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Some scholars argue that only a change of metre signals the beginning of a new poem in Horace’s Odes. Woodman has objected that, if this were the case, the juxtaposition of poems in the third and second asclepiadic metres, which begin with the same two metrical lines, would mislead the reader into thinking that a poem was continuing, only to realize belatedly at the third line that a new poem had begun, ‘a cruel and pointless trick’. This article explores the positive potential of such a trick, which I term false non-closure, to produce pointed, subtle, and complex poetic and thematic effects. The move is situated within Roman poets’ wider practice of springing surprises, twists, and tricks on readers, including Horace’s own use of false closure and shifts of direction. The process of misreading, correcting, and re-reading, always coloured by the initial misreading, forces the reader to reflect on her interpretation of each ode and on the relationships, continuity, and discontinuity, between them, as well as on the very act of reading. The cases of Carm. 1.14–15 and 1.23–24 are examined in detail, and an explanation given for the absence of the trick at 1.5–6 and 4.12–13.

This article lays out the inner workings of the new Scottish Feminist Judgments Project (SFJP). Against the backdrop of our discussions at the FJPs meeting in Onati, it discusses the ways in the which the SJP has evolved, including the methodological and theoretical choices that have shaped the project so far. The SFJP is part of a collective and collaborative endeavour that forms part of a critical mass strategy for change. It also offers its own unique insights into the ways that issues such as national identity, as well as gender, can influence the extent to which feminist voices can challenge the legal cultures and traditions in a particular jurisdiction. Although FJPs are only one way of challenging legal orthodoxy, they offer an opportunity for wide scale collective activism and critique across different legal jurisdictions and cultures that could help to bring legal cultural change.

This literature review provides a brief history of hydrotherapy during labour, a summary of the existing literature, and implications for practice. The objective of the literature review is to explore the evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of hydrotherapy as a method to alleviate labour pain during the first stage of labour. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted in August 2016 using CINAHL, ProQuest, and MedLine databases. Keywords used were: hydrotherapy, water immersion, intrapartum, labour and/or nurse with truncation and Boolean methods. The inclusion criteria for the search were: articles available in English, accessible electronically, peer-reviewed, and with year restrictions of 2005-2016. The search yielded one practice guideline, four recommendations from regulatory colleges, three systematic reviews, and five single studies. The author concludes that hydrotherapy for low risk parturients is a safe and effective method of pain control that empowers nurses and promotes positive patient outcomes.

This article addresses the uncanny fascination for specters that long haunted David Bowie’s artistry. Following the hauntological work of Jacques Derrida and a few of his followers, I consider the ways in which the late Bowie came to haunt the late Bowie, how mortality and mourning condition his final output, especially on Blackstar, his last album. In tracing these ghostly traces, I show how his music and videography pursue an alternative form of composition beyond the conventional attempts toward narrative closure of autobiography, a form of spectral rhetoric that I outline as autobituary. Through practices of writing attuned to the mournful structure that conditions signification, Bowie responds to Derrida’s and Michelle Ballif’s call to find ways of ethically addressing the (dead) other’s absolute alterity. In the form of autobituary, I suggest that Bowie provides one avenue for reconceiving the conventional relation between life and death, self and other, addressor and addressee.

This paper considers current cuts to social housing provision in the UK made in the name of austerity. It focuses particularly on the ‘bedroom tax’ —the cut to housing benefit for working-age social housing tenants whose property is deemed to provide more bedrooms than they need. It begins by explaining the long-standing political project of social housing in the UK. This background is important to explain the emergence of a discursively ghettoized population within social housing. We then turn to the ‘bedroom tax’ itself. We consider the two quite separate rationales underpinning its introduction. One rationale —fairness— is the focus of the politicians; the other —under-occupation— provides the focus for policy analysts. Both offer different versions of truth about the social in social housing and both are unconvincing. For us, this is significant because the politics of austerity require the support of public opinion. We then consider some strategies of resistance to the ‘bedroom tax’ which harness the disruptive potential of fairness before concluding that the bedroom tax requires relatively little unpacking to reveal it as an ideological device which operates to increase inequality whilst deploying a rhetoric of fairness. Este artículo analiza los recortes en las prestaciones de viviendas sociales que se realizan actualmente en el Reino Unido en nombre de la austeridad. Se centra particularmente en el 'impuesto dormitorio' -el recorte en el subsidio de vivienda para inquilinos en edad de trabajar, cuya vivienda se considera que tiene más dormitorios de los que necesitan. Comienza explicando el proyecto político de viviendas sociales, de larga tradición en el Reino Unido. Estos antecedentes son importantes para explicar el surgimiento de guetos en las viviendas sociales. A continuación se centra en el "impuesto dormitorio” en sí mismo. Se analizan los dos diferentes motivos que sustentan su promulgación. Una es la razón esgrimida por los políticos -legitimidad-, la otra –baja ocupación-, la esgrimen los analistas políticos. Ambos ofrecen diferentes versiones de la verdad acerca de lo social en materia de vivienda social y ambos son poco convincentes. En nuestra opinión, esto es relevante porque las políticas de austeridad requieren del apoyo de la opinión pública. Después consideramos algunas estrategias de resistencia al "impuesto dormitorio" que aprovechan el potencial disruptivo de equidad, antes de concluir que es relativamente sencillo revelarlo como un instrumento ideológico que opera para aumentar la desigualdad, a la vez que utiliza una retórica de equidad. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2565733

