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Überprüfte Sammlungsexemplare und aktuelle Funde des besonders selten gefundenen und nur äusserst lokal vorkommenden Adosomus roridus aus der Schweiz führten zur Entdeckung von Eiern, Larven und Puppen in einer neuen Wirtspflanze Artemisia absinthium L. in der subalpinen Felsensteppe in Zermatt. Fotos der Habitate, der Pflanze und der Präimaginalstadien werden gezeigt und die Funde werden vorgestellt und diskutiert.

Deciphering the structural intricacies of catalysts is essential to advance their atomic-scale engineering. Solid catalysts are complex, with structural features spanning multiple length scales and involving dynamics, which possess challenges in understanding structure-performance relationships. However, advanced operando X-ray characterization techniques, including X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), diffraction (XRD), and pair distribution function analysis (PDF) allow elucidation of structural features under working conditions, discovering transitions from supported nanocrystals to dispersed sites, from solid solutions to supported nanoparticles, or structural changes at the local level. In this mini-review, we discuss case studies exploring the structure of catalysts over different lengths and time scales under different applications, such as CO2 hydrogenation to methanol or the dry reforming of methane, using a combination of operando XAS, XRD and PDF.

Anlässlich einer Exkursion in die Gebirgszüge im Norden Portugals konnten Imagines und Larven der wenig bekannten Donus-Art vom Doldenblütigen Heidekraut (Erica umbellata L.) auf submontaner Lage gesammelt werden. Bisher waren Heidekrautgewächse (Ericaceae) als Wirtspflanzen für Hyperinae gänzlich unbekannt. Eine durchgeführte Zucht bestätigte diese Wirtspflanzenbindung. Die nomenklatorische Änderung Donus proximus (Capiomont, 1876), comb. nov. von Brachypera wird eingeführt, Imago, Larve und der Kokon werden vorgestellt, und das Habitat wird charakterisiert.

The fourth species of Anchonidium sensu stricto from Western Europe is described, photographed and compared with its congeners; an updated key of the genus is given. The habitat in the northern mountain chains in Portugal in the native Quercus mountain forests is characterized and illustrated.

The species of the subgenus Stichoptera occurring in Switzerland are revised, based on a combination of literature data, old museum specimens and recent material. Four species, one with two subspecies, Chrysolina kuesteri (Helliesen, 1912), Ch. latecincta latecincta (Demaison, 1896), Ch. latecincta norica (Holdhaus, 1914), Ch. rossia (Illiger, 1802) and Ch. sanguinolenta (Linnaeus, 1758) are confirmed to occur in Switzerland, while Ch. gypsophilae (Küster, 1845) has to be excluded from the Swiss fauna due to insufficient evidence. Errors and unclarities in the older literature are discussed. Ch. kuesteri was found abundantly in central Valais, allowing some notes on its larval biology. Larvae of the alpine Ch. latecincta are also illustrated, along with notes on its habitat and some past and present distribution records. Illustrations for all Swiss members of the subgenus, as well as distribution maps with all confirmed records, are provided.

Während einer Saison im Jahr 2020 wurden in den östlichen Zentralalpen der Schweiz im Gebiet Sur, Alp Flix, bodenlebende Makroarthropoden mittels Barberfallen erfasst. Hauptziel war es, entlang eines ausgewählten Höhentransekts von 2100 bis 2500 m ü. M. die vorhandene Biodiversität zu erfassen. Entlang des Bergbaches Ava dallas Tigias wurden von Juni – November 2020 an sieben Standorten je drei Barberfallen aufgestellt und durchgehend betrieben. Vorliegend werden die Carabidae vorgestellt. Durch Berechnungen von Ähnlichkeitindices wurden deren Habitate innerhalb des untersuchten Höhentransekts abgegrenzt. Es konnten 393 Laufkäferindividuen aus 21 Arten erfasst und bestimmt werden. Sieben Arten wurden erstmals für die Alp Flix nachgewiesen. Davon sind die seltene Amara nigricornis und Leistus montanus rhaeticus besonders hervorzuheben. Aus den Berechnungen konnten drei Habitate der Laufkäfer im Transekt unterschieden werden: subalpines Grünerlengebüsch mit halbschattiger und mäßig feucht-frischer Ausprägung; alpines Habitat mit starker Krautschicht und frischer bis trockener Ausprägung und ein kurzrasiger hochalpiner Lebensraum mit xerothermer Ausprägung.

