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The effects of different material assignment methods on femur biomechanical finite element analysis were explored, which provided guidance for material assignment in the study. According to different material assignment methods, the study was divided into the control group and experimental groups, the femur of the control group was assigned to 180 kinds of materials depend on the greyvalue, and the material assignment method of experimental group including the femur that assigned to 120, 60 and 10 kinds of materials depend on the greyvalue, the simplified femur model that assigned to two materials and the femur model that assigned to one material. Six groups different femoral finite element models was axial loaded and solved, and attain maximum equivalent stress of each group. The results showed that the experimental results of the material assignment schemes in the experimental group that including the femur that assigned to 120, 60 and 10 kinds of materials, and the simplified femur that assigned to two kinds of materials were consistent with the control group, while the experimental results of the femur that assigned to one material has obvious different with the control group. The analysis results show that when carries on femoral biomechanics finite element analysis, the femur evenly assigned to 10 kinds of materials depend on the greyvalue or simplified femoral model that assigned to two kinds of materials can be used, which can ensure the effectiveness and simplicity of the femoral material assignment.