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Government provision of shelter for Calais’ migrant population over the last twenty years has prioritised the assertion of state authority over the alleviation of human suffering. Policies in 2015-16, which involved the destruction of informal shelter and the provision of basic alternative accommodation, continued this trend.

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This paper analyzes recent changes in the policies and practices through which displaced populations are governed by humanitarian and state actors. In particular, we examine how the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) is increasingly operationalizing its protection mandate by linking the more longstanding logic of self-reliance with the newer idea of resilience, itself composed of both micro (individual) and macro (societal and particularly urban) strands. Using Uganda as a site of analysis, we suggest that the linking of the more entrenched concept of self-reliance with resilience is another step forward in the entwining of UNHCR’s traditional humanitarian mandate with the developmental goals promoted by other global aid organizations. Resilience emerges in this context as a policy ideal that brings together disparate strands of operational aspirations into one multifaceted objective to govern refugees both within and beyond the camp/settlement structure. El artículo analiza los cambios recientes en políticas y prácticas según las cuales poblaciones desplazadas quedan bajo el gobierno de actores humanitarios y estatales. Concretamente, examinamos cómo la Agencia de la ONU para los Refugiados (ACNUR) está llevando a la práctica su mandato de protección al vincular la lógica tradicional de la autosuficiencia con la idea más nueva de resiliencia, compuesta por ejes micro (individuo) y macro (sociedad y, especialmente, lo urbano). Utilizando el caso de Uganda, damos a entender que el vínculo del concepto más arraigado de autosuficiencia con el de resiliencia es un paso adelante en la combinación del mandato humanitario de ACNUR con los objetivos de desarrollo promovidos por otras organizaciones de ayuda globales. La resiliencia surge, en este contexto, como un ideal político que congrega varias corrientes de aspiraciones operativas en un único objetivo polifacético de gobernar a los refugiados tanto dentro como más allá de la estructura del campo o asentamiento. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1050

Mindfulness is gaining increased attention as a means of increasing physical activity (PA) participation. Given that only 15.4% of adult Canadians currently meet the Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines (Colley et al., 2011), it is imperative to find ways to increase PA among adults. One way to do this is to promote self-regulation skills as self-regulation is among the top predictors of PA participation (Teixeira et al., 2015). The purpose of this narrative review was to further understand the role of self-regulation as a potential mechanism by which mindfulness may be related to PA participation. Initially, 160 papers were identified by title for this review. After reading abstracts, 37 papers were identified as possibly relating to the topic of interest. Following full readings, 26 papers were included in the final review. Likely due to the novelty of this topic, there is limited research on the mechanisms by which mindfulness may be related to physical activity. Review of the literature suggests that self-regulation appears to be a promising mechanism by which mindfulness could improve physical activity participation (Shapiro et al., 2006; Samdal et al., 2017), as self-regulation has been shown to play an important role in behaviour change, however, other alternative mechanisms include improved self-efficacy, as well as improved satisfaction (Neace et al., 2020; Tsafou et al., 2016). The authors conclude that more research on the mechanisms of mindfulness on PA, specifically self-regulation as a mechanism, could foster more knowledgeable intervention practices, and consequently improve mindfulness-based interventions efficacy.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of the lipido-sterolic extract of Serenoa repens, Permixon, to that of the a-blocker, tamsulosin, in the treatment of severe low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)., Methods: In a 12-month, double-blind, randomized study that showed equivalent efficacy of Permixon 320 mg/day and tamsulosin 0.4 mg/day ("PERMAL study"), 685 BPH patients with IPSS > 10 had been analyzed for efficacy. Of these, the 124 patients with severe LUTS (IPSS > 19) at randomization were retained for this subset analysis. After a 4-week run-in period, 59 and 65 patients had been randomized to tamsulosin and Permixon groups, respectively. Both treatment groups were compared regarding the evolution from baseline of total IPSS and its irritative and obstructive subscores. LUTS-related QpL, prostate volume, Qmax and MSF-4 (sexual activity questionnaire) at different time points over 1 year An analysis of variance of changes from baseline to end point was performed for all the parameters. The over-time evolutions of total, irritative and obstructive IPSS were further compared using a variance analysis for repeated measurements., Results: At 12 months, total IPSS decreased by 7.8 with Permixon and 5.8 with tamsulosin (p = 0.051); the irritative symptoms improved significantly more (p = 0.049) with Permixon (- 2.9 versus - 1.9 with tamsulosin). The superiority of Permixon in reducing irritative symptoms appeared as soon as month 3 and was maintained up to month 12 (p = 0.03)., Conclusion: Permixon 320 mg/day was shown to be slightly superior to tamsulosin 0.4 mg/day in reducing LUTS in severe BPH patients after 3 months and up to 12 months of treatment.

Objectives: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), which are often caused by benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), and sexual dysfunction are common in older men, with an overall prevalence of > 50% in men aged > 50 years. Men with LUTS have been reported to experience sexual dysfunction, including ejaculatory loss, painful ejaculation, and erectile dysfunction. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between LUTS and sexual problems in aging men., Methods: A large-scale, multinational survey was conducted in the US and six European countries to systematically investigate the relationship between LUTS and sexual dysfunction in older men. Detailed questionnaires were mailed to a national representative sample of men aged 50 to 80 years in each country. Selection was made on the basis of age, occupation, geographie region, and population density. LUTS and sexual function were assessed by validated symptom scales, including the International Prostate Symptom Score, the Danish Prostatic Symptom Score, and the International Index of Erectile Function. Subjects also completed a health and demographics questionnaire., Results: A total of 34,800 surveys were mailed out, 14,254 were completed and returned, and 12,815 were deemed evaluable and included in the analysis. Results were consistent from one country to another. Although 90% of the men had LUTS, only 19% had sought medical help for urinary problems and only 11% were medically treated. Sexual activity was reported by 83% of the sample, with 71% reporting at least one episode of sexual activity during the previous 4 weeks. Sexual disorders and their bothersomeness were strongly related to both age and severity of LUTS. The relationship between sexual problems and LUTS is independent of comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiac disease, and hypercholesterolemeia., Conclusions: Sexual activity is common in a majority of men over age 50 and is an important component of overall quality of life. The presence and severity of LUTS are independent risk factors for sexual dysfunction in older men. These results highlight the clinical importance of evaluating LUTS in patients with sexual dysfunction, and the need to consider sexual issues in the management of patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy.