Austenitic manganese steel is a commonly used material for railway turnout frogs due to its beneficial mechanical properties. In service, surface defects caused by rolling contact fatigue (RCF) can occur and need to be detected and assessed during maintenance intervals. In this work inductive scanning pulse phase thermography is used to localize these surface defects. During scanning the surface of the frog is heated (∆T

review on: Thomas Kleinlein, Christoph Ohler (Hg.), Weimar international. Kontext und Rezeption der Verfassung von 1919, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck 2020, VIII + 269 S., ISBN 978-3-16-158877-8

Editorial

Catherine Meurisse’ Text-Bild-Erzählungen eröffnen intermediale Reflexions­räume, in denen die spezifische Erzählweise des Comics in der Auseinandersetzung mit prominenten Werken der Kunstgeschichte befragt wird. Intermediale Gemälde­zitate werden in die bande dessinée integriert, um sie erzählerisch wie auch visuell zu öffnen, zum Sprechen zu bringen und in Bewegung zu versetzen. Dabei greift Meurisse auf das Mittel der intermedialen Metalepse zurück, um aus Bildern Schwellen zu machen, durch die ihre Figuren von einer Realitätsordnung in eine andere schreiten können. Der statische Charakter der referenzierten Gemälde wird in der narrativen Dynamik neuer, häufig ironisch gebrochener Bildfolgen aufgelöst. Durch ihre Transposition in den dynamischen Kontext der Text-Bild-Erzählung erhalten Gemälde ein geradezu fantastisches Eigenleben, das sie von der Begren­zung des Bildrahmens befreit und aus ihnen ‚eigensinnige‘ Bilder macht, die die Autorität des kunsthistorischen Kanons gezielt unterlaufen und zugleich auch das besondere künstlerische Potenzial der Text-Bild-Erzählung im Sinne eines neuvième art herausstellen.

Paralelamente al desarrollo de la escritura, también se desarrollaron formas artísticas de combinar texto y elementos visuales. En la llamada poesía visual se combinan formas actuales de escritura y lenguajes visuales. Con la aparición de la poesía concreta como forma especial de poesía visual a mediados del siglo XX, tanto en los países de habla alemana como en Brasil, así como con el desarrollo del Pop Art y el Fluxus, la poesía visual se acercó cada vez más a las formas específicas de expresión de la historieta. El grupo de poetas brasileños poema/proceso, que también influyó en la poesía visual de Argentina y otros países latinoamericanos, fue especialmente activo en este proceso. A partir del análisis de las obras expuestas en la Bienal Internacional de Poesía Visual/Experimental entre 1985 y 2009 y publicadas en un libro ilustrado en 2017, se pone de manifiesto la estrecha relación entre poesía visual e historieta desde los años ochenta. En la poesía visual de los poetas y artistas latinoamericanos analizados hay numerosos ejemplos en los que han adoptado conceptos, elementos estructurales y formas de expresión de la historieta y los han implementado artísticamente en sus obras.

¿Qué posibilidades de ascenso tenía alguien de clase baja en el Siglo de Oro? ¿Qué papel desempeñan la nobleza, el ejército, las artes mechanicae y el trabajo agrícola, el alma y el cuerpo? ¿Qué ejemplos ofrecen la antigua Roma, Juan Benito Guardiola, Francisco Miranda Villafant y Baltasar Gracián? En este contexto, ¿se refiere la virtud a la moralidad o a la bondad, la eficacia, el valor y la fuerza?

In this paper, we discuss our research into the effects on student writing of giving sentence-level feedback at several stages in a scaffolded assignment in a large second year science course. Our results indicate that feedback that draws on the reader’s intuitive sense for writing, rather than on their technical grammatical knowledge, was the most popular choice for TAs assessing student work, and also led to the most revisions on the students’ parts. Accordingly, we argue that focusing on this more intuitive approach might be a fruitful strategy for TA training.

We describe our work resulting in the selection of ACT-451840 ( 38 ) as a novel antimalarial drug with a novel mode of action. The compound was broadly characterized in vitro as well as in vivo in rat PK experiments as well as two different mouse malaria models. In the P. berghei infected mouse model cure could be achieved at oral doses of 300 mg/kg over 3 consecutive days. ACT-451840 was clinically investigated up to an experimental human malaria infection model, where therapeutic effects could be shown.

review on: Law and the Christian Tradition in Italy. The Legacy of the Great Jurists, hrsg. von Orazio Condorelli, Rafael Domingo (Law and Religion), London / New York: Routledge 2021, xiii, 468 p., ISBN: 978-0-367-85710-3

