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Dealing with threats and real risks to cybersecurity that are produced by cybercrime necessarily imposes the construction of a strategic approach at the national and cross-national levels. Despite the fact that Kosovo has built strategies for dealing with cybersecurity, there is still no accurate data regarding the ability of institutional mechanisms to respond in a proportional and effective manner to cybersecurity threats posed by cybercrime. This paper highlights the strategic treatment of cybersecurity and cybercrime, namely the strategic objectives and activities for their fulfillment, as well as critically analyzing the legal rules that are applied in the context of preventing and fighting cybercrime, focusing on the role, responsibilities, and functions of law enforcement agencies for preventing and fighting cybercrime. This paper also analyzes the strategic objectives and the action plan envisaged by the National Cybersecurity Strategy 2023-2027, which for the first time gives special importance to the inclusion of the private sector in the national network to protect against cyber attacks. The importance of the standards of the Budapest Convention is also addressed, and an assessment is made regarding the extent of the inclusion of these standards by the state of Kosovo.

Victims of terrorism can be considered a special category within the broader and more general group of “victims of crime”. In recent decades, there has been an international trend to develop more specific treatment, both in legal and practical terms, to address their particular needs in unfortunate times of intensification and sophistication of terrorist attacks, with a correlative increase in the harmful consequences for an increasing number of victims of terrorism. At the international level, one such instrument is the Madrid Memorandum, which contains relevant guidelines that serve as a reference for States, who can draw inspiration from them when designing their national standards of protection and support for victims of terrorism. This paper aims to critically analyze the legal framework applicable in Kosovo on the issue of protection and support of victims of terrorism from the pre-trial phase, through criminal proceedings, and after the completion of criminal proceedings, with special emphasis aiming to analyze the compliance of these rules with standards of the Madrid Memorandum. The paper identifies three areas in which the applicable legal framework for the protection and support of victims of terrorism in criminal proceedings needs to be harmonised with the Madrid Memorandum’s standards.