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N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5; International audience; The province of Kompienga has favorable agro-climatic characteristics for agricultural and livestock activities development. Besides these advantages, there is the fact that this region has a low density (10.8 habitants per km2) compared to the national average (51.8 habitants per km2) which offers land for cultivation. However, nowadays the combined effects of migration and adoption of technological packages in intensifying the cultivation of cotton, this situation is out of date and from that time the area is facing competition for the occupation of natural resources. This study establishes an environmental diagnosis of two activities (livestock and cotton farm) for the purpose of laying bare their interaction through surveys and observations on agricultural practices. The investigations reveal that the contribution of animals (plowing, weeding, fertilizer and animal traction) for increasing crop yields is very well received by producers. The income from cotton sales contribute to the establishment of agro-pastoral people. The main sources of conflict are identified damage caused by animals on crops, lack of access to pastoral resources (pasture, water) in animals and health hazards with the spreading of pesticides on field borders. This study shows that livestock and cotton farm maintain a strong but fragile relationship dynamics in this region. This dynamic can be enhanced by the emergence of a policy of integrated management of natural resources taking the negative environmental externalities highlighted.