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Introduction: The correlation between antibiotic use and bacterial resistance is a well-established phenomenon and France has the highest rate of antibiotic consumption in Europe. In children day-care centers in the Alpes-Maritimes area, prevalence rates of pneumococcus with decreased susceptibility to penicillin (PSDP) have reached 60% of isolated pneumococcal strains. Several countries have implemented successful public health campaigns to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use.Objective: A group of institutional and community based health professionals was created to set up a similar campaign on a local basis from 2000 to 2004. Its aim is to reduce PSDP carriage rates by limiting antibiotic prescription in presumed viral upper respiratory tract infections in children.Method: The campaign targets general practitioners, pediatricians and parents. Focus groups and surveys provided a basis for the determination of local recommendations for physicians and information leaflets for parents. These were distributed via peer conducted visits to most practitioners in the area. Pharmacies were provided with posters and leaflets, the latter being also inserted in children''s personal health files. Ongoing surveillance of PDSP carriage rates and monitoring of pediatric antibiotic prescriptions should allow to assess the effectiveness of the campaign. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: The incidence rate of uterix cervical cancer in 2006 in the Alpes-Maritime was 6.2 per 100,000 women. The existence of curable precancerous lesions and an effective vaccine make it a target cancer in public health. The objective of this study was to establish prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in 2006 before the campaign of vaccination against HPV., Patients and Methods: Retrospective study including all histological samples (smears excluded) of the cervix, performed in 2006 with a diagnosis of intraepithelial Neoplasia among residents of the Alpes-Maritimes. Extraction codes' corresponding was carried out by all pathology laboratories located in the Alpes-Maritimes and around. A comparison of codes with pathology reports was performed for 11.4% of random samples., Results: This study included 2066 patients aged 16 to 88 years. The average age was 37.3 years (±12.3). Among these patients, most pejorative intraepithelial neoplasia lesion was CIN 1, CIN 2, CIN 3, respectively for 941, 380 and 375 patients. Prevalence of CIN 2 among women 20 to 25 years old was similar to rates seen in 35 to 39 years old (166.5 per 100,000) and the rate of CIN 3 was similar to that seen in 45 to 49 years (78.1 per 100,000)., Discussion and Conclusion: Rates of CIN for the entire female population of the Alpes-Maritimes in 2006 has been established. The results observed in women aged less than 25 years old will be useful for comparison after the campaign of vaccination against HPV., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)