Objective: While the lipidosterolic extract (LSESr) of Serenoa repens--Permixon--has been shown to have an equivalent efficacy to finasteride in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), to date, there has been no valid comparison of phytotherapy with alpha-blockers. The aim of this study was to assess the equivalent efficacy of Permixon and tamsulosin., Methods: Eight hundred and eleven men with symptomatic BPH (international prostdate symptom score, I-PSS > or = 10) were recruited in 11 European countries for a 12-month, double-blind randomized trial. After a 4-week run-in period, 704 patients were randomly assigned to either tamsulosin 0.4 mg per day (N = 354) or Permixon 320 mg per day (N = 350). I-PSS, QoL and maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) were evaluated at baseline and periodically for 1 year. Prostate volume and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were measured at selection and at endpoint. The endpoint analysis was performed on the per-protocol (PP) population of 542 patients (tamsulosin: N = 273; Permixon: N = 269)., Results: At 12 months, I-PSS decreased by 4.4 in each group and no differences were observed in either irritative or obstructive symptom improvements. The increase in Qmax was similar in both treatment groups (1.8 ml/s Permixon, 1.9 ml/s tamsulosin). PSA remained stable while prostate volume decreased slightly in the Permixon-treated patients. The two compounds were well tolerated, however, ejaculation disorders occurred more frequently in the tamsulosin group., Conclusion: This study demonstrated that Permiwon and tamsulosin are equivalent in the medical treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with BPH, during and up to 12 months of therapy.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and urinary incontinence among men and women aged 40 to 79 years., Methods: A postal survey was carried out in a community-dwelling random sample, in Auxerre, France. LUTS were assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Urinary incontinence (UI) was assessed using a score based upon four questions., Results: 1216 men and 591 women participated in the survey. 19.2% of men and 13.7% of women reported moderate to severe LUTS (IPSS > 7). 73% of men and 29% of women suffered from UI. Among men and women reporting severe symptoms of UI (0.4 and 5.4% respectively), one third had been prescribed medications for urinary disorders within the previous six months., Conclusion: This survey confirms the high prevalence of LUTS and urinary incontinence among a community-dwelling sample of men and women, and highlights the need for management of these disorders.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of nocturia among men and women aged 40 to 79 years old., Material and Methods: A postal survey was carried out in a community-dwelling random sample in Auxerre, France. Nocturia was assessed using the item 7 of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS)., Results: 1216 men and 591 women participated in the survey. Average nocturnal urinary frequency was 0.98 and 0.95 among men and women, respectively. Between the age ranges 40-49 years and 70-79 years, the frequency increased from 0.70 to 1.61 among men, and from 0.72 to 1.31 among women. In the age range 70-79 years, 48.1% of men and 31% of women awakened from sleep to urinate at least twice per night., Conclusion: Patients and primary care physicians should be more informed about screening and management options, and impact of nocturia on quality of life and related morbidity.

There is currently a large breast cancer chemoprevention trial in Italy. The trial is based on the use of the antioestrogen tamoxifen, which is one of the most successful and most studied anticancer drugs. There is a strong evidence that this drug can prevent the growing of controlateral cancer in women previously operated for breast cancer. The chemoprevention trial using tamoxifen includes healthy women, aged 35 to 70 and hysterectomised. The participants are taking either 20 mg/day of tamoxifen or placebo for 5 years, in double blind; then they are followed-up clinically and instrumentally every 6 months for the further 5 years. The main end-point of the study is to verify the reduction of incidence and mortality from breast cancer. It was decided to recruit only hysterectomised women on the consideration that, according to some studies, tamoxifen could give an additional risk of endometrial cancer: the Italian study was especially designed with the intention of avoiding this unjustified risk.

The International Prostate Symptom Score, which was proposed during the First Consultation on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in June 1991, was culturally adapted and linguistically validated in French. In a first step, the English version, adapted from the questionnaire developed by the American Urological Association, was translated into French. In a second step, the French version was submitted to a multidisciplinary group who made linguistic improvements. In a third step, the refined version was tested in 30 persons and amended. Finally, the questionnaire was submitted to a linguistic validation study in a representative sample of 100 men aged 65 to 80. The use of this index will allow standardized measurements of urinary symptoms status in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

During five consecutive administrative periods, a computer data bank was set up from informations written on laboratory forms requesting tests in microbiology. A total of 13,260 forms were received and 11,591 were included in our study. 7,010 tests (60%) were requested from medical specialties; 40% of these tests were from patients admitted on hematology and on pediatrics wards. Of the 4,581 remaining tests, 36% were ordered for patients admitted on general surgery and on ophthalmology wards. Medical patients had three times as much blood cultures requested than surgical patients. The numbers of urine cultures done for medical and surgical patients were however similar (1,832 and 1,699 respectively). The average cost for microbiology cultures was twice as much in medical than in surgical patients. Such analysis of prescribing profile for laboratory tests provides useful information for the diagnosis related groups (DRG) system and can allow for a more efficient distribution of hospital resources.