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The ever-changing character of conflicts has blurred the line between peace and war and added hybrid dimensions to the conflicts. Hybrid threats have become a concept that deeply affects conflict and security studies, as well as pointing to the character of today’s conflicts. When the term “lawfare” is used within the scope of hybrid threats, it refers to much more than just legal claims. However, it continues to exist as a subject that is not fully conceptualized and understood as there is not enough work on this subject. This study, first, discusses the theoretical background of hybrid threats and lawfare and then introduces the typological features of lawfare, which will contribute to a better understanding and conceptualization of the subject. In this regard, 20 independent cases in which law has been used as a tool of conflict are analysed in terms of actor, law type and hybridity, and then based on the similarities and differences between hybrid threats and non-hybrid threats cases, a typology has been worked out with a view to the better conceptualization of the subject.

Three decades of close relations in the Turkic world have brought about several platforms of cooperation built on a common cultural basis. As the last in the series, the Organization of Turkic States bears the hallmark of a full-fledged international organization of the whole Turkic world with a strong vision for the next two decades. This study examines the dynamics of the organization, which is expected to become a significant international actor in Eurasia, owing to the increasing synergy among the Turkic States. In this regard, the study aims to analyse the implications of the emergence of the Organization of Turkic States as an international actor for the regional balance of power in Eurasia. To this end, the SWOT analysis method is used to specify the organization’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, which lead to general implications. The Organization of Turkic States is sure to be a power to be reckoned with among superpowers having interests in the Eurasia region in the long term.

This paper discusses the concept of interactive gestures in instructional contexts whose interactional specificity lends itself to the study of these gestures which typically contribute to the process of meaning-making and interpersonal relationship. Our empirically grounded account is based upon the analysis of video recorded classroom interactions of French as a foreign language in Turkey and French as a second language in France. The results show that the majority of the teaching gestures had interactive functions and that a degree of topicality/interactivity may be considered for some gestures; therefore, a clear categorical distinction may not be possible in some situations. Furthermore, the specificity of classroom interactions leads us to consider some gestures that are not directed towards the addressee as also interactive.

En didactique des langues étrangères, les enseignants recourent à une variété de moyens pédagogiques parmi lesquels se trouvent les gestes manuels dits emblématiques utilisés le plus souvent pour gérer les activités et les interactions ou pour évaluer la performance des apprenants. Au sein de cette étude, tout en partant des données recueillies dans une approche ethnographique par l’intermédiaire des enregistrements vidéo de trois enseignantes assurant des cours de français langue étrangère aux turcophones de niveau A1 dans un établissement secondaire et privé en Turquie, nous nous proposons d’examiner l’usage de cette dimension gestuelle dans le milieu spontané du contexte de classe.