La transformación digital de los contenidos, los métodos de trabajo y las herramientas de la investigación plantea a las bibliotecas retos cada vez más importantes. Tienen que satisfacer las diferentes necesidades de los investigadores con información electrónica específica y nuevos servicios digitales. En el contexto de la investigación centrada en América Latina y el Caribe, la oferta de recursos de información digital puede realizarse gracias a numerosas plataformas de y sobre la región que proporcionan información en acceso abierto o de pago. Por otro lado, la gestión y la seguridad de los datos digitales de investigación es aún más complicada, ya que los productores de datos de investigación tienen que elegir entre los repositorios de las respectivas instituciones o países y los repositorios disciplinarios en el ámbito internacional. Por lo tanto, hasta ahora no existe una organización y provisión central de datos de investigación sobre América Latina y el Caribe. Por eso, es tarea de investigadores y bibliotecarios en un intercambio conjunto coordinar la oferta de información y la gestión sostenible de los datos de investigación con las necesidades específicas de los científicos y desarrollar nuevos servicios digitales. En el proceso de desarrollo de las últimas décadas cada vez es más evidente la importancia del intercambio entre investigadores y bibliotecarios, coordinando y desarrollando requisitos y servicios de información. Partiendo de las plataformas de publicación electrónica, los sistemas de información de revistas y las bibliotecas (digitales) alemanas e internacionales especializadas en América Latina y el Caribe, se presentarán diversas ofertas de información relevantes para la investigación sobre esta región y se contrastarán y discutirán estrategias y desafíos para estas ofertas.

Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are photosynthetic bacteria that can colonize different habitats, including extreme ones. They are of great interest to the scientific community, especially because of their ability to produce cyanotoxins: toxic secondary metabolites potentially harmful to organisms especially when released to surface waters.

Since its description based on a single female from the Maritime Alps in France, no other localities of this enigmatic alpine species have become public. In a scree slope in the Valais at high montane altitude Hypera temperei Hoffmann, 1958 was discovered for the first time elsewhere, in Switzerland. The species’ biology is unravelled, its habitat is described, and photographs of the male, larvae and pupa are presented. The re-investigation of the species morphology revealed that Hypera temperei is closest to H. postica (Gyllenhal, 1813), and not to H. viciae (Gyllenhal, 1813) as previously supposed. A revision of specimens in collections revealed that H. temperei is distributed even more eastern in the alpine Arc in Grisons at high montane to high alpine altitudes. Hence the species shows a considerably wider distribution in the Alps than supposed before.

Moran et al. (2021) report a multi-lab registered replication of Olson and Fazio’s (2001) surveillance task. The surveillance task is an incidental learning procedure over the course of which participants observe pairings of conditioned stimuli (CSs) and unconditioned stimuli (USs) while engaging in a distracting secondary task. Unaware evaluative conditioning (EC) effects are inferred if participants who fail to report the CS–US contingencies on a post-hoc measure show preference for the CSpos over the CSneg. Moran et al. claimed to establish such effects relying on the criteria used by Olson and Fazio to exclude contingency aware participants from analyses. Here we reexamine Moran et al.’s data using more fine-grained analytic strategies. We show that the contingency awareness measures used by Olson and Fazio and, by extension, Moran et al. lack adequate reliability and validity. Moreover, even assuming valid awareness measures, Bayesian analyses did not provide unambiguous evidence for unaware EC effects under any exclusion criterion and provided decisive evidence against such effects in most models. Finally, a separate analysis that distinguished between fully aware, partially aware, and fully unaware participants shows that evidence for unaware EC is due to the inclusion of partially aware participants in the purportedly unaware subsample. These reanalyses suggest that unaware EC as indexed by the surveillance task has yet to be convincingly demonstrated. We discuss the conceptual, theoretical, and applied implications of these findings with regard to the potential for unaware attitude formation.

Ultrafast single-particle imaging with intense x-ray pulses from free-electron laser sources provides a new approach for visualizing structure and dynamics on the nanoscale. After a short introduction to the novel free-electron laser sources and methods, we highlight selected applications and discuss how ultrafast imaging flourishes from method development to early applications in physics and biology to opportunities for chemical sciences.