En el artí­culo se analiza la configuración y dinámica que adquiere la polí­tica en la Comisión Municipal de Yavi, interpretada como una pequeña sociedad rural. A partir de identificar los significados y las prácticas que los pobladores asocian y oponen a la polí­tica y observar las interacciones con procesos que ocurren a escala provincial y nacional, se propone un modelo de funcionamiento de la polí­tica yaveña. Entre los resultados se observa que las prácticas polí­ticas son animadas por múltiples motivaciones que desbordan lo considerado estrictamente como polí­tico y se imbrican con otras esferas de la vida social. La metodologí­a articula el enfoque etnográfico con el estudio de caso y los registros empí­ricos fueron colectados entre 1997 y 2014.

A direita política evangélica no Brasil tornou-se presuntiva, mas foram prefiguradas durante os processos simultâneos de redemocratização nacional e de politização evangélica na década de 1970 . Nesta encruzilhada, os líderes de várias denominações religiosas adotaram a linguagem de uma crise moral aguda, lançando as bases para uma direita evangélica. A própria crise moral tornou-se "nosso terreno", o ponto de inserção dos evangélicos de direita na esfera política, e uma das várias questões-chave que dividem evangélicos reacionários e seus correligionários progressistas. Até o momento da Constituinte, a posição dos Batistas e Assembleianos, como vozes dos conservadores que apoiaram amplamente o regime militar e se opuseram às iniciativas de justiça social do ecumenismo de esquerda e ao comunismo, tinha sido estabelecida após anos de pronunciamentos que ligavam essas questões à crise moral. Este artigo inicia um exame desses anos, dos contornos determinantes da transição gradual das coisas etéreas para as coisas políticas - e o significado destes contornos para facilitar a ascensão da direita evangélica.

This article is based on interpretative research using two viewpoints: the supply and the demand of learning/teaching French as a Foreign Language in a micro-context. Using different perspectives, we will be able to highlight a lack of harmonization between the learners’ discourse and the teaching approaches in French language classes. We will examine some of these aspects before proposing any form of contextualization.

This paper considers current cuts to social housing provision in the UK made in the name of austerity. It focuses particularly on the ‘bedroom tax’ —the cut to housing benefit for working-age social housing tenants whose property is deemed to provide more bedrooms than they need. It begins by explaining the long-standing political project of social housing in the UK. This background is important to explain the emergence of a discursively ghettoized population within social housing. We then turn to the ‘bedroom tax’ itself. We consider the two quite separate rationales underpinning its introduction. One rationale —fairness— is the focus of the politicians; the other —under-occupation— provides the focus for policy analysts. Both offer different versions of truth about the social in social housing and both are unconvincing. For us, this is significant because the politics of austerity require the support of public opinion. We then consider some strategies of resistance to the ‘bedroom tax’ which harness the disruptive potential of fairness before concluding that the bedroom tax requires relatively little unpacking to reveal it as an ideological device which operates to increase inequality whilst deploying a rhetoric of fairness. Este artículo analiza los recortes en las prestaciones de viviendas sociales que se realizan actualmente en el Reino Unido en nombre de la austeridad. Se centra particularmente en el 'impuesto dormitorio' -el recorte en el subsidio de vivienda para inquilinos en edad de trabajar, cuya vivienda se considera que tiene más dormitorios de los que necesitan. Comienza explicando el proyecto político de viviendas sociales, de larga tradición en el Reino Unido. Estos antecedentes son importantes para explicar el surgimiento de guetos en las viviendas sociales. A continuación se centra en el "impuesto dormitorio” en sí mismo. Se analizan los dos diferentes motivos que sustentan su promulgación. Una es la razón esgrimida por los políticos -legitimidad-, la otra –baja ocupación-, la esgrimen los analistas políticos. Ambos ofrecen diferentes versiones de la verdad acerca de lo social en materia de vivienda social y ambos son poco convincentes. En nuestra opinión, esto es relevante porque las políticas de austeridad requieren del apoyo de la opinión pública. Después consideramos algunas estrategias de resistencia al "impuesto dormitorio" que aprovechan el potencial disruptivo de equidad, antes de concluir que es relativamente sencillo revelarlo como un instrumento ideológico que opera para aumentar la desigualdad, a la vez que utiliza una retórica de equidad. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2565733

