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In the present study an ELISA assay was developed and validated for detection and determination of the concentration of snakes venom in biological samples. Individual component of each venom (Cerastes cerastes and Macrovipera mauretanica) used as immunogen to raise specific rabbit IgGs in order to set up a sandwich-type ELISA. Lower detection limit, linearity, accuracy, precision, reproducibility, and reference intervals were determined. The method proved to be simple, specific, reproducible, sensitive (detection limit = 0.5 ng/ml) and the calibration plot was based on linear regression analysis (r = 0.980) between 0.9 and 1000 ng/mL of venom concentration, with a lower limit of quantification of 1.58 ng/mL. The intra- and interassay coefficient of variation ranged from 2,02 to 4.62% and 5.29 to 7.40%, respectively. The specificity of the assay was tested using vipers, cobra and scorpion venom. This method detected venom from all viper species tested without significant cross reactivity with other venoms in the concentration range of 0.9–1000 ng/mL. This ELISA described is sufficiently validated for clinical evaluation. The method is adaptable to other venoms. This is potentially useful for clinical diagnosis of snakebite, to monitor antivenom dose, and consequently to improve the national health monitoring systems.

In order to assess the quality of Albendazole tablets (Alb) sampled in three countries from West Africa, several physical and chemical tests were performed on tablets at normal conditions. A simple and economic HPLC method has been developed, validated and used for the simultaneous determination of Albendazole (Alb) content, as well as its impurities and the uniformity of its content. The stability-indicating HPLC method was performed on a Symmetry C18-5µm 250 mm × 4.6 mm column with a gradient elution using a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and sodium acetate buffer. The flow rate was set at 1 mL.min−1 and the eluent was monitored at 295nm. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness and detection and quantification limits, in accordance with International Conference on Harmonisation Quality 2 (ICH Q2) guidelines. This method was performed on different Alb samples (originals and generics) products collected from Senegal, Niger and Mali. The obtained results showed that, the contents of the generic tablets from Niger and Mali comply with the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) monograph acceptance criteria. However, more than 20% of the generic tablets don’t meet the USP monograph impurity limits. In conclusion, the described analytical method is simple, sensitive and accurate. Thus, it could be useful for manufacturing and quality control assays.

On the level of this article, we deal with nuclear radiation (and their residues), which is defined as a physical phenomenon and strong atomic activity that occurs in unstable atoms of elements. We are interested in studying radiation as the emission or diffusion of energy into space in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles. The scientist Fermi (1934 AD) is among the first to present scientific research in this field. Radioisotopes are considered one of the most prominent discoveries of modern science and based on the importance of the topic, scientists and researchers searched for methods and techniques to facilitate the implementation of practical applications for radiation measurement, and among those methods a specialized program was used to simulate radiation dose (digital simulation in a computer through the use of an imaginary model of the radiometric process with technology Monte Carlo using code (Geant 4). We have also highlighted the views of researchers and specialists in the area of disposal of radioactive waste, relying on a field study and a comparison of some of the currently adopted techniques to get rid of the negative consequences that each unreasonable (reckless) management and measure of this radioactive waste may have Among the most prominent results we have reached is highlighting the weakness of dealing with this topic and not giving it the right to research and scientific achievements carried out by researchers, which increases the complexity of the situation and from which it is difficult to control the problem in the future.