This paper develops and presents a mixed-methods approach as a contribution to relational journalism studies. The approach aims to retrace the making of publics in digital media environments through the performative contributions of heterogeneous groups of actors and to elaborate group-specific stylistic features of their communication. It is based on a praxeological approach that is further developed for relational journalism studies “beyond the newsroom.” The contingency, polyphony and complexity of digital publics makes it necessary to combine traditional micro-sociological approaches in this field with quantitative network analyses and standardized analyses of actors and their practices. For this purpose, a three-stage approach is presented, which allows for the sequential development of “practice profiles” for individual actors as well as groups of actors through mixed quantitative and qualitative methods. With this interdisciplinary and methodologically innovative approach, the change of public spheres and journalism can be understood comparatively. Using the hashtag #systemrelevant as an example, we show how such an analysis is structured.

This paper summarizes a personal perspective on key learnings from projects the author was involved in over the last 20 years. For example, the discovery of macitentan, the most successful molecule to date from this personal collection, marketed by J&J for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). [1] Then the discovery of ACT-462206, a dual orexin receptor antagonist for the treatment of insomnia disorder with a serendipitously short story from the screening hit to the drug [2] followed by the identification of daridorexant, another dual orexin receptor antagonist. Daridorexant successfully passed first pivotal phase 3 clinical trial in April 2020 for the treatment of insomnia disorder [3] ("Good things come to those who wait"). Finally, ACT-451840, an antimalarial drug with a novel mechanism of action, identified in the perfect collaboration between academia and industry. The compound is in phase 2 clinical development. [4] In addition, the importance of the screening compound collection is briefly discussed, as a key asset for drug discovery. The measures Idorsia implemented to obtain valuable hits from high-throughput screening (HTS) campaigns are elaborated. [5] Drug discovery is a multi-disciplinary business with unlimited exciting challenges asking for excessive optimism when tackling them in a playful manner.

Abstract Background Natural and artificial directional selection in cosmopolitan and autochthonous pig breeds and wild boars have shaped their genomes and resulted in a reservoir of animal genetic diversity. Signatures of selection are the result of these selection events that have contributed to the adaptation of breeds to different environments and production systems. In this study, we analysed the genome variability of 19 European autochthonous pig breeds (Alentejana, Bísara, Majorcan Black, Basque, Gascon, Apulo-Calabrese, Casertana, Cinta Senese, Mora Romagnola, Nero Siciliano, Sarda, Krškopolje pig, Black Slavonian, Turopolje, Moravka, Swallow-Bellied Mangalitsa, Schwäbisch-Hällisches Schwein, Lithuanian indigenous wattle and Lithuanian White old type) from nine countries, three European commercial breeds (Italian Large White, Italian Landrace and Italian Duroc), and European wild boars, by mining whole-genome sequencing data obtained by using a DNA-pool sequencing approach. Signatures of selection were identified by using a single-breed approach with two statistics [within-breed pooled heterozygosity (HP) and fixation index (FST)] and group-based FST approaches, which compare groups of breeds defined according to external traits and use/specialization/type. Results We detected more than 22 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the 23 compared populations and identified 359 chromosome regions showing signatures of selection. These regions harbour genes that are already known or new genes that are under selection and relevant for the domestication process in this species, and that affect several morphological and physiological traits (e.g. coat colours and patterns, body size, number of vertebrae and teats, ear size and conformation, reproductive traits, growth and fat deposition traits). Wild boar related signatures of selection were detected across all the genome of several autochthonous breeds, which suggests that crossbreeding (accidental or deliberate) occurred with wild boars. Conclusions Our findings provide a catalogue of genetic variants of many European pig populations and identify genome regions that can explain, at least in part, the phenotypic diversity of these genetic resources.

An updated checklist of the species belonging to the subfamilies Scolytinae and Platypodinae in Switzerland is presented and briefly discussed. A total of 113 species is confirmed. This checklist is based on 42836 occurrences obtained from the identification of specimens held in museum and private collections, as well as on records taken from the literature. Fifteen species recorded from Switzerland in the past are excluded from this list, for reasons of insufficient documentation.

Pseudoalaocybites chimborazoi sp. nov. – a new microphthalmic weevil from the Ecuadorian Páramo is described, compared, and the discovery is discussed. The record enlarges the distribution area of the genus considerably to the South, furthermore it is the first record of a Pseudoalaocybites from the Páramo, an Andean ecosystem, which is also known as an evolutionary hot spot.

In addition to introductory conceptual considerations, this article deals with one of the “major” political-ecological research topics: the destruction of the tropical rainforests and savannas. Based on empirical research in the north of Mato Grosso (Brazil) we examine the prevailing destructive human-nature relations. In particular, we focus on the local configuration of the Global Soybean Production Network and its socioecological implications using the example of the “agribusiness-city“ of Sinop and its surroundings.

