Search

Copyright of Psycho-Oncologie is the property of Tech Science Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the context of the Candomblé cult of Bahia, a system of personal prescriptions and avoidances is connected with some extra-human intentionality. Actually, the relation of extra-humans with the initiate could be expressed through sensations or physical negative reactions (sensibilities). Generally, an orixá (deity) or an odu (sign of destiny) are at the origin of his negative reactions (disgust feeling, alimentary intolerance or allergy), which could arise as a ritual interdiction. An implicit conceptualization of these taboos (quizilas) as an embodied consequence of an extra-human aversion or antagonism emerges, from which we can analyze the weight of this kind of "emotional" agencies in the ritual construction of the new identity of the Candomblé's initiate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In 1933, two domestics, Christine and Léa Papin murdered their employers on the mode of the fury. In this article, psychodynamics of work and its thesis of work''s centrality in the psyche is the theoretical frame. The author shows that the relationship''s sisters Papin with their work and domestic technologies was not considered by the psychiatrists, either at the time of their lawsuit in 1933, or in the later exegeses of Lacan and Guillant. Beyond their differences, these two authors have in common to take into account only – real or imaginary – relations, the work constituting the dead angle of their psychogenetic and sociogenetic interpretations. My sister was irritated by the break down of her iron, says nevertheless Léa Papin. A motive, which was considered too pointless for arrest the attention. To take it into account would have meant privileging the attention on the common details and on the form of life of the two young maids, rather than to focus on the extraordinary aspects of their crime. If concerning them, it is today too late to take this way, at least the avoidance of the work can have value of education concerning the actual situations. What attention, what importance do we grant to the words on the work and to its function in the escalation or the resolution of the psychic conflicts? [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Revue Anthropologie et Sociétés is the property of Anthropologie et Societies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: The current designs of trauma associate a symptomatology with specific characteristics of an event. Symptomatology is characterized by a syndrome of repetition regarded as pathognomonic. It consists of a reviviscence of the traumatic experiment in the form of flashback, nightmares, lived “as if” in an intrusive way in psychism of the subject. Current research showed that there exist a dissociative experience made up of depersonalization or derealisation whose, presence at the time of the experience, could predict the gravity of the trauma. This peri-traumatic dissociation is brought closer to dissociation such as defined Janet and which consists of a psychic disintegration. This one comprises a reduction of the field of the conscience and a difficulty of synthesis due to an emotional upheaval. Currently, work of Frijda (1985) around the function of the emotions and their consideration in terms of motivation can help us to give to dissociation a specific direction. This one would not be then related any more to disintegration, but would approach a radical psychic avoidance. This avoidance would be the characteristic of a specific emotion, the fright, whose tendency would be a dissociative motivation. This hypothesis rests on the distinction of the psychic trauma of another trauma such as it appears in hysteria and that Janet considered without distinction. The trauma would result then in to fix the images and the feelings associated with experience. The repetition would appear by the reappearance of this fixing when the state of consciousness of the individual changes. We see how the concept of dissociation at Janet enables us, by his complexity, to consider in a new light the question of the trauma and its demonstrations. It implies that the psychopathological demonstrations are studied in any rigor beyond the a priori which too often lead us to create an ad hoc mechanism to explain a phenomenon. The reference to work of Janet within the framework of current research opens new prospects of research around a definition of the trauma, place of peri-traumatic dissociation and post-traumatic dissociation, emotions and repetition. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Chronic pain is a true disease with neuromuscular and psychosocial features. It affects the individual as a whole. The consultation should not be limited to a physical approach and the clinician should not shelter behind useless investigations. It is necessary to listen to the patient, to seek elements of catastrophism and hypervigilance, to unmask a strategy of avoidance, and to evaluate the socioprofessional context. Psychosocial factors are the determinant ones in chronicisation of the pain and therefore are the ones that have to be addressed in the process of treatment and professional reintegration. The place of surgery is limited to the treatment of a trigger point (starting factor) and only when it is actually causing real symptoms and when surgical treatment will lead to regression of all the symptoms. On the whole though, the signs are never localised and we find a diffuse hypersensitivity with secondary dysfunction of the whole upper limb, functional exclusion, features of deconditioning, and all in an unfavourable psychosocial context. Thus, the assessment must be multidisciplinary and ideally the treatment should be managed in a centre of rehabilitation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objectives: Evaluation of the symptoms of parental post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), according to the severity of the prematurity, in mothers and fathers of premature babies. Materials and methods: According to the Perinatal Risk Inventory (PERI), the parents of premature infants (gestational age less than 34 weeks) were divided into two groups, parents of a low-risk premature infants (n =16) and of high-risk premature infants (n =26). The symptoms of intrusion and avoidance, as a part of the post-traumatic stress disorder, were evaluated by an autoadministrated questionnaire, the Impact of Event Scale (IES). Their responses were compared with a control group of parents of full-term infants (n =24). The differences in the answers of mothers and fathers were analysed. Results: The occurrence of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder is increased in parents of preterm infants compared with the control group. Whereas mothers of premature infants are at risk of presenting symptoms of PTSD, linked to the prematurity, with fathers the infant perinatal risk factors play a greater role. The symptoms of intrusion are present in mothers and fathers of preterm infants of both groups. Mothers of both groups present avoidance symptoms, although only fathers of high-risk preterm infants present them. Conclusions: Premature birth has an impact on both parents in terms of post-traumatic stress reactions. However, mothers and fathers react in different ways according to the severity of the prematurity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]