Background: In this brief report, we describe two ways in which we assessed the Scholar CanMEDS role using a method to measure residents’ ability to complete a critical appraisal. These were incorporated into a modified OSCE format where two stations consisted of 1) critically appraising an article and 2) critiquing an abstract. Method: Residents were invited to participate in the CanMEDS In-Training Exam (CITE) through the Office of Postgraduate Medical Education. Mean scores for the two Scholar stations were calculated using the number of correct responses out of 10. The global score represented the examiner’s overall impression of the resident’s knowledge and effort. Correlations between scores are also presented between the two Scholar stations and a paired sample t-test comparing the global mean scores of the two stations was also performed. Results: Sixty-three of the 64 residents registered to complete the CanMEDS In-Training Exam including the two Scholar stations. There were no significant differences between the global scores of the Scholar stations showing that the overall knowledge and effort of the residents was similar across both stations (3.8 vs. 3.5, p = 0.13). The correlation between the total mean scores of both stations (inter-station reliability) was also non-significant (r = 0.05, p = 0.67). No significant differences between senior residents and junior residents were detected or between internal medicine residents and non-internal medicine residents. Conclusion: Further testing of these stations is needed and other novel ways of assessing the Scholar role competencies should also be investigated.

RESUMEN: Es bien sabido que las universidades no han sido, hasta hace poco, conocidas por sus rápidas respuestas a la innovación y crecimiento. Además, los profesores universitarios, jefes de departamento, decanos, etc. están frecuentemente preocupados por intentar satisfacer las tres demandas fundamentales de su existencia como organizaciones (investigación, administración y enseñanza), de modo que las estrategias de futuro y la creatividad son, con frecuencia, ignoradas. En las universidades, debido al aumento de los problemas administrativos (burocracia) y la presión exteriores, el "staff" sólo tiene la posibilidad de "reaccionar" a los cambios en lugar de ser ellos los artífices de los mismos. Problemas tales como: el número de estudiantes y la necesidad de obtener financiación para investigar, afectan a la mayoría de las universidades de todo el mundo. Este artículo trata de examinar la transformación radical de estrategias que son imprescindibles hoy en día para aquellos que se mueven en el mundillo universitario. Se presentará un resumen de modelos de cómo realizar un cambio que pueda llevar al éxito. Se hará, asimismo, un repaso de las iniciativas de formación del "staff", diseñadas para equipar a éste de los mecanismos que le ayuden a enfrentarse a un rol en continuo cambio. La formación del "staff no es ya una simple opción para cualquier organización y, las universidades, como organizaciones que son, no son una excepción. Dicha formación es la conexión vital entre los objetivos de la organización y la práctica. Si no se le da al "staff los instrumentos necesarios para poner estos objetivos en práctica, nada se logrará. Las universidades de todo el mundo están siendo cada vez más competitivas. Así, pues, en mayor medida, deben entender cómo gestionar el cambio, para estar más capacitadas en cuanto a un mayor control de su futuro. Hoy por hoy, se espera que toda organización sea capaz de definir qué es calidad en relación con lo que hace. El desarrollo de nuevas metodologías de trabajo y la creación de nuevos modelos que tengan en cuenta el contexto de trabajo y aplicación del mismo podrían, a nuestro modo de ver, conducir a una mejora de esa calidad. La intención de este artículo no es otra, pues, que mostrar modos en que las universidades podrían poner en marcha mecanismos para esa siempre bienvenida mejora de quienes forman y conforman dichas organizaciones, tan complejas y, al mismo tiempo, apasionantes.ABSTRACT: It is well documented that Higher Educational institutions have not, until recently, been known for their speedy response to innovation and opportunity. Furthermore, academic staff are frequently so preoccupied with endeavours to satisfy the three fundamental demands on their existence (research, administration and teaching) that entrepreneurial and visionary strategies are largely ignored. Coping with change then, tends largely to be reactive