Editorial

Prólogo. La autoridad de los saberes: el letrado

A partir de los antiguos y modernos escritos que instruyen al gran terrateniente sobre cómo tratar la agricultura y la silvicultura, con sus sirvientes, vasallos y esclavos, se plantea la cuestión de la relación entre la organización de la casa grande como instalación de producción agrícola y la economía moderna. La hipótesis que debe ser confirmada es que son precisamente sus planteamientos normativos los que pueden ser correctivos de la economía actual y, así, apoyar las reivindicaciones de la ecología actual. Esta hipótesis tiene una implicación: el medio ambiente como mundo de objetos está constituido por el sujeto, es decir, por los valores del individuo, por el conocimiento con el cual interpreta el mundo y por su relación con sus semejantes, que pertenecen a su mundo y con quienes lo interpreta. Si se quiere entender el ambiente como un objeto, entonces se debe empezar por el sujeto. El sujeto, pero también su casa, es el microcosmos que se corresponde con el macrocosmos del entorno.

The subject of this survey is the manifold uses of the technique of epitomizing, which was and remained important in methodological, literary and normative-functional terms in the texts of Roman and canon law from Antiquity to the modern era. After some general reflections on epitomes and epitomization (I.), the article’s second section focuses on Roman law, especially of late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages (II.). The following sections concern the law of the Catholic Church in the second millennium, which is being examined in several steps. After some observations on the classical canon law of the High and Late Middle Ages (III.), two sections deal with the practical contexts and reasons for the interest in epitomizing works. After exploring the question of the intended readership of epitomes (IV.), the discussion moves on to the selection of contents as well as spatial contexts of reception (V.). The last two sections of the article then deal with the role of epitomizing in the canonistic literature of the modern era, first in canonistic literature in general (VI.) and then in the special genre of »graphic epitomes« in the form of diagrams (tabulae) (VII.).

Die Anzahl verlässlich gemeldeter Taxa (Arten und Unterarten) der Curculionoidea aus der Schweiz beträgt momentan 1081. Funde von Orchestes calceatus (Germar, 1821) werden hier erstmals bestätigt. Zusätzliche Verbreitungsdaten von zehn Arten werden gegeben. Der auf subalpine und alpine Lebensräume beschränkte Phyllobius alpinus Stierlin, 1859 ist eine valide Art stat. rev., und kein Synonym zu Ph. xanthocnemus Kiesenwetter, 1852 und wird daher aus der Synonymie herausgenommen. Die Arten werden verglichen und typische Unterscheidungsmerkmale werden aufgeführt.

El monacato, tan indiscutible en la Edad Media, empezó a ser cuestionado en la era del Humanismo y la Reforma. Consecuentemente, debemos preguntarnos cuál de estas propuestas de cambio acoge la orden jesuita recién instaurada, cómo esta cambia los planteamientos místicos de los monasterios medievales y qué papel desempeñan en Ignacio de Loyola las modificaciones protagonizadas por Ludolfo de Sajonia y Tomás de Kempis. Ignacio entrenó la fantasía para crear y visualizar imágenes durante sus ejercicios espirituales. Propone y defiende una meditación a través de la imaginación que llevará a la máxima contemplación religiosa. Mientras que para Calvino escuchar es lo más importante, para Ignacio lo principal es la visualización del espacio y el hecho de imaginar la situación.

Danna Nolan Fewell (editor). The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Narrative. Christoph Stenschke Stephan Anthony Cummins & Jens Zimmermann (editors), Acts of Interpretation: Scripture, Theology and Culture. Pieter van der Zwan Hemchand Gossai (editor), Postcolonial Commentary and the Old Testament. Pieter van der Zwan

Editorial

Los juristas adquieren cada vez mayor importancia en el Siglo de Oro español, como puede observarse en los tratados contemporáneos dedicados a este oficio. Se examinará en particular la figura del corregidor en el servicio estatal. Sus tareas consistían, según Jerónimo Castillo de Bovadilla, en gobernar una región y al mismo tiempo ejercer la jurisprudencia. Si bien como gobernador era responsable de la paz y el orden, como juez tenía que servir a la justicia. Según Bermúdez de Pedraza, la jurisprudencia puede considerarse una ciencia porque cumple con todos los criterios que se exigen a estas. Los corregidores se vuelven dominantes en la imagen del estado como un cuerpo en el que se asignan a la cabeza.

