture is sufficient. However, the study states that there are underlying weaknesses when it comes to implementation. Further, the study answers the question why torture still prevails in Uganda whereas there is sufficient legislation in place. The study suggests a three-tier preventive strategy to protect citizens from torture in Uganda namely; a legal framework that prohibits torture, effective implementation of this legal framework and mechanisms to monitor the legal framework and its implementation.

This study gives an overview of women in artisanal and small scale mining in Uganda (ASM). It sheds light on regulatory framework while citing the barrier and benefits. In summary the finding of the study are namely; - (i) Many studies describe how male dominated the mining industry is. - (ii) Women play a significant role in ASM, however, much of their work takes place illegally. In Africa alone ASM workforce comprises of 40-50 % women. - (iii) Although many women work in ASM, the exact number of women involved in remains largely unknown. - (iv) ASM is a source of livelihood and has other social economic benefits for many women and in poor rural families in Uganda. - (v) The study reveals key barriers that women in ASM face and suggest what can be done to make it more gender responsive.

Access to public services in developing countries is always inefficient and resistant to reform. Despite substantial investments in public water and waste management in Uganda, coverage and service levels have failed to improve as expected due to sluggish progress. Whereas there may be substantial legal framework in place, there are challenges and obstacles which affect adequate access to these services. Only 32 % of Ugandans have access to safe water supply, while only 19 % have access to basic sanitation. This is partly attributed to lack of enforcement and weak punitive measures in the relevant legal framework. Other challenges include, poor management, corruption, politicization and lack of the requisite political will, rapid population growth, poor infrastructure, lack of technical capacity, and poor financing. The government has devised among others private takeover of some public services by profit maximising companies which in turn alienates the poor from accessing them. Therefore this desk review suggests the way forward towards a sustainable public water and waste management.

This piece of work is discusses the systems of remuneration of judges and promotion possibilities as well as rewarding efficient and independent decisions in Uganda. The research finds that whereas these three form part and parcel of the core of an independent judiciary, and whereas there are adequate legal provisions, the enforceability is lacking due to the fact that there are high levels of interference by the executive in the function of the judiciary. The remuneration, reward of an efficient judge are largely dependent on paying allegiance to the executive and deciding cases in appeasement of the executive. Yet, the remuneration, promotion and reward are supposed to be on merit. They should also be established by law and not subject to arbitrary interference from the executive. This study has revealed how the executive has substantial impact on remuneration, promotion and reward of efficient judges. Judges that decide cases according to the law irrespective of the interests of the executive are sidelined in the promotions, remunerations and reward. The study makes relevant conclusions and recommendations. “The remuneration of the judges is not sufficient to induce the ablest lawyers in the prime of life to accept judicial office. If that state of affairs is allowed to continue it must have serious effect upon the administration of the law. It will impair those intellectual standards which have made our English legal system a great legal system; it will tend to impair that law abiding instinct which is the condition precedent for the maintenance of a high standard of civilization, and it will weaken the chief remaining guarantee for the prosecution of the liberties of that subject.”1 With reflection on the above statement on remuneration, this piece of work discusses remuneration systems and promotion possibilities and how to reward efficient and independent judges from the Ugandan perspective.

This paper discusses the particle -o in Rukiga (Bantu JE14, Uganda), aiming to establish its origin and function. At first sight, the particle appears to be an independent pronoun agreeing in noun class, reported in previous studies as an emphatic pronoun. Based on an extensive analysis of the particle, we argue that, through grammaticalisation, it has developed from a medial demonstrative via the independent pronoun to become a contrastive topic marker. This analysis is supported by various topic and focus tests carried out, which indicate that it combines with topics and is incompatible with focalised referents. We discovered that the particle is also used in exclamative/mirative contexts, expressing (a degree of) unexpectedness and surprise. Our findings indicate that independent morphological topic markers are present in East African languages just as they are in the more analytical West-African languages, and that exclamatives and miratives, which are extremely understudied in Bantu languages, may be associated with the morphological particle -o.