with staff only responding to such matters as the decline in student numbers or the threat of reduction in research funds. This paper seeks to examine the radical transformation of skills currently required by all those working in higher education. It will present briefly an outline of relevant models on how to manage successful change. A consideration will be made of current staff development initiatives, designed to equip higher education staff with skills to cope with their changing role. Throughout the world funds for higher education are dwindling. Departments and individuáis are bound to consider such, hitherto disreputable, practices as marketing, and entrepreneuralism and the need for long and short term development plans. Staff development in higher education has been frequently of a fire-fighting nature. Little heed has been taken of specific needs or the identification of future trends or threats to the organisation. Higher education staff are now expected to evalúate their work more assiduously, be more accountable to their students and to work in collaboration with others. Many staff were employed at a time when individualism was sacrosanct, teaching carne a poor third in the list of priorities and research was paramount. (In some places, of course, little has changed). This paper will attempt to show that such myopia is no longer acceptable or possible. If higher education establishments are to thrive in a competitive environment, define quality in meaningful terms, encourage better standards of student learning while adopting positive attitudes to innovation and possibilities, then staff need to be given the opportunity to develop appropriate creative learning skills. From such a basis they can more confidently confront an unpredictable future. This paper will seek to offer suggestions of ways in which such needs can be satisfied through imaginative and flexible staff development programmes and initiatives.RESUMÉ: II est bien documenté que le monde universitarie n'était pas renommé, jusqu'á récemment pour sa réaction hative á l'innovation. D'ailleurs, les enseignants sont souvent si preocupes á satisfaire les trois exigences de leur travail (la recherche, la gestión et l'enseignement) que des estratégies visionnaires et creatives sont, pour la plupart, 'ecartées. Vivre avec le changement devient done une simple réaction oü l'enseignant se concerne uniquement de la baisse de la demande étudiante et de la menace d'une reduction de fonds pour la recherche. Cet exposé essaye d'examiner la transformation radicale des compétences, une transformation nécessaire pour tous ceux qui travaillent dans le monde universitaire. II presentera les grandes lignes des modeles pertinents a la gestión du changement. On examinera les initiatives actuelles dans le cadre de la formation continué, ceux qui sont crees pour fournir a l'enseignant les compétences pour faire face a ce changement de role. Dans le monde entier les fonds dédiés a la recherche sont de plues en plus réduits. Les départements et les individus seront obligés a considérer des .pratiques comme le marketing et l'activité commerciale (jusqu'ici deshonorants) et les projeets a courte et a longue échéance. La formation continué dans le monde universitaire s'est souvent déroulée d'une facón anti-incendiare. On n'a pas pris coscience ni des nécessités spécifiques ni de l'analyse des tendences futures, ni d'une menace a l'organisme. On exige aux enseignants une évaluatiokn plus rigoureuse de leur travail, une responsabilité accrue envers leurs étudiants et le travail d'équipe. Beaucopu de personnel a été embauché a une époque oú l'individualisme était sacro-saint, oú l'enseignement était au troiséme rang et la recherche venait avant tout (dans certaines institutions tres peu a changé). Cet exposé essayera de montrer que cette myopie n'est plus acceptable, voir nést plus possible. Si les universités doivent prospérer dans un contexte de concurrrence, doivent arriver par un parcours positif a une définition de la qualité, si elles doivent encourager de meillerus niveaux de connaissances en méme temps adoptant des attitudes positives vis-a vis l'innovation et les possiblités, et bien on devra donner aux enseignants les occasions de développer les compétences creatives qu'il leur faut. De cette base il pourront mieux affronter un avenir incertain. Cet exposé essayera de proposer les moyens par lesquels ees besoins peuvent étre satisfaits a travers des programmes et des initiatives de formation continué a la fois imaginatives et souples.