Climate change is a major challenge to viticulture worldwide. The adaptation potential of the different strategies to cope with climate change still embraces many uncertainties (e.g., unpredictable social-economic developments and land-use changes), particularly in the long-term. However, adaptation strategies adjusted to local terroirs and regional climate change projections will contribute to the sustainable development of the winemaking sector. The Clim4Vitis action (https://clim4vitis.eu/) recommends some guidelines for long-term adaptation (Figure 1).

Viticulture is exposed and vulnerable to extreme weather and climate change. In Europe, owing to the high socio-economic value of the winemaking sector, the development of adaptation strategies to mitigate climate change impacts will be of foremost relevance for its future sustainability and competitiveness. Some guidelines on feasible short-term adaptation strategies are provided here (Figure 1), collected by the Clim4Vitis action (https://clim4vitis.eu/). Long-term adapation startegies are described in an accompanying technical review.

Vorwort zur Nummer 5

Vorwort zur vierten Ausgabe von apropos [Perspektiven auf die Romania]

O objetivo principal do artigo "Genealogie und Kritik: zwei Formen ethischer Moralbefragung" de Christoph Menke é apresentar os pontos comuns e divergentes na constituição das concepções éticas de Nietzsche e Adorno –, mais especificamente, no que refere-se ao questionamento crítico da moral ou ética individual (figuras comum a ambos), que, por sua vez, terá uma relação necessária com o conceito de genealogia de Nietzsche e com o conceito de crítica de Adorno –, para, em última análise, mostrar as consequências distintas do posicionamento de cada um dos autores no âmbito da crítica à moral. A tradução foi realizada tendo-se por referência o texto original em alemão.

Sneed, Mark R. (ed.), Was There a Wisdom Tradition: New Perspectives in Israelite Wisdom Studies. 325 + xi pages. Paperback. ISBN 978-1-6283-7099-7; R623.00. Atlanta, GA: SBL Press, 2015. Mirjam Zimmermann, Ruben Zimmermann (Hrsg.), Handbuch der Bibeldidaktik. UTB (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2013). Xviii + 748 S., kartoniert. ISBN 978-3-8252-3996-1. 40 Euro Johanna Stiebert. First-Degree Incest and the Hebrew Bible. Sex in the Family. London: Bloomsbury, 2016. 228 pages, hard cover, price £59.90. ISBN 978-0-5676-0033-2.

James, Joshua T. 2017. The Storied Ethics of the Thanksgiving Psalms (Library of Hebrew Bible / Old Testament Studies 658). London – New York, NY: Bloomsbury T&T Clark. 161 Pages. Hardcover. ISBN 978-0-5676-7521-7. John Goldingay. Reading Jesus’s Bible: How the New Testament Helps Us Understand the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2017. 262 pages, soft cover, $ 24.00. ISBN 978-0-8028-7364-4. Mirjam Zimmermann, Ruben Zimmermann (Hrsg.), Handbuch der Bibeldidaktik. UTB (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2013). Xviii + 748 S., kartoniert. ISBN 978-3-8252-3996-1. 40 Euro

The article deals with the question of how non-Christians were represented in premodern Canon law, under which aspects historical research (especially as regards the history of Canon law) has dealt with them so far and how or on under what conditions did it arrive at its conclusions. First, the current state of research as regards the history of Canon law, in general, and the status of non-Christians, in particular, are considered. Then, the focus turns to the semantics and the concept of the infidel in the legal as well as theological tradition of the Catholic Church. As a third step, the project of a bibliography on the status of non-Christians in the normative culture of the Catholic Church between Antiquity and modern times as well as some insights into the history of research gained in the course of the respective bibliographical studies will be presented. The last part of the article takes a closer look at two methodological aspects of research, namely the problem of anachronistic terms and contemporary aspects of valuation.

El presente trabajo se propone revisar los orígenes de la imagen negativa del mercader, así como los posibles factores que influyeron en el cambio que esta experimentó ya en la Edad Media, para ejemplificar, a continuación, a partir de dos textos franceses del siglo XVII, la apología del mercader y de su profesión. El elogio del mercader que se manifiesta en estos textos no puede verse desligado de la tradición de la detracción del oficio, motivo por el que el estudio parte de la revisión de esta misma.

Wolfgang Schütte, Israels Exil in Juda: Untersuchungen zur Entstehung der Schriftprophetie Benjamin Kilchör William S. Morrow. An Introduction to Biblical Law Christoph Stenschke James, Joshua T. The Storied Ethics of the Thanksgiving Psalms Beat Weber