The Bantu language Rukiga (JE14, Uganda) shows tonal reduction on the verb in a subset of tenses, similar to the conjoint/disjoint alternation in Haya. Whereas in other languages the conjoint/disjoint alternation is usually marked by segmental morphology in at least one tense, Rukiga is unique in showing only tonal reduction. Nevertheless, our analysis shows that tonal reduction in Rukiga is not merely a phonological rule, but it encodes the conjoint/disjoint alternation. Furthermore, we show that tonal reduction in Rukiga is determined by constituent-finality, and there is no direct relation to focus

This piece of academic work analyses investigative collaboration as an a viable resolution in conducting investigation into cases of complex nature that a single government institution cannot investigate on its own; pooling resources into investigating a case of a great national interest; restoring public trust in investigative institutions so that individuals do not take the law into their hands in stances where the public feels that the state has failed to protect them from criminals, as well as uncovering, preserving, and collecting evidence on first hand criminal cases. Further, the paper defines the concept of investigation, cites examples of investigative institutions in Uganda and their roles, explains tools used in collaborative investigation and points out instances of collaborative. Also, the paper discusses the challenges of collaborative investigation and reference is made to current issues in criminal. Last but not least, the paper draws relevant conclusions and makes recommendations.

INTRODUCTION: women in fishing communities in Uganda are more at risk and have higher rates of HIV infection. Socio-cultural gender norms, limited access to health information and services, economic disempowerment, sexual abuse and their biological susceptibility make women more at risk of infection. There is need to design interventions that cater for women's vulnerability. We explore factors affecting recruitment and retention of women from fishing communities in HIV prevention research. METHODS: an HIV incidence cohort screened 2074 volunteers (1057 men and 1017 women) aged 13-49 years from 5 fishing communities along Lake Victoria using demographic, medical history, risk behaviour assessment questionnaires.1000 HIV negative high risk volunteers were enrolled and followed every 6 months for 18 months. Factors associated with completion of study visits among women were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: women constituted 1,017(49%) of those screened, and 449(45%) of those enrolled with a median (IQR) age of 27 (22-33) years. Main reasons for non-enrolment were HIV infection (33.9%) and reported low risk behaviour (37.5%). A total of 382 (74%) women and 332 (69%) men completed all follow up visits. Older women (=24 yrs) and those unemployed, who had lived in the community for 5 years or more, were more likely to complete all study visits. CONCLUSION: women had better retention rates than men at 18 months. Strategies for recruiting and retaining younger women and those who have stayed for less than 5 years need to be developed for improved retention of women in fishing communities in HIV prevention and research Programs.

INTRODUCTION: Mortality from trauma still remains a major challenge despite recent substantial improvements in acute trauma care. In trauma care patient resuscitation to correct hypotension from volume loss still majorly relies on use of physiological parameters such as blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate, urine output, Glasgow coma scale and oxygen saturation in resource limited settings. In such settings, these methods may not be sufficient to detect occult tissue hypoxia, due to undetected hypotension and accompanying metabolic derangements.

INTRODUCTION: Delay in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is common in many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Timely diagnosis of active tuberculosis is crucial in minimizing morbidity and mortality in the community as well as nosocomial transmission in health care facilities. This study aimed at determining factors associated with health service delay in the diagnosis and initiation of treatment among new PTB patients presenting to the National Referral Hospital-Mulago. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study among eligible new PTB patients presenting at the National referral TB treatment center Mulago hospital, between March to May 2009. The patients were consecutively recruited and interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire to assess socio- demographic and health service factors. Multivariate logistic regression using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals was done. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixty six newly diagnosed PTB patients were enrolled, of which 65.4% experienced health systems delay. The median health service delay was 9days (IQR=8-19). Factors associated with health service delay were: 1n-patient (OR= 4.68, 95% CI: 1.91-11.45), secondary as highest level of education attained (OR= 3.56, 95% CI: 1.18-10.74), primary as highest level of education attained (OR= 6.70, 95% CI: 2.13-21.02), presence of fever (OR= 3.28, 95% CI: 1.05-10.79), and patient delay at health facility (OR= 5.01, 95% CI: 1.33-18.9). CONCLUSION: The study found a significant proportion of Health service delay among pulmonary tuberculosis patients presenting at the referral hospital. Being an in-patient and having fever as a symptom of tuberculosis needs further attention in order to have timely diagnosis. There is need for awareness on TB especially that most of the TB symptoms present like other febrile illnesses such as malaria and needs consideration when patients